Bio Lecture Exam 2 Craddock

Amoebas move and obtain food by means of ?

Pseudopodia

According to Solomon el al, the monophyletic supergroup "Archaeplastids" includes ?

Red algae, green algae, and plants

In chapter 7 of EO Wilson's book, The Diversity of Life, ? is the term applied to the spread of ancestry into different niches

adaptive radiation

Stomata ?

allow gas exchange for photosynthesis

Most protists are ?

aquatic

Which group of protists are unicellular, biflagellate stramenopiles that forms a significant portion of the nanoplankton?

golden algae

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as ?

monoecious

Which part of a flowering plant eventually becomes the fruit?

ovary

Which part of a flowering plant eventually becomes the seed?

ovule

The floating, often microscopic organisms that are the base of food webs in aquatic ecosystems are collectively called ?

plankton

? have cell walls with cellulose and characteristically obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis using chlorophyll .....

plants

? have cell walls with cellulose and characteristically obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis using chlorophyll contained in chloroplast, which gives them their green color. However, some are parasitic...

plants

The immature male gametophyte of pine are called?

pollen grains

Robert Koch ?

proposed a set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms

Why might seeds be reproductively superior to spores?

seeds conatin a young plant and also are protected by a seed coat

Water molds (oomycetes) are heterokonts, organisms that have 2 different kinds of ?

flagella

Rhizobial bacteria ?

form mutualistic relationships with the roots of legumes and fix nitrogen

In 1977, Carl Woese and his coworkers overturned a universally held assumption about the basic structure of the tree of life. They showed that one group of microbes, the ? are distinct from bacteria as plants and animals.

Archaea

Plants probably descended from a group of green algae called ?

Charophytes

Animals, fungi, and most bacteria are known as ?, because they obtain energy from chemicals (typically by redox reactions), and because they cannot fix carbon; they use organic molecules produced by other organisms as the building block from which they synthesize the carbon compounds they need.

Chemoheterotrophs

Most ciliates, such as Paramecium, are capable of a sexual process called ? in which two individuals come together and exchange genetic material.

Conjugation

According to Wilson, one important way of describing diversity if by level of biological organization. The organizational levels of importance to biological diversity are arrayed in this hierarchy ?

Ecosystem, Community, Guild, Species, Organism, Gene

What is a basic difference between gymnosperms and flowering plants?

Gymnosperms produce seed borne naked, while flowering plants produce seeds enclosed within a fruit

Some parasitic protists are important ? (disease-causing agents) of plants and animals.

Pathogens

The Irish potato famine of the 19th century was precipitated by an oomycete in the genus ? which causes late blight of potato.

Phytophthora

Cellular slime molds feed as individual ? cells

amoeboid

The most diverse, successful, and familiar groups of plants today are ?

angiosperms

?? which compose a single phylum, dominate most terrestrial landscape and exhibit great diversity in both vegetative and reproductive structures

aniosperms

Kelps are ? with multicellular bodies differentiated into blades, stripes, holdfasts, and gas-filled floats.

brown algae

Mosses and other ? lack vascular tissues and do not form true roots, stems, or leaves

byrophytes

to which phylum does P. menziesii belong?

cooniferophyta-the conifers

The airtight, waterproof, waxy layer that covers aerial parts of plants in the ?

cuticle

Which alga group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells?

diatoms

Which group of heterokonts contain individual s that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells? They are especially important in oceans, where they are estimated to contribute up to 45% of the total oceanic primary production of organic material.

diatoms

Members of which groups are known to form blooms known as red tides?

dinoflagellates

Alternation of generations in gene plants refers to the alternation of:

diploid and haploid stages

in flowering plants, the ? generation is dominant

diploid sporophyte

After fertilization occurs in plants, the fertilized egg develops into multi-cellular ? within the archegonium

embryo

Lynn Margulis is best known for her theory on the origin of eukaryotic organelles, and for her contributions to the ? which is now a generally accepted explanation for how certain organelles were formed. She showed that animals, plants, and fungi all originated from protists.

endosymbiotic theory

Which of the following is a vascular plant?

ferns

Malaria ?

is caused by the apicomplexan Plasmodium falciparum, that spends part of its life cycle in the mosquito

In chapter 9 of The Diversity of Life, EO Wilson uses the sea otter as an example of classic ?

keystone

A strengthening compound found in cell walls of vascular plants is ?

lignin

What do lare female ones of a pine tree contain?

measporangia

Plasmodial slime molds feel as ? plasmodia

multi-nucleate

Given the diversity in protest ultrastructure, biologists regard the protists as a ? group...

paraphyletic

Microorganisms that cause disease are called ?

pathogens

Although many protists are free-living, others form stable ? associations with unrelated organisms. These associations range from mutualism, to commensalism, to parasitism

symbiotic

In plant life cycles ?

the first stage in the diploid sporophyte generation in the zygote

The ? are specialized excavates that live in the guts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches. They ingest wood chips from the wood that termites or roaches eat and rely on endosymbiotic bacteria to digest cellulose in the woods. The insects ? and bacteria all obtain their nutrients from this source.

trichonymphs

In chapter 8, Wilson considers the Earth's biosphere to be largely ?

unexplored

xylem and phloem make up the ? of a pant

vascular tissues

In seed plants, the ? conducts water upwards from the roots to the leaves

xylem

Most dinoflagellates are a part of marine plankton. The ? are endosymbiotic, photosynthetic dinoflagellates found in certain marine intvertebrates; their mutualistic relationship with corals enhances the coral's reef-building ability.

zooxanthellae

This is conjugation in paramecium. What is the outcome of the process illustrated in the accompanying figure?

2 new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before

You find a unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia.When you expose the cells to cAMP, they aggregate into a slug like structure. Based on this information, you correctly conclude that this organisms is known as:

Dictyostelium discoideum (cellular slime mold)

Ciliates use ? for locomotion.

cilia

The surface of Paramecium is covered with thousands of short, hair-like ?

cilia

Which of the seedless vascular plants most contributed to our present-day coal deposits?

club mosses

What structural component do ferns posses that whiskferns do not?

true roots