BIOL 1322 Nutrition & Diet Therapy Chapter 8 smart book

Diets supplying high amounts of _____ (like beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

carotenoids

In order to make phospholipids and acetylcholine, the body needs the vitamin called

choline

Which of the following foods would not be a good source of vitamin D?

cucumbers

True or false: Scientific studies show that taking vitamin C is an effective way to prevent the common cold.

false

True or false: Taking supplements in folic acid, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 will lower a person's risk for heart disease.

false

Folic acid is the synthetic form of __________ that is found in supplements and added to fortify foods.

folate

Presently there _____ much scientific information that supports claims that megadoses of vitamins can treat or prevent disease.

is not

A disease has when cancer spreads to other tissues.

metastasized

A water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the release of energy from macronutrients is

niacin

The B vitamin that has been used to treat elevated LDL cholesterol levels is

niacin

Choose the water-soluble vitamin that is a component of coenzyme A.

pantothenic acid

Carotenoids are found in _____.

plants

Microwaving, steaming, and stir-frying are all cooking methods that______.

preserve vitamin content of foods

Which of the following has the greatest impact on your long-term health?

quitting smoking

The deficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C in the diet is called _____.

scurvy

The __________ _____________ is the primary site of vitamin absorption.

small intestine

What is the primary site of vitamin absorption?

small intestine

Which of the following does the most harm to your health?

smoking

Which foods are good sources of vitamin E?

sunflower seeds and plant oils

What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?

vitamin

Plant oils such as sunflower, safflower, canola, and olive oils, as well as margarine and salad dressing are rich food sources of _____.

vitamin E

The use of which vitamin supplement has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and hemorrhagic stroke?

vitamin E

Vitamin supplements are effective for treating people with______.

vitamin deficiencies

What is an ion or small molecule that regulates a chemical reaction?

Coenzyme

Niacin participates in which of the following?

Energy metabolism

What are some food sources of riboflavin?

Milk Spinach Yogurt

Which vitamin do cells require to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of CH3 groups in the metabolism of folate?

Vitamin B 12

Aging, family history, using tobacco, and being exposed to radiation are all risk factors for _____.

cancer

Individuals with excess body fat and are obese have a higher risk of _____.

cancer

What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?

cancer

What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin?

- The nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods. - Signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet. - The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health.

Choose the vitamins that are water-soluble.

- B vitamins - Vitamin C - niacin - riboflavin - vitamin B-6

Why is it not necessary to consume 100% of every vitamin each day?

- Bacteria in your lower intestinal tract can produce certain vitamins. - Your body can synthesize vitamin D. - Body cells can store vitamins to some extent.

The body needs choline to _____.

- as part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. - produce phospholipids in cell membranes. - synthesize a part of a phospholipid in the liver.

The results of major studies fail to show that high Vitamin E intakes can reduce the risk of

- cancer. - cognitive impairment. - cardiovascular disease.

It is unnecessary to consume 100% of all vitamins every day because _____.

- cells contain a supply of vitamins - bacteria in the intestinal tract can produce some vitamins - the body can synthesize some vitamins

Which dietary habits can result in a reduction of cancer risk?

- eating a variety of nutritious foods - increased intake of fruits and vegetables - drinking adequate fluids

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

- energy metabolism. - fatty acid production.

Biotin's roles in the body include _____.

- fatty acid synthesis - glucose synthesis - amino acid breakdown

What is the best way to preserve vitamin content in foods during cooking?

- little contact between food and water - use quick-cooking methods

When are vitamin supplements recommended?

- metabolic defects that increase vitamin requirements - specific vitamin deficiency diseases

Which foods are good sources of vitamin D?

- milk - salmon - herring

Which of the following are considered basic roles of vitamins?

- regulates body processes - involved in cell division and development

Which cooking methods best preserve the vitamin content of foods?

- steaming - stir-frying - microwaving

Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C?

- strawberries - broccoli - citrus fruits

The consumption of which foods has been associated with a decrease in the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration?

- vegetables - fruits

Which statement is most accurate?

A nutritionally adequate diet can supply vitamins that last for days and even years.

Cells require vitamin __________________ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of CH3 groups in the metabolism of folate.

B-12

Although commonly used for this purpose, scientific studies do not show that megadoses of vitamin _________________ prevents the common cold.

C

Many Americans consume less than the recommended amounts of vitamins______.

D, E, and choline

What is the synthetic form of folate that is found in supplements and added to fortify foods?

Folic Acid

The protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen is called

Hemoglobin

Which of the following is true about coenzymes?

Regulates a chemical reaction Cofactor

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.

Thiamin

In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that

add carbon dioxide to other compounds.

Usually water-soluble vitamins are not toxic as they do not accumulate in the body. There is one exception to this rule when high doses of what water-soluble vitamin can cause sensory nerve damage?

b-6

What is the primary function of vitamin K?

blood clotting

Homocysteine may be a biochemical marker or risk factor for______.

heart disease

Diets supplying ______ amounts of carotenoids may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

high

There ______ an association between eating diets rich in fruits and vegetables and lower risk of certain cancers, heart disease and age-related macular degeneration.

is