BIOL 212 FINAL EXAM

which of the following tissues conducts water and dissolved minerals? a. phloem b. bundle sheath cells c. xylem d. root hairs e. mesophyll cells

c. xylem

from an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in which phylum, allowing them to respond to external stimuli? a. porifera b. cnidaria c. ctenophora d. mollusca e. arthropoda

cnidaria

What is the approximate % amount of energy that is transferred from one tropic level to the one above it a. 100 b. 90 c. 50 d. 10 e. 1

d. 10

while it is not available to most organisms, the atmosphere is the greatest store of nitrogen on earth. what percentage of the atmosphere is it composed of? a. 21% b. 78% c. 99% d. > 1%

b. 78%

which of the following plant groups has its life cycle dominated by the gametophytic (haploid) generation? a. bryophytes b. seedless vascular plants c. gymnosperms d. angiosperms

a. bryophytes

which macromolecule is a common constituent of the cells walls of all land plants a. cellulose b. chiton c. peptidoglycan d. glucose e. starch

a. cellulose

which of the following equation(s) apply to the allele frequency of the Hardy-weinberg equilibrium? a. p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 b. p + q = 1 c. a^2 + b^2 = c^2 d. e = mc^2 e. both a and b

b. p + q = 1

which aquatic ecosystem has the greatest productivity? a. sea grass prarie b. kelp forests c. coral reefs d. open ocean surface e. open ocean floor

c. coral reefs

A population refers to a. organisms from the same species which can interbreed b. organisms from different species which interact with each other c. the organisms in a given area and the abiotic factors they use d. all areas on earth which are capable of supporting life

a. organisms from the same species which can interbreed

which part of the root is where cell division and growth occur? a. root meristem b. root hairs c. root caps d. taproots e. fibrous roots

a. root meristem

which are the animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel? a. rotifers b. phronoids c. bryozoans d. ctenophores e. platyhelminthes

a. rotifers

Charles Darwin called choosing a mate based on its color or some other characteristic: a. sexual selection b. gamete selection c. natural selection d. gametic preference e. postzygotic selection

a. sexual selection

which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of a monocot seed? a. single cotyledon b. two cotyledons c. primary nourishment for growing seedling is in the cotyledon tissue d. the endosperm is only 2n

a. single cotyledon

Which is a characteristic of all annelids? a. they have a visceral mass b. they have a segmented body c. they move with a muscular foot d. they surround their body with a mantle e. they have an open circulatory system

b. they have a segmented body

A ___ is a tangled mass of hyphae a. sporocarp b. sporangia c. zygospore d. mycelium e. coenocyte

d. mycelium

the most unique feature of the echinoderms is their: a. digestive system b. nervous system c. closed circulatory system d. water vascular system e. mantle

d. water vascular system

Which layers are considered sterile in the flower? a. Sepal b. Petals c. Stamen d. None of the above e. both A and B

e. both A and B

All plants exhibit an alternation of generations, though the time they spend in each stage and structures can vary. For all of them, though, what is the product of the gametophytic generation? a. egg and sperm (gametes) b. spores c. a zygote d. a seedling

a. egg and sperm (gametes)

the evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor is known as: a. biohistory b. phylogeny c. phrenology d. phenetics e. species origination

b. phylogeny

which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land? a. the presence of new predators b. being able to adapt to move on land c. the need for more oxygen to do work d. finding a mate in the new environment e. the desiccating effect of the atmosphere

c. the need for more oxygen to work

Which of the following factors lead to reduced soil fertility? a. acid rain b. extensive topsoil reduction c. leaching of nutrients and minerals d. sanitization of soils in arid locations e. all significantly reduce soil fertility

e. all significantly reduce soil fertility

Which of the following statements about arthropods is false? a. arthropods have a true coelom b. arthropods have an exoskeleton c. arthropods display segmentation d. arthropods have an open circulatory system e. arthropods all have six legs

e. arthropods all have six legs

what is a blastopore: a. an opening in the central cavity of an embryo in early development b. specialized cells utilized by sponges to uptake water c. pore that allows water to enter water vascular system d. specialized cell that secretes oil in terrestrial vertebrates

a. an opening in the central cavity of an embryo in early devleopment

an example of homologous structures is the wing of a bat and the a. arm of a human b. wing of a beetle c. tail of a whale d. leg of a chimpanzee e. dorsal fin of a shark

a. arm of the human

Which of the following describes the characteristics of the cuticle? a. as thick as possible to prevent water loss b. is as thin as possible to allow light to pass through to photosynthetic cells c. a balance must be struck: too thin, water loss; too thick, little light d. the cuticle is not necessary if a plant has trichomes e.

a. as thick as possible to prevent water loss

Ascomycetes reproduce sexually by forming ___, which are packaged together in groups of eight: a. asci b. basidia c. conidia d. hyphae e. ascospores

a. asci

the most common node of reproduction in bacteria is: a. binary fission b. transformation c. transduction d. conjugation e. mitosis

a. binary fission

Which of the following organisms is the most likely recent common ancestor of all animal species? a. choanoflagellates b. red algae c. brown algae d. green algae e. dinoflagellatess

a. choanoflagellates

phylogenetic systematics produce branching diagrams called: a. cladograms b. phenograms c. cladistic trees d. molecular clocks

a. cladograms

The most productive areas in the ocean are a. continental seas b. euphotic zone c. bathyal zone d. abyssal zone

a. continental seas

sea snakes, which are reptiles, have a similar body shape to eels, which are fish. though they are from different evolutionary lineages, they have a similar body plan at first glance. this is referred to as a. convergent evolution b. divergent evolution c. homologous structures d. homoplasy

a. convergent evolution

Which are formed during the double fertilization event? a. diploid zygote, triploid endosperm b. triploid zygote, triploid endosperm c. triploid zygote, diploid endosperm d. diploid zygote, haploid endosperm e. diploid zygote, diploid endosperm

a. diploid zygote, triploid endosperm

The process by which water is transferred from the open ocean to the atmosphere is known as a. evaporation b. precipitation c. freezing d. melting e. runoff

a. evaporation

Which protist clade (supergroup) is characterized by their greatly modified mitochondria? a. excavates b. unikonts c. rhizarians d. archaeplastids e. chromalvolates

a. excavates

which of the following plants will not develop seeds? a. ferns b. conifers c. monocots d. dicots e. none of the above

a. ferns

A ___ is a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi a. fruiting body b. protonema c. thallus d. hypha e. septum

a. fruiting body

while all of these can contribute to extinction, which human factor has the greatest impact on biodiversity? a. habitat destruction b. pollution c. overharvesting d. introduction of invasive species

a. habitat destruction

With respect to the alleles for sickle cell anemia, which genotype(s) is (are) the greatest advantage to persons residing in tropical areas where malaria is common? a. heterozygous individuals b. homozygous recessive individuals c. both heterosexual and homozygous dominant individuals d. homozygous dominant individualsr

a. heterozygous individuals

What is the primary role of the nodules? a. home for nitrogen fixing bacteria b. location to store mineral absorbing fungi c. provide cells with additional CO2 d. increase root surface area

a. home for nitrogen fixing bacteria

in a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is known as a. hypha b. gametangium c. fruiting body d. oogonium e. antheridiu

a. hypha

the lampreys do not have which trait? a. jaws b. notochord c. muscular postanal tail d. bilateral symmetry e. lampreys have all of the above traits

a. jaws

most populations experience rapid growth at first, but growth slows as the population approaches its carrying capacity where it levels off. this type of growth can be described as a. logistic growth b. exponential growth c. extinction d. growth pattern of the human population

a. logistic growth

what is the phylogeny of most animal groups? a. monophyletic b. paraphyletic c. polyphyletic d. pseudophyletic e. diphyletic

a. monophyletic

which of the following do not develop true vascular tissue? a. mosses b. ferns c. conifers d. flowering plants e. none of the above

a. mosses

which type of bacteria would not be able to survive in an environment lacking oxygen? a. obligate aerobic b. obligate anaerobic c. facultative aerobic d. facultative anaerobic

a. obligate aerobic

Which of the following terms most accurately describes the selective advantage to individuals which far near the average of a trait: a. stabilizing selection b. disruptive selection c. directional selection d. natural selection e. the founder effect

a. stabilizing selection

If a population is currently growing, a. the birth rate is greater than the death rate b. the birth rate is less than the death rate c. the birth rate = the death rate d. the population will grow to an infinite number e. the population will soon crash until it becomes extinct

a. the birth rate is greater than the death rate

which survivorship curve best describes K selective species? a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III d. Type r e. Type K

a. type I

which is a distinguishing feature of dicot stems? a. vascular bundles arranged in a ring when examining cross section b. vascular bundles arranged randomly through stem c. xylem and phloem arranged in their own bundles d. dicot stems are lacking pith in center of the sun

a. vascular bundles arranged in ring when examining cross-section

which characteristic best describes vertebrates? a. vertebral column b. blood containing hemoglobin c. four-chambered heart d. a cranium e. A and D

a. vertebral column

Which pH leads to the best cation exchange for most plants? a. 3 - 4 b. 6 -7 c. 9 - 10 d. pH doesn't effect cation exchange

b. 6 - 7

which animal has an asymmetric body plan? a. cnidaria b. porifera c. annelida d. ctenophora e. echinodermata

b. Porifera

arthropods support their bodies with which adaptation: a. the ability to fly b. a hard exoskeleton c. jointed appendages d. segmented coelom e. respiratory capabilities

b. a hard exoskleton

Most bacterial cells can keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment because of a. a stiff capsule b. a rigid cell wall c. a tough cell membrane d. an efficient water pump e. pumping large quantities of salt into the cell

b. a rigid cell wall

which of the following is not an example of a producer a. green algae b. a wildebeest c. trees d. grasses e. phytoplankton

b. a wildebeest

the amniotic egg does not contain a. the developing embryo b. allantois, which stores waste c. an albumen which provides nutrients d. a direct connection to the maternal body e. a chorion wich encloses the embryo and other membranes

b. allantois, which stores waste

which part of the stamen is responsible for the production of the pollen? a. filament b. anther c. stigma d. style e. ovary

b. anther

Lab plants belong to which eukaryotic supergroup? a. unikonts b. archaeplastids c. excavates d. chromaleveolates e. opisthikonts

b. archaeplastids

yeasts produce asexually by a. meiosis b. budding c. ascospores d. binary fission e. forming a secondary mycelium

b. buddin

Cell walls of fungi are composed of a. lipids b. chitin c. cellulose d. glycogen e. glucose

b. chitin

Sponges are believed to have arisen from choanoflagellates because they possess a. amebocytes b. collar cells c. spongin d. spicules e. oscula

b. collar cells

what is humus? a. ground chickpeas to eat with pita chips b. decaying organic matter of soil c. another word for soil bedrock d. mineral component of soil

b. decaying organic matter of soil

what is the area between two soils referred to as? a. ecosystem b. ecotone c. biotic boundary d. fence habitat e. biotone

b. ecotone

when the final individual of a species dies, the species is said to be a. extant b. extinct c. dormant d. hibernating e. hiding

b. extinct

In an ecosystem, energy ___ and matter ___ a. flows; flows b. flows; cycle c. cycles; cycles d. cycles; flows

b. flows; cycles

What term describes how most individual sponges can produce both male and female gametes? a. asexual b. hermaphroditic c. indeterminate d. heterozygous e. enterocoelous

b. hermaphroditic

which of these mechanisms is a post zygotic barrier to reproduction? a. inbreeding b. hybrid sterility c. habitat isolation d. behavioral isolation

b. hybrid sterility

which class of animals has the largest number of species? a. arachnida b. insecta c. Gastropoda d. bivalvia e. arthropoda

b. insecta

Which major germ layer is not present in dipoblastic animals? a. endoderm b. mesoderm c. ectoderm d. metaderm

b. mesoderm

a true body cavity completely surrounded by ___ is called a coelom a. ectoderm b. mesoderm c. endoderm d. exoderm e. mesoglea

b. mesoderm

which two characteristics are common among organisms that are found in a clumped distribution? a. even resource distribution and territorial organisms b. patchy resource distribution and social organisms c. even resource distribution and social organisms d. patchy resource distribution and territorial organisms

b. patchy resource distribution and social organisms

temporal and habitat isolation are classified as what types of reproductive barriers? a. gametic barriers b. prezygotic barriers c. postzygotic barriers d. homozygotic barriers

b. prezygotic barriers

habitat corridors are a. large, isolate nature preserves b. small strips of land which connect two large preserves c. areas that require protection from poachers d. not a feasible solution in heavily urbanized areas because they require large land areas to be effective

b. small strips of land which connect two large preserves

The heart of amphibians has ____ chambers, the heats of birds and mammals have ____ chambers a. two; three b. three; four c. two; four d. three; five e. three; two

b. three; four

which of the following is an example of negative assorted mating? a. courtship rituals attract a male b. women preferring the scent of men that have different alleles for the major histocompatibility complex c. inbreeding d. the biggest, strongest males mate with more families than smaller, weaker ones

b. women preferring the scent of meant hat have different alleles for major histocompatibility complex

an ecosystem is a. a group of organisms of the same species in a similar geographic proximity b. a group of organisms from many species that interact with one another c. a group of organisms from many different species and their abiotic environments in a particular area, such as a forest d. the entire are on earth where life is found flourishing

c. a group of organisms from many different species

There are four major components of soil listed below, one of which has the incorrect percentage. which one is incorrect? a. Mineral content, 45% b. Water content, 25% c. Air and gases, 5% d. organic matter 5%

c. air and gases, 5%

Which of the following characteristics about animals is false? a. animals are consumers b. animals have specialized cells c. animals cannot respond to stimuli d. animals are multicellular eukaryotes e. animals have a life cycle of development

c. animals cannot respond to stimuli

when comparing two areas, one with serpentine soils and one with nonserpentine soils, which area will have the greatest biodiversity a. serpentine soils b. non serpentine soils c. area between these two soil types d. both will have equal biodiversity

c. area between two soil types

One of the major structures of the care layer is in the stigma. which role? a. produces ovules b. produces pollen c. area for pollen to drop and pollen tube growth to begin d. attract pollinators e. area of pollen tube extension

c. area for pollen to drop and pollen tube growth to begin

which of the below are living descendants of the dinosaurs a. marsupials b. monotremes c. birds d. mammals e. amphibians

c. birds

the protist group that seems to be the closest living group to the animal kingdom is a. plasmodial slime mold b. cellular slime mold c. choanoflagellate d. foraminiferan e. alveolate

c. choanoflagellate

In the estuary area, you are most likely to find salt marshes in ___ climates while you will find mangroves in ___ climates a. cool cool b. warm warm c. cool warm d. warm cool

c. cool, warm

In-situ conservation strategies include a. captive breeding program in zoos b. studying the pollination of endangered plants in a herbarium c. designating large areas of land as nature preserves d. cloning pandas, which do not reproduce in captivity

c. designating large areas of lans as nature preserves

Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct, sexually compatible nuclei within each cell are described as: a. twins b. couplets c. dikaryotic d. polykaryotic e. double hyphae

c. dikaryotic

Due to our increasing ability to analyze DNA sequences and other molecule data of organisms, scientists are more often classifying organisms accurately by their a. structural differences b. structural similarities c. evolutionary history d. selective adaptations e. behavioral similarities

c. evolutionary history

which group of plants bears a naked seed? a. bryophytes b. seedless vascular plants c. gymnosperms d. angiosperms e. none of the above

c. gymnospores

the area which is exposed to air during low tide and covered by water in high tide is referred to as a. estuaries b. freshwater wetlands c. intertidal zone d. continental seas e. subtotal zone

c. intertidal zone

climate change a. is happening for the first time in the earth's history b. will not have a major impact on most species c. is happening at an accelerated rate most likely due to human activity such as burning fossil fuel d. is something we shouldn't worry about because we'll all be dead before real problems hit e. a conspiracy from Al gore's bitter ass

c. is happening at an accelerated rate most likely due to human activity such as burning fossil fuel

In the leaves, which cell layer is responsible for most, if not all, of the photosynthetic output? a. epidermis b. cuticle c. mesophyll d. bundle sheath

c. mesophyll

a consumer which feeds on both animal and plant matter is referred to as a. herbivore b. carnivore c. omnivore d. decomposer e. vegan

c. omnivore

which of the following seeds is unique to the angiosperms? a. seed coat b. double fertilization event c. ovary develops into fruit d. diploid zygote e. cones surrounding the seeds

c. ovary develops into fruit

what is the primary function of a leaf? a. conduct water b. reproduction c. photosynthesis d. transport of sugars e. attract pollinators

c. photosynthesis

which best describes cation exchange? a. plants pump cations into soil, freeing H+ from soil particles which can diffuse into plants b. plants actively secure cations using specialized proteins c. plants pump out H+ into soil, freeing other cations from soil particles to diffuse into roots d. cations passively diffuse into plant cells

c. plants pump H+ out into soil, freeing other cations

Cross-pollination refers to a. pollination of a stigma by a pollen from the same flower/plant b. development of suckers via asexual reproduction c. pollination of a stigma by a pollen grain from a different plant d. grafting of one plant's stem to another

c. pollination of a stigma by a pollen grain from a different plant

A ___ consists of all the individuals of a same species that inhabit a particular place at the same time: a. family b. genotype c. population d. ecosystem e. community

c. population

Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape off rocks? a. chelicerae b. pupa c. radula d. beak e. shell

c. radula

biogeographers study a. an ecosystem in an isolated area b. factors which create boundaries between species c. relationship between forest size and biodiversity d. interaction between organisms in the same populations e. interactions between organisms in different populations

c. relationship between forest size and biodiversity

the type of biodiversity which refers to the number of species in an ecosystem is known as a. genetic diversity b. ecosystem diversity c. species richness d. allelic diversity e. minimum viable populations

c. species richness

What will microsporangia ultimately give rise to? a. eggs b. spores c. sperm d. ovules e. a seedling

c. sperm

which tissue layer contains the vascular elements in the roots? a. root hairs b. epidermis c. stele d. bundle sheath e. aquaporins

c. stele

whitetail deer have their mating season in October, while mule deer have their mating season in august. this is an example of: a. sexual isolation b. gametic isolation c. temporal isolation d. behavioral isolation e. mechanical isolation

c. temporal isolation

most protists are ___, with each cell forming a complete organism capable of preforming all the functions characteristic of life a. parasitic b. colonial c. unicellular d. autotrophic e. multicellular

c. unicellular

which classification would contain the lease number of species? a. class b. order c. family d. domain e. phylum

c.family

what is moved through a plant during transpiration? a. water b. minerals c. photosynthates d. A and B only e. A, B, and C are moved this way

d. A and B only

the most significant difference between archaea and bacteria is the a. lack of a nuclear envelope in archaea b. absence of 70S ribosomes in bacteria c. presence of a single filament flagellum in bacteria d. absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of archaea e. presence of specific fatty acids in the plasma membranes of archaea

d. absence of peptidoglycans in cell walls of archaea

the area of the ocean that receives zero light from the sun is referred to as a. continental seas b. euphotic zone c. bathyal zone d. abyssal zone

d. abyssal zone

Which of the following adaptations help land plants acquire and conserve water> a. deep taproots b. open/close stoma c. waxy cuticle d. all of the above

d. all of the above

which of the following include important ecological roles of bacteria? a. Nitrogen fixation and nitrification b. recycling decaying organic matter c. production of O2 via photosynthesis d. all of the above

d. all of the above

biodiversity can refer to a. genetic variability in a species b. the number of species in an area c. the number of ecosystems in an earth d. all of the above are different types of biodiversity

d. all of the above are different types of biodiversity

What benefits does a small brush fire provide for an ecosystem: a. returns minerals to soil b. clear space in underbrush for new plants to emerge c. reduce dry litter to prevent catastrophic fire d. all of the above are true

d. all of the above are true

What is the primary role of the petal? a. produce the pollen b. produce the ovule c. protect young fragile during development d. attract pollinators e. both A and B are the roles

d. attract pollinators

Which of the following molecular characterizations are false: a. bacteria do not contain a double fusion gene in their genomes b. archaea and some eukaryotes contain a double fusion gene in their genome c. the unikonts contain a triple fusion gene even in their genomes, the only supergroup to have such d. bacteria and archaea do not contain a double fusion event in their genomes e. some eukaryotes contain a double fusion gene and the rest contain a triple fusion gene

d. bacteria and archaea do not contain a double fusion event in their genomes

the amount of energy received from the sun a. is greatest at the equator b. is greatest at the poles c. changes greatly in the higher latitudes with the season d. both A and C are true e. none of the above

d. both A and C are true

Which of the following describes the dominant generation of gymnosperms and angiosperms? a. gymno in gametophyte, angio in sporophyte b. gymno in sporo, angio in gameto c. both in gametophyte d. both in sporophyte

d. both in sporophyte

The maximum number of organisms an environment can support for a long period of time is a. infinite b. always matched with the current population c. never changing d. the carrying capacity

d. carrying capacity

a bloom of algae when excess nutrients enter the water is referred to as a. exponential growth b. logistic growth c. exceeding the carrying capacity of the environment d. eutrophication

d. eutrophication

____ is thought to be the most recent common ancestor of plants a. red algae b. diatoms c. euglenoids d. green algae e. dinoflagellates

d. green algae

all mammals: a. have nipples b. give birth to live young c. have three chambered hearts d. have mammary glands e. all of the above

d. have mammary glands

according to the biological species concept, a species consists of one or more populations whose members do not ___ with members of other species a. hunt b. feed c. migrate d. interbreed e. communicate

d. interbreed

the amphibians, and all other terrestrial vertebrates, are believed to have arisen from ancestral a. cartilaginous fishes b. actinopterygian fishes c. reptiles d. lungfish e. amphibians

d. lungfish

Jellyfish, at maturity, are described as having the ____ body form, while corals at maturity are at the ___ form a. medusa; medusa b. polyp; polyp c. polyp; medusa d. medusa; polyp

d. medusa; polyp

which eukaryotic organelles likely arose from symbiotic relationships between larger cells and bacteria? a. nuclei b. endoplasmic reticulum c. vacuoles and chloroplasts d. mitochondria and chloroplasts e. mitochondria and Golgi complexe

d. mitochondria and chloroplasts

what are the two major forces contributing to allopatric speciation? a. genetic drift and mutation b. natural selection and migration c. mutation and natural selection d. natural selection and genetic drift e. nonrandom mating and migration

d. natural selection and genetic drift

which new technology has been key in identifying the phylogeny of archaea and bacteria? a. cytoplasm composition via biochemistry b. morphological difference via standard microscopy c. habitat analysis via microbial ecology d. rRNA comparisons via molecular biology

d. rRNA comparisons via molecular biology

Which is critical to earthworm locomotion? a. jointed appendages b. parapodia c. tentacles d. setae e. fins

d. setae

primary source of energy in terrestrial ecosystem a. chemical energy b. electrical energy c. geothermal energy d. solar energy e. volcanic energy

d. solar energy

adult tunicates resemble ___ and are ___ a. eels; carnivorous b. corals; photosynthetic c. starfish; carnivorous d. sponges; filter feeders e. earthworms; detritovores

d. sponges, filter feeders

which structure is used to help regulate the buoyancy of fish? a. kidney b. stomach c. intestine d. swim bladder e. ureter

d. swim bladder

Which of the following are common strategies for dispersing pollen? a. via animals like bees and hummingbirds b. relying on the wind to disperse c. explosive dehiscence d. all of the above e. A and B only

e. A and B only

an r-selective species a. has a very large number of offspring b. hits reproductive age early in life c. usually produces very small sized offspring d. none of the above are true, they describe K species e. A, B, and C are true

e. A, B, and C are ture

Which of the following are the major reservoirs of water on earth? a. the atmosphere b. the ocean c. lakes, rivers, and streams d. glaciers e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Which of the following make a species vulnerable to extinction a. specialized breeding and nutrition requirements b. living on a small, isolated island c. requiring a vast territory d. low breeding success e. all of the above

e. all of the above

what function(s) do roots serve? a. absorb water from the soil b. absorb cations from soil c. anchor a plant firmly to soil d. breakdown soil into smaller particles e. all of the above

e. all of the above

when the industrial revolution happened, peppered moths made a rapid shift in color from white to black bodies and wings. this observation is an example of a. natural selection b. directional selection c. microevolution d. allele frequency shift e. all of the above

e. all of the above

which of the following are major layers that can be found in a flower? a. sepal b. petal c. stamen d. carpel e. all of the above

e. all of the above

which of the following is true about seeds? a. they contain an embryo and endosperm b. they are more robust than spores c. a seed coat protects them from the outside environment d. they can survive at a very low water content e. all of the above

e. all of the above

which of the following traits do angiosperms contain? a. vascular tissue b. true seeds c. fruit surrounding the seed d. true flowers e. all of the above

e. all of the above

which trait(s) occur in some point of the life cycle of the chordates? a. notochord with anterior brain b. muscular postanal tail c. dorsal, tubular nerve cord d. pharyngeal slits e. all of the above

e. all of the above

The study of ecology a. involves studying interactions between different organisms of the same species b. involves studying interactions between organisms of different species c. may involve studying interactions of organisms with their abiotic environment d. may study the impact of global trends, such as climate change, on a community of organisms e. all of the above are forms of ecological research

e. all of the above are forms of ecological research

Which of the following are true about unikonts? a. they contain a triple fusion gene in their genomes b. they contain the traditional animal kingdom c. they contain the traditional fungi kingdom d. amoebas, which have pseudopods, are examples of protist unikonts e. all of the above are true

e. all of the above are true

restoration ecology a. seeks to return environments to their states before human activity begins in an area b. can take decades to see positive results c. has the potential to increase biodiversity in an area d. has the potential to help endangered species in an area without any other intervention e. all of the above are true

e. all of the above are true

which feature do all mollusks possess? a. radula b. muscular foot c. organs concentrated in a visceral mass d. body wall forms pair of folds called mantle, where gills or lungs can be found e. all of the above are true

e. all of the above are true

which of the following is true about archaeplasids? a. they contain a double fusion gene product in their genome b. they are though to include modern land plants c. they contain chloroplasts which are thought to descend from a common ancestor d. representative species include the red and the green algae e. all of the above are true

e. all of the above are true

which statement about allopolyploidity is true? a. many flowering plant species are allopolyploids b. allopolyploidity can result in a new, reproductively isolated species in just one generation c. the hydra may assume a new role in the environment and so coexist with the parent species d. the hybrid may have a combination of traits conferring greater fitness than the parent species e. all of the above are true

e. all of the above are true

which of the following traits are unique to the angiosperm? a. flowers as reproductive organs b. ovary develops into fruit c. pollination occurs in the stigma d. petals e. all of the above are unique

e. all of the above are unique

Linnaeus developed scientific classification by developing: a. clades b. kingdoms c. supergroups d. phylogenetic trees e. binomial nomenclature

e. binomial nomenclature

which of the following are potential routes for water to enter the vascular bundle of the roots? a. symplastic space b. apoplastic space c. casparian strip d. endodermis e. A and B

e. both A and B

The MOST important factors in climate are a. temperature b. precipitation c. latitude d. species present e. both A and B are extremely important

e. both A and B are extremely important

which processes contribute to atmospheric CO2 a. combustion b. cellular respiration c. photosynthesis d. fossil fuel formation by ancient plant matter e. both A and B increase CO2

e. both A and B increase CO2

the surface of a paramecium is covered with thousands of short, hair-like a. fimbriae b. pseudopods c. trichomes d. flagella e. cilia

e. cilia

In small isolated populations, gene frequencies can fluctuate considerably compared to frequencies in the general population. the term that applies to this circumstance is a. genetic isolation b. allelic separation c. natural selection d. stabilizing selection e. genetic drift

e. genetic drift

most mollusks are a. found in freshwater b. terrestrial c. parasitic d. arboreal e. marine

e. marine

Which statement about mycorrhizae is false? a. they are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a plant root b. they increase the uptake of nutrient minerals by the plant c. arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular d. endomycorhizae are intracellular e. members of the clomeromycota may be involved

e. members of the clomeromycota may be involved

which model would predict the abrupt appearance of a new species in the fossil record, with little or no evidence of intermediate form? a. anagenesis b. gradualism c. microevolution d. paedomorphosis e. punctuated equilibrium

e. punctuated equilibrium

the human population is experiencing a J shaped growth curve, this means a. population is in a decline b. population is stable, not changing at all c. population is rising, but will stabilize soon d. population will go extinct soon e. the population will grow exponentially

e. the population will grow exponentially