BIOL 1108 Final Exam Review

In the length unit exercise, what tool did you use to measure the circles? a. Protractor b. Triple Beam Balance c. Thermometer d. Metric ruler

d. metric ruler

What would you expect to happen if you compare the rate of photosynthesis in bright white light and in darkness? a. a. The rate of photosynthesis will start slowly under bright white light, and then increase in darkness. b. b. The rate of photosynthesis will remain constant in bright white light and darkness. c. c. The rate of photosynthesis will not be affected by bright white light or darkness. d. d. The rate of photosynthesis will be less under bright white light than in darkness. e. e. The rate of photosynthesis will be greater in bright white light than in darkness.

.The rate of photosynthesis will be greater in bright white light than in darkness.

Which of the following are characteristics of alleles? a. Alleles are found on homologous chromosomes. b. Alleles are variations of chromosomes. c. Alleles are made of RNA. d. Alleles determine traits. e. Alleles are variations of genes.

a. Alleles are found on homologous chromosomes. d. Alleles determine traits. e. Alleles are variations of genes.

Which type of process is alcoholic fermentation? a. Anaerobic b. Phagocytic c. Aerobic d. Respiratory

a. Anaerobic

When measuring the volume of a liquid in a graduated cylinder, at which point should the measurement be taken? a. At the bottom of the meniscus b. Anywhere you choose c. The edge d. The bottom

a. At the bottom of the meniscus

Which gas is produced by cellular respiration? a. Carbon dioxide b. Oxygen c. Hydrogen d. Nitrogen

a. Carbon dioxide

The meniscus is the a. Curvature of the water level b. Base unit of viscosity c. Volume of water container d. Film of water left in the container

a. Curvature of the water level

Which of the following is not a commonly used unit of length in the metric system? a. Electrometer b. Nanometer c. Millimeter d. micrometer

a. Electrometer

Which of the following is true about enzyme activity and pH? a. Enzymes working at their optimum pH level will be most active b. At a pH level above or below optimum, conversion of substrate to product happens more slowly. c. An enzyme converts substrate to product most quickly at optimum pH. d. At optimum ph level, an enzyme converts substrate to product very slowly

a. Enzymes working at their optimum pH level will be most active b. At a pH level above or below optimum, conversion of substrate to product happens more slowly. c. An enzyme converts substrate to product most quickly at optimum pH

In the metric system, the base unit of weight is the a. Gram b. Kilogram c. Meter d. None of the above

a. Gram

The oxygen produced by a plant comes most directly from a. H2O. b. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. c. C6H12O6. d. CO2. e. O2.

a. H2O

Which of the following is true of DNA? a. It functions as the genetic material of cells. b. It is found only in eukaryotic cells. c. It is found only in the cytoplasm of cells.

a. It functions as the genetic material of cells.

Which of the following carbohydrates is the largest? a. Polysaccharide b. Disaccharide c. Oligosaccharide d. Monosaccharide

a. Polysaccharide

Why is Suspect 1 considered more likely to have committed the crime than Suspect 2? a. The crime scene sample contains DNA fragments from both the victim and Suspect 1. b. The crime scene sample contains DNA fragments from both the victim and Suspect 2. c. Suspect 1 and the victim have more DNA fragments in common than the victim and Suspect 2. d. Suspect 2 and the victim have more DNA fragments in common than the victim and Suspect 1.

a. The crime scene sample contains DNA fragments from both the victim and Suspect 1.

How is the metric system different from the standard United States system? a. The metric system is based on the units of 10 b. The metric system is more accurate c. The United States standard system is more accurate d. Everyone uses the United States standard system

a. The metric system is based on the units of 10

The liter is the metric base unit for the measurement of a. Volume b. Size c. Length d. temperature

a. Volume

When DNA is wound around a cluster of histone proteins, it is referred to as a. a nucleosome. b. DNA polymerase. c. a nucleolus. d. a ribosome.

a. a nucleosome.

Which of these genes are located on the q arm of chromosome 17? a. gastrin and GH1 b. MPO and GLUT4 c. BLMH and RP13 d. RP13 and GLUT4

a. gastrin and GH1

In a PCR reaction, the strands of DNA are first separated by ___. a. heating b. adding alcohol c. treatment with a strong base d. treatment with an acid

a. heating

When Mendel crossed two purple-flowered pea plants with each other, he obtained a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 (purple-flowered pea plants to white-flowered pea plants). His results are consistent with which of the following sets of parents? a. heterozygous purple pea plant and heterozygous purple pea plant b. homozygous dominant purple pea plant and heterozygous white pea plant c. heterozygous purple pea plant and homozygous recessive white pea plant d. heterozygous purple pea plant and homozygous dominant purple pea plant e. homozygous dominant purple pea plant and homozygous recessive white pea plant

a. heterozygous purple pea plant and heterozygous purple pea plant

An enzyme reduces the energy necessary to start a chemical reaction. This means that the rate of the reaction will a. increase b. decrease c. remain the same

a. increase

Which of the following statements about chlorophyll is correct? a. it reflects light in the green light spectrum b. It reflects high-energy electrons c. All of the choices are correct d. it appears green because it absorbs light in the green light spectrum e. It reflects all colors in the light spectrum except green

a. it reflects light in the green light spectrum

Which of the following are applications of recombinant DNA technology?Select all that apply. a. making proteins that are useful as medicines b. making bacteria that can clean up toxic waste c. making crops that are pest-resistant d. making clones of animals

a. making proteins that are useful as medicines b. making bacteria that can clean up toxic waste c. making crops that are pest-resistant

A change in a nucleotide sequence that results in no change in protein product is called a a. silent mutation. b. frameshift mutation. c. nonsense mutation. d. missense mutation.

a. silent mutation

The unpaired nucleotides produced by the action of restriction enzymes are referred to as _____. a. sticky ends b. base sequences c. single strands d. restriction fragments e. ligases

a. sticky ends

Adding more molecules to a container will produce more collisions between molecules. a. True b. False

a. true

At higher temperatures, an enzyme may denature. a. True b. False

a. true

If you cross two heterozygous Yy pea plants, what proportion of the offspring will be the dominant color yellow? a. 0% b. 75% c. 100% d. 25% e. 50%

b. 75%

What does water pass through during osmosis? a. An energy barrier b. A selectively permeable membrane c. A cell wall d. An impermeable membrane

b. A selectively permeable membrane

Which of the following best describes a gene? a. A sequence of DNA that is inherited b. A sequence of DNA that encodes a functional product c. A physical characteristic that is inherited

b. A sequence of DNA that encodes a functional product

Osmosis involves which type of membrane transport? a. Endocytosis b. Diffusion c. Exocytosis d. Active transport

b. Diffusion

The rate of photosynthesis is much greater in the green than red light spectrum. a. True b. False

b. False

Heating up a solution of molecules will result in which of the following events will occur? a. Movement of molecules will stay the same. b. Molecules will bump into one another more frequently. c. Molecules will move around faster. d. Molecules will move more slowly.

b. Molecules will bump into one another more frequently. c. Molecules will move around faster

Molecules that absorb light energy are called a. Grana b. Pigments c. Thylakoids d. Enzymes e. Electron transport systems

b. Pigments

What effect do enzymes have on the rate of a chemical reaction? a. No effect on chemical reactions b. Speed up chemical reactions c. Slow down chemical reactions

b. Speed up chemical reactions

Which of the following is located within the mitochondria? a. Glycolysis enzymes b. The electron transport chain c. Fermentation enzymes

b. The electron transport chain

What is the definition of genotype? a. An alternative form of a gene that determines a particular characteristic in an individual b. The genetic makeup of an individual c. A gene or group of genes that determine a specific characteristic in an individual d. A characteristic of an individual that can be observed or measured

b. The genetic makeup of an individual

Which of the following structural characteristics of DNA explains its ability to store genetic information? a. The sugar-phosphate back bone of the molecule b. The sequence of nucleotides in the molecule c. The covalent bonding between the deoxyribose and the phosphate groups d. The helical structure of the molecule

b. The sequence of nucleotides in the molecule

When soaked in a hypotonic solution, water will move ____ potato cells. a. in and out in equal amounts of b. Into c. out of

b. into

Which of the following is not a reaction that cells use to get energy from nutrients? a. fermentation b. photosynthesis c. cellular respiration d. glycolysis e. Krebs cycle

b. photosynthesis

What is the term for the substance that is formed after a chemical reaction occurs? a. Substrate b. Product c. Reactant d. Enzyme

b. product

A device that can be used to measure the rate of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during energy-acquiring pathways is called a a. spectrophotometer. b. respirometer. c. fermentation tube. d. barometer. e. graduated cylinder

b. respirometer.

When water moves into red blood cells placed in a hypotonic environment, they will _____. a. Crenate b. swell and hemolyze c. remain unchanged

b. swell and hemolyze

Cellular respiration a. requires energy and releases NADH. b. releases energy and oxygen. c. oxidizes glucose and reduces oxygen. d. releases energy and reduces water. e. oxidizes oxygen and reduces glucose.

c. oxidizes glucose and reduces oxygen.

What is the definition of phenotype? a. A gene or group of genes that determine a specific characteristic in an individual b. An alternative form of a gene that determines a particular characteristic in an individual c. A characteristic of an individual that can be observed or measured d. A sequence of DNA that encodes a functional product such as an enzyme

c. A characteristic of an individual that can be observed or measured

How do forensics investigators use DNA fingerprinting to link a particular suspect to a particular crime scene? a. Forensics investigators use genetic markers that are common in the U.S. population. b. Forensic investigators match the blood types of samples taken at a crime scene to the blood types of their crime suspects. c. Forensic investigators compare genetic markers in DNA taken from suspects to genetic markers in DNA from crime scene samples. d. Forensics investigators compare genetic markers in DNA from suspects to genetic markers in state and national databases.

c. Forensic investigators compare genetic markers in DNA taken from suspects to genetic markers in DNA from crime scene samples.

A person is severely dehydrated and requires intravenous administration of fluids. Using a ____ solution will prevent red blood cells from shrinking or swelling. a. Hypotonic b. Hypertonic c. Isotonic

c. Isotonic

What is another term for the reactant that combines with an enzyme in a reaction? a. Active site b. Product c. Substrate

c. Substrate

What substance decreases during a chemical reaction and can be used to measure the activity of an enzyme? a. Enzyme b. Product c. Substrate

c. Substrate

Chlorophyll is the main pigment found in plants. Other pigments are also present. If these other pigments were lost from a plant, but chlorophyll remained, what effect would this have on the plant? a. the plant would no longer be able to make NADPH b. The plant would no longer be able to fix carbon c. The plant would no longer be able to absorb wavelengths of light distinct from the ones absorbed by chlorophyll d. The plant would no longer be able to make ATP e. The plant would no longer be able to absorb photons

c. The plant would no longer be able to absorb wavelengths of light distinct from the ones absorbed by chlorophyll

In a DNA molecule, adenine on one strand of nucleotides will pair with which base on the other strand? a. Uracil b. Adenine c. Thymine d. Guanine

c. Thymine

Osmosis involves the movement of what substance? a. Oxygen b. Carbon dioxide c. Water d. Salt

c. Water

The complex formed by DNA and its associated proteins is called a. centromere. b. centrosome. c. chromatin. d. chromatid.

c. chromatin.

A diploid organism that has two identical alleles for the same trait is called _______ for that particular trait. a. dominant b. codominant c. homozygous d. heterozygous e. Recessive

c. homozygous

The two strands of nucleotides in a DNA molecule are held together by a. sugar and phosphate bonding. b. peptide bonds. c. hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases. d. strong ionic bonds

c. hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.

If the DNA sequence is somehow changed from ATT to AAT, this is called a a. Promoter. b. ligation. c. mutation. d. transformation.

c. mutation.

A solution is a mixture of a a. solvent mixed with another solvent. b. solute dissolved in another solute. c. solute dissolved in a solvent.

c. solute dissolved in a solvent.

What anaerobic pathway in cellular respiration generates ATP from the breakdown of glucose? a. the light reactions b. citric acid cycle c. Calvin cycle d. glycolysis e. electron transport chain

d. glycolysis

Which of the following describe DNA within a eukaryotic cell? a. DNA is packaged around proteins within the nucleus. b. DNA is surrounded by two separate phospholipid membranes within the cell. c. The phosphate group of the nucleotides within DNA has a negative charge. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

In the metric system, the base unit of temperature is the a. None of the answer choices are correct. b. meter c. Letier . d. Celsius

d. Celsius

The specialized organelles that carry out photosynthesis are called: a. contractile vacuoles b. Vesicles c. Mitochondria d. Chloroplasts e. Ribosomes

d. Chloroplasts

Fermentation in yeast can occur without a. NADH or NAD+ b. Glycolysis c. Sugars d. Oxygen

d. Oxygen

The tare button is used to a. Record measurements b. Cleaning scale c. Stabilize the scale d. Reset the scale

d. Reset the scale

Why would you not use green light and white light if you wanted to determine the dependence of specific color wavelengths on the rate of photosynthesis? a. Green light contains all visible wavelengths b. White light is bright and green light is dim c. Green is absorbed and used by plants to convert light energy, white is not d. White light contains all visible wavelengths, not just one color

d. White light contains all visible wavelengths, not just one color

Which of the following have NOT already been done by scientists? a. cloning of mammals, such as sheep, cows, horses, and dogs b. genetic engineering to create sheep that produce pharmaceuticals in their milk c. gene therapy that uses a virus to deliver healthy genes into the cells of sick patients d. cloning of a dinosaur from genes found in the blood of a fossil mosquito

d. cloning of a dinosaur from genes found in the blood of a fossil mosquito

What is recombinant DNA technology? a. using DNA databases to identify criminal suspects b. isolating genes from homologous pairs of chromosomes c. combining alternate alleles on the same chromosome d. combining genes from different species

d. combining genes from different species

Punnett squares are used to a. clarify evolutionary relationships. b. predict the outcome of a cross between two parents of unknown genotypes. c. explain the phenotypes of the parent generation. d. predict the outcome of a cross between two parents of known genotypes.

d. predict the outcome of a cross between two parents of known genotypes.

An example of a successful gene therapy approach to treating human disease is seen in a procedure __________. a. applying genetic or linkage mapping b. resulting in the Human Genome Project c. using genetically modified foods d. using gene therapy to treat severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

d. using gene therapy to treat severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

Traits that are carried on the X chromosome are said to be a. alleles. b. autosomal. c. gametal. d. x-linked.

d. x-linked

The molecule that traps the sun's energy is a. Chloroplast b. Rubisco c. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. ATP e. Chlorophyll

e. Chlorophyll