BIO163 Ch 3 Cells and Tissues

Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order. 1. The protein folds into its functional shape. 2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing. 3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle. 4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER.

4, 1, 3, 2

Which of the following statements is a component of the cell theory?

A cell is the smallest living unit.

________ tissue is commonly called fat.

Adipose

_______, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

Desmosomes

The final processing of proteins "tagged" for secretion occurs in which cellular organelle?

Golgi apparatus

What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane.

Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion?

Na+

Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected?

atrophy

Sometimes an abnormal cell mass can develop in the human body. It can take control of the cell cycle, and cell division can malfunction. Which of the following does NOT describe all neoplasms?

cancer

Which type of muscle is characterized by the presence of striations and intercalated discs?

cardiac muscle

Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur?

cellular energy

A large amount of extracellular material is a characteristic of which type of tissue?A large amount of extracellular material is a characteristic of which type of tissue?

connective tissue

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________.

cytokinesis

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________.

dense connective tissue

What type of tissue has cells that are tightly packed, sits on a basement membrane, is avascular, and is easily regenerated?

epithelium

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____.

exocytosis

Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____.

facilitated diffusion

The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____.

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?

flagellum

Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane?

forming the entire glycocalyx

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________.

gene

The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

hydrophobic

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute?

hypertonic

In which cell stage does DNA replicate?

interphase

The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________.

interphase

In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following?

isotonic to each other

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which acid hydrolase enzymes escape from leaky cellular organelles, causing pain and a burning sensation in joints. The leaky organelles from which these acid hydrolase enzymes escape are the __________.

lysosomes

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ________.

mitochondrion

A primary active transport process is one in which __________.

molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP

Which of the following best explains diffusion?

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

What process does water use to move across the plasma membrane?

osmosis

What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid?

phosphate heads of phospholipids

Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane?

phospholipids

What is required for filtration to occur?

pressure gradient

The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____.

primary active transport

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which organelle synthesizes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm?

ribosomes that are free within the cytoplasm

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane?

semipermeable

What tissue is specialized for the rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients across its cells?

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion?

small concentration gradient

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________.

tight junctions

What process does a cell use to make an RNA copy of a segment of DNA?

transcription

Which of the following molecules brings the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

transfer RNA

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

transitional epithelium

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.

The cell will shrink.

If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells?

The cells will lose water and shrink.

What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?

Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink

The body has many techniques for protecting itself from uninvited guests or injury. However, if tissue injury does occur, it stimulates the body's inflammatory and immune responses, and the healing process begins almost immediately. Describe the process of tissue repair (wound healing) by first dragging the correct headings (in all capital letters) to the bins representing the first, second, and third phases of tissue repair. Next, drag each process to the correct bin.

Phase 1:__________ INFLAMMATION Permeable capillaries bring in "repair" chemicals. Clot forms and area is walled off. Phase 2:__________ GRANULATION Delicate pink tissue fills in the damaged area. Phase 3:__________ REGENERATION AND FIBROSIS Formation of scar tissue occurs. Replacement of function tissue occurs.