Biology 1 - Chapters 1-4
Carbohydrate molecules: A.) serve as structural components of human cell walls. B.) form the regulatory compounds known as enzymes. C.) are a source of energy. D.) help protect vital organs from damage. E.) contain the genetic information of a cell.
C
Which component becomes oxidized in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
Fe
Proteins with alpha-helical forms exhibit this property:
elasticity
A glycoprotein destined for secretion from the cell would move through the Golgi complex in this sequence: A.) cis face to medial region to trans face B.) trans face to cis face to medial region C.) trans face to medial region to cis face D.) cis face to trans face to medial region E.) medial face to trans face to cis face
A
Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic because: A.) the covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar. B.) they contain oxygen atoms. C.) they exist as isomers. D.) the covalent bonds between carbon atoms are polar. E.) the hydrogen bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar.
A
Membrane-bounded organelles facilitate faster chemical reactions because: A.) reactants are within close proximity to each other. B.) membranes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. C.) membrane-bounded organelles act as catalysts for biochemical reactions. D.) reactants move faster within membrane-bounded organelles. E.) reactants are less likely to encounter each other within membrane-bounded organelles.
A
The difference between an electrically neutral atom and an ion is that: A.) an ion has an unequal number of protons and electrons, while an atom has an equal number. B.) an ion has an equal number of protons and electrons, while an atom has an unequal number. C.) an atom has an unequal number of neutrons and protons, while an ion has an equal number. D.) an atom has its electrons in orbitals, while an ion has its electrons in its nucleus. E.) an atom must have an equal number of neutrons and electrons, while an ion does not.
A
The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol will yield: A.) three fatty acids and one glycerol. B.) three glycerols and one fatty acid. C.) two fatty acids and three glycerols. D.) one fatty acid, one amino acid, and one glucose. E.) one fatty acid, one phosphate, and one glycerol.
A
The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their: A.) R or variable groups. B.) number of potassium groups. C.) number of phosphate groups. D.) number of carbonyl groups. E.) number of amino acids.
A
The theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria had their evolutionary beginnings in eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts is supported by all of the following EXCEPT: A.) chloroplasts and mitochondria do NOT interact with or depend on any of the other cellular components. B.) chloroplasts and mitochondria have DNA. C.) chloroplasts and mitochondria have small ribosomes for protein synthesis. D.) chloroplasts and mitochondria are approximately the same size as prokaryotic cells. E.) chloroplasts and mitochondria grow and reproduce themselves rather than being secreted from another part of the cell.
A
What is the OH- concentration of a solution having a pH of 2? A.) 1*10^-12 B.) 1*10^-10 C.) 1*10^-7 D.) 1*10^-2 E.) 1*10^-1
A
Which of the following is not a property of carbon? A.) Carbon-to-carbon bonds are limited to single bonds. B.) Carbon has four valence electrons. C.) Carbon can form bonds to various other atoms. D.) Two carbon atoms can share three electron pairs with each other. E.) Carbon-to-carbon bonds are strong.
A
Which of the following represents the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystem? A.) from producers to consumers to decomposers B.) from decomposers to producers to consumers C.) from consumers to producers to decomposers D.) from decomposers to consumers to producers E.) from producers to decomposers to consumers
A
Which of the following statements is not correct? A.) Water heats up and cools down very quickly. B.) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 °C is one calorie. C.) Due to hydrogen bonds, water has a high surface tension. D.) Large bodies of water have relatively constant temperatures. E.) When one gram of water evaporates, it removes heat.
A
The covalent bond between a hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom in water is formed when: A.) hydrogen gains an electron from oxygen. B.) hydrogen and oxygen share an electron pair. C.) hydrogen and oxygen both lose electrons from their outer shells. D.) hydrogen and oxygen both gain electrons in their outer shells. E.) hydrogen gains an electron from oxygen.
B
The difference between a stable isotope and a radioisotope is that: A.) the stable isotope emits radiation. B.) the radioisotope emits radiation. C.) the stable isotope emits light. D.) the stable isotope absorbs radiation. E.) the radioisotope has an unequal number of protons and electrons.
B
The molecular mass of C6H12O6 is 180 amu. 0.25 moles of this substance contain: A.) 180 daltons. B.) 45 g. C.) 1.8 g. D.) 45 daltons. E.) 180
B
The term sampling error refers to inaccuracies in an experiment due to: A.) a malfunctioning calculator. B.) the test being conducted on a very small population of test subjects C.) a poorly designed hypothesis. D.) the scientist knowing which individuals were in the experimental group. E.) having both an experimental and a control group.
B
Which of the following is NOT a term related to information transfer in living systems? A.) genes B.) taxon C.) proteins D.) neurotransmitters E.) hormones
B
Which one of the following is a characteristic of asexual, as opposed to sexual, reproduction? A.) fusion of egg and sperm B.) a cell splitting in half C.) genes contributed by two parents D.) high degree of genetic variation E.) formation of a fertilized egg
B
A molecule of a saturated triacylglycerol contains: A.) the maximum number of double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains. B.) the maximum number of triple bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains. C.) the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains. D.) fatty acid chains with both amino and carboxyl groups. E.) alternating single and double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains.
C
ATP is important in living organisms because: A.) like all other nucleic acids, it stores hereditary information. B.) like RNA, it acts as a source code for the formation of proteins. C.) it can transfer some of its energy to other chemicals and thus serves as the primary energy currency of all cells. D.) it is an important structural component of cell membranes. E.) it is easily converted to starch for long-term storage.
C
An element is defined as a substance that: A.) is composed of more than one kind of atom. B.) is held together by covalent bonds. C.) cannot be broken into simpler substances by chemical reactions. D.) cannot burn. E.) is soluble in both acid and base.
C
As a result of testing an experimental drip on a vertebrate cell, you notice that the cell cortex becomes more fluid, and although the cell remains strong, it loses its ability to move. Based on this evidence, you correctly conclude that the drug most directly affected: A.) a-tubulin. B.) b-tubulin. C.) actin filaments. D.) myosin. E.) intermediate filaments.
C
Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than either the human eye or any light microscope because: A.) of their higher magnification. B.) the lenses used are of much higher quality. C.) of the very short (nanometer) wavelengths of electrons. D.) the images are viewed on screens, rather than directly using an eyepiece or ocular lens. E.) it can be used to view stained or living cells.
C
Glucose dissolves in water because: A.) it ionizes. B.) it is a polysaccharide. C.) it has polar hydroxyl groups that interact with polar water molecules. D.) it has a very reactive primary structure. E.) it is hydrophobic.
C
One strategy that allows larger cells to have an effective surface area to volume ratio is: A.) having a completely spherical shape. B.) being short and fat. C.) having thin, finger-like projections. D.) having a thinner plasma membrane. E.) locomotion.
C
When a chemical reaction is at dynamic equilibrium: A.) the forward reaction is going faster. B.) the reverse reaction is going faster. C.) the forward and reverse reactions are proceeding at equal rates. D.) the forward reaction stops. E.) the reverse reaction stops.
C
When a small amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution does not change markedly. The pH also does not change drastically when a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to this same solution. Based on these observations, the compound Na2HPO4 is: A.) able to donate hydrogen atoms to HCl. B.) able to remove hydrogen ions from the OH- of NaOH. C.) acting as a buffer. D.) an enzyme facilitating the reaction between HCl and NaOH. E.) acting as a solvent.
C
Which of the following is NOT a concept or term related to evolution? A.) adaptation B.) genetic mutation C.) cellular respiration D.) gene pool E.) natural selection
C
Which of the following is NOT a major theme of biology? A.) The flow of energy through the biological system. B.) The evolution of life. C.) The mechanisms of disease. D.) The transmission of information.
C
Which of the following is the most basic level of chemical organization? A.) cell B.) molecule C.) atom D.) tissue E.) organism
C
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? A.) chloroplast-storage of enzymes B.) lysosome-powerhouse of the cell C.) centrosome-cell division D.) plastids-structural support of the cell E.) Golgi complex-production of energy
C
Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between RNA and DNA? A.) RNA is a protein and DNA is a nucleic acid. B.) DNA is a polymer and RNA is a monomer. C.) DNA comprises the genes, while RNA is a direct participant in the process of protein synthesis. D.) RNA is a single-stranded form of DNA. E.) DNA is the primary energy currency of all cells.
C
Which of the following statements concerning centrioles is FALSE? A.) They are present in most animal cells but not most plant cells. B.) They are duplicated before cell division. C.) They have a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules. D.) They are found in the centrosome. E.) They are thought to play a role in microtubule assembly.
C
Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is correct? A.) They are more common in animals. B.) They have no double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. C.) They are generally liquid at room temperature. D.) They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. E.) They have fewer fatty acids per fat molecule than do saturated fats.
C
Which of the following stimuli most directly causes the Venus flytrap to catch an insect? A.) gravity B.) light C.) touch D.) scent E.) sound
C
Which of the following structures or activities is NOT directly part of the endomembrane system? A.) budding B.) lysosomes C.) ribosomes D.) vesicles E.) Golgi complex
C
Which one of the following carbohydrates is the most structurally complex? A.) sucrose B.) fructose C.) cellulose D.) glucose E.) a disaccharide
C
Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits? A.) polysaccharide-peptide bond B.) triacylglycerol-glycosidic linkage C.) nucleic acid-phosphodiester linkage D.) protein-ester linkage E.) steroid-peptide bond
C
You isolate a cellular structure and determine that it is composed of a-tubulin and b-tubulin. Based on this evidence, you correctly identify this structure as: A.) a structural MAP. B.) a microfilament. C.) a microtubule. D.) an actin filament. E.) a myosin filament.
C
Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature, corn is named Zea mays. In this name, the specific epithet is: A.) Zea mays. B.) Zea. C.) mays. D.) Quercus. E.) corn.
C.)
Differential centrifugation is a process that: A.) separates different components of the cell that function differently. B.) separates components of the cell that have a different chemical makeup. C.) analyzes the chemical components of the cell. D.) separates components of the cell that have different densities. E.) allows researchers to view the contents of the cells.
D
Some white blood cells can engulf bacteria. The engulfed bacteria are encased in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane. This vesicle fuses with a primary lysosome. The new combined vesicle is now called a secondary lysosome. The reason for forming a secondary lysosome is: A.) to introduce antibodies to the bacteria in the secondary lysosome. B.) to wrap the pathogen in additional membrane, rendering them harmless. C.) to coat the bacteria in lipids derived from the Golgi complex, which cover and smother them. D.) to mix the pathogens with strong hydrolytic enzymes and destroy them. E.) to prepare the bacteria for export from the body.
D
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living organisms? A.) adaptation to their environment B.) reproduction C.) response to stimuli D.)multicellularity E.) metabolism
D
Which of the following is NOT true of hormones? A.) They are found in multicellular organisms. B.) They are chemical messengers. C.) They regulate development. D.) They are a type of gene. E.) They regulate growth.
D
Which of the following is NOT true of proteins? A.) They determine the structure and function of cells and tissues. B.) They function as receptors. C.) They function in recognition. D.) They contain the code or the "recipe" for making other molecules that are important for life processes. E.) They enable cells to communicate.
D
Which of the following is responsible for the alpha-helical structure of proteins? A.) hydrophobic interactions B.) nonpolar covalent bonds C.) ionic interactions D.) hydrogen bonds E.) polar covalent bonds
D
Which of the following is(are) composed of a gluelike polysaccharide called pectin and is located between the primary walls of adjacent plant cells? A.) intermediate filaments B.) myosin C.) actin filaments D.) middle lamella E.) secondary wall
D
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A.) The 1st principal energy level contains 1 orbital. B.) The 2nd principal energy level contains 4 orbitals. C.) The 1st principal energy level contains a maximum of 2 electrons. D.) The 2nd energy level contains a maximum of 10 electrons. E.) The 2nd energy level contains 1 spherical orbital and 3 dumbbell-shaped orbitals..
D
Which scientist first viewed living cells? A.) Robert Hooke B.) Matthias Schleiden C.) Theodor Schwann D.) Anton van Leeuwenhoek E.) August Weismann
D
You want to determine the location of a specific protein in a cell using a colored stain. Which of the following is the best technique for this purpose? A.) electron microscopy B.) phase contrast microscopy C.) bright-field microscopy D.) fluorescence microscopy E.) dark-field microscopy
D
In all organisms, hereditary information is encoded within __________ molecules.
DNA
A eukaryotic cell: A.) is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell. B.) has its DNA concentrated in one area of the cell without a nuclear membrane. C.) typically has a cell wall, in addition to a plasma membrane. D.) is exemplified by bacteria. E.) has a variety of membranous organelles.
E
All of the following functions are performed by plant vacuoles EXCEPT: A.) maintaining hydrostatic (turgor) pressure. B.) waste storage and recycling. C.) storage of proteins. D.) breakdown of unneeded cellular materials. E.) storage of nucleic acids.
E
How many molecules are present in one mole of C6H12O6? A.) 1.7 ´ 10^-10 molecules B.) 1.3 ´ 10^10 molecules C.) 24 molecules D.) 1.7 ´ 10^22 molecules E.) 6.02 ´ 10^23 molecules
E
If glycine and alanine undergo condensation, the new bond that is formed is between the: A.) oxygen of the R group and the hydrogen of the amino group. B.) carbon of the R group and the nitrogen of the amino group. C.) carbon of the carboxyl group and the hydrogen of the R group. D.) carbon of the carboxyl group and the hydrogen of the amino group. E.) carbon of the carboxyl group and the nitrogen of the amino group.
E
If you partially hydrogenate oleic acid, the resulting molecule most likely would: A.) decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. B.) contain more double bonds. C.) lose a carbon atom. D.) lose a carboxyl group. E.) have a double bond changed from cis to trans.
E
In a chemical reaction, the product is: A.) generally written on the right side of the equation. B.) always in equilibrium with the reactants. C.) the substance that is generated by the reaction. D.) joined by an ionic bond only. E.) generally written on the right side and is the substance generated by the reaction.
E
In the formation of common table salt, sodium and chlorine interact because: A.) sodium and chlorine share a pair of electrons. B.) sodium and chlorine share two pairs of electrons. C.) chlorine donates seven electrons to sodium. D.) there is no electron exchange. E.) sodium donates one electron to chlorine.
E
Radioisotopes are used in all of the following scientific applications except: A.) dating fossils. B.) determining the sequence of genetic information in DNA. C.) localization of a drug, such as marijuana. D.) the treatment of cancer. E.) measuring the pH of the blood.
E
Table salt dissolves easily in water because: A.) water can form covalent linkages with salt molecules. B.) water can remove electrons from the chloride ion, which causes the latter to dissociate from the sodium and dissolve. C.) water can add electrons to the sodium ion. D.) water is polar and salt is nonpolar. Nonpolar compounds are more soluble in polar solvents because they are able to form strong covalent bonds that result in a breaking up of the molecule being dissolved. E.) the partial positive charge of the hydrogens in the water molecule can associate with the negative charge of the chloride ion, and the partial negative charge of the oxygen of the water molecule can associate with the positive charge of the sodium atom.
E
The domain Eukarya includes all of the following EXCEPT: A.) protozoa. B.) mushrooms. C.) bears. D.) mosses. E.) bacteria.
E
The scanning electron microscope differs from the transmission electron microscope in that the scanning electron microscope: A.) can view a live specimen. B.) relies on the detection of electrons from the beam after contact with the specimens. C.) can view the internal structure of a cell. D.) utilizes a beam of light that passes through the specimen. E.) gives a three dimensional image of the object being studied.
E
Which of the following descriptions or structures does NOT match the cell type? A.) Sperm cells have flagella. B.) Nerve cells have long, thin extensions. C.) Epithelial cells are rectangular. D.) White blood cells can change shape. E.) Smallest cell are egg cells.
E
Which of the following is NOT a concept or term related to the flow of energy through living systems? A.) cellular respiration B.) consumers C.) decomposers D.) photosynthesis E.) sexual reproduction
E
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of Burchell's zebras to their environment? A.) camouflage B.) a unique stomach C.) behavioral activities D.) stripes E.) asexual reproduction
E
Which of the following is NOT true of lipids? A.) They store energy. B.) They function as structural components of cellular membranes. C.) They function as hormones. D.) They are nonpolar. E.) They have many oxygen-containing functional groups.
E
Which of the following is produced via the process of cellular respiration? A.) oxygen. B.) light. C.) food molecules. D.) sugars. E.) carbon dioxide.
E
Which of the following molecules is not grouped with the lipids? A.) prostaglandins. B.) steroids. C.) cholesterol. D.) carotenoids. E.) glycoproteins
E
Which of the following statements concerning steroids is FALSE? A.) They can function as hormones. B.) They are exemplified by cholesterol. C.) They consist of four attached carbon rings. D.) They are synthesized from isoprene units. E.) They are always detrimental to living organisms.
E
Which of these terms is most inclusive? A.) monosaccharide B.) starch C.) polysaccharide D.) disaccharide E.) carbohydrate
E
A salt is a compound in which the hydrogen ion of __________ is replaced by some other cation.
an acid
When tissues organize into functional structures they form:
an organ
The cell theory states that all living organisms:
are composed of basic units called cells
These synthesize complex molecules from CO2, water, and energy?
autotrophs
Evidence that all living cells have a common origin is provided by:
basic similarities in cell structure and chemistry
Identify the chemical(s) that act(s) as a buffer in human blood:
bicarbonate
The science of life is:
biology
Biological growth involves an increase in:
both the number and size of cells
One function of peroxisomes involves the process of:
detoxification
Organisms that are sessile as adults:
do not move from place to place
True or False: When you use deductive reasoning you draw conclusions from specific observations.
false
Evaporative cooling is a process whereby __________ moving __________ molecules vaporize, thus __________ large amounts of heat.
fast; water; removing
If we want to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, we would need to establish both experimental and control groups. The experimental group has all the following: soil, fertilizer, water, sun, and zucchini seeds. The control group for this experiment would have all of the same components except:
fertilizer
An atom has six protons and eight neutrons. Its atomic mass is __________ atomic mass units.
fourteen
To what group do I belong? I am neither prokaryotic nor photosynthetic, and I obtain nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into my environment.
fungi
Information in living organisms can be transmitted by:
genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters
A carbohydrate energy storage molecule found in animal liver and muscle cells is:
glycogen
Proteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within the:
golgi body
The __________ can be considered a sorting, processing and packaging center.
golgi body
The highly polarized nature of compounds containing carboxyl groups can be attributed to the presence of two:
highly electronegative oxygen atoms
If a particular protein were being produced in excess of the cell's needs, then __________ mechanisms intervene to stop production.
homestatic
The process whereby water molecules surround ions during the process of dissolving is called:
hydration
The cohesiveness between water molecules is due largely to:
hydrogen bonds
The ratio of the size of the image seen with the microscope to the actual size of the object is called:
magnification
Homeostasis in living organisms involves processes that:
maintain a constant internal environment
In living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as:
metabolism
Cilia and flagella are most directly involved in:
movement
Isotopes differ from each other with respect to the number of:
neutrons
This molecule transmits heredity information:
nucleic acid
When a nucleic acid undergoes hydrolysis, the resulting subunits are:
nucleotides
A single cell in a smoker's lung has become cancerous. It doubles its DNA and divides much faster than a normal lung cell. The most likely change that would have caused this condition took place in the:
nucleus
The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the:
number of valence electrons
Chlorine has seven electrons in its valence shell. The number of electrons it must gain to complete its valence shell is:
one
As you move one step higher in the hierarchical classification system, similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same:
order
Molecular chaperones are proteins that mediate the folding process of:
other proteins
If an organism is eukaryotic, then by definition it will:
possess a nucleus
In the deductive approach to scientific thought processes, we begin with __________ and make __________ based on that information.
premises; conclusions
DNA most directly determines which __________ are made by a cell.
proteins
Which covalent bond involves only 2 electrons:
single
It takes 1 calorie of heat to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at sea level. This is referred to as the __________ of water.
specific heat
The chemical interactions of large organic molecules are largely determined by:
their functional group
Any chemical interaction between atoms involves only:
valence electrons
A stalk of celery is placed in a solution of blue colored dye. After one hour, the leaves have blue fluid in their veins. Which property of water is being demonstrated? A.) adhesion and cohesion B.) evaporation and cooling C.) lower density as a solid than as a liquid D.) high specific heat E.) surface tension
A
Analysis of a certain polymer shows that it contains phosphate groups, ribose sugars, and pyrimidines. Based on this information, which of the following is the best description of this compound? A.) It is most likely ribonucleic acid. B.) It is DNA. C.) It is an inorganic compound. D.) It contains thymine. E.) It is a polypeptide.
A
Identify the hydrogen ion concentration that represents the lowest pH from the following list: A.) 1*10^-3 B.) 1*10^-4 C.) 1*10^-7 D.) 1*10^-11 E.) 1*10^-14
A
If a toxin, such as a bacterial toxin, destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first? A.) protein synthesis B.) DNA synthesis C.) movement D.) energy storage E.) active transport
A
At what temperature is water most dense?
4 degrees C
A good hypothesis:
is falsifiable
True or False: Similar orders are placed in the same class.
true
An individual flattened membrane within the chloroplast is called the: A.) stroma B.) thylakoid C.) granum D.) intermembrane space E.) inner membrane
B
The cis face of the Golgi complex is most directly involved in which of the following? A.) packaging molecules in vesicles B.) accepting vesicles from the ER C.) synthesizing proteins D.) transporting molecules out of the Golgi E.) catalyzing the efficient folding of proteins
B
Which of the following elements is NOT responsible for a significant portion of the mass of living organisms? A.) O B.) S C.) N D.) H E.) C
B
Which of the following is a key component of the cytoskeleton? A.) chloroplasts B.) microtubules C.) DNA D.) ribosomes E.) endoplasmic reticulum
B
A solution having a pH of 6 would: A.) have equal concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. B.) have a higher concentrations of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions. C.) be slightly acidic. D.) be slightly basic. E.) be neutral.
C
This characteristic of a molecule determines the ability of hydrogen bonds to form between it and hydrogen: A.) A nonpolar atom. B.) An atom with a partial positive charge. C.) An atom with a partial negative charge. D.) A hydrophobic molecule. E.) An atom with a filled valence shell.
C
A covalent bond: A.) forms only between identical atoms. B.) involves a sharing of only one pair of electrons. C.) is always polar. D.) may be polar or nonpolar depending on the atoms involved. E.) always forms between identical molecules.
D
A chemical reaction in which monomers become covalently linked and thus synthesizes polymers from their building blocks is called:
condensation
The ultimate source of genetic variation within a population is:
mutations in DNA
The formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water occurs in the portion of the chloroplast called the:
stroma
The representation H-O-H is known as:
structural formula
Reductionism refers to the method of investigating structures by
studying the parts of the structures
One benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that:
variation
The difference between a hexose and a pentose is that: A.) a hexose is saturated, and a pentose is undersaturated. B.) a hexose is hydrophilic, and a pentose is hydrophobic. C.) a hexose always has six hydroxyl groups, and a pentose always has five. D.) a hexose always has six carbons, but a pentose always has five carbons.
D
A pH of 4 is __________ times more __________ than a pH of 7.
1000; acidic
Which of the following statements is true of proteins? A.) Proteins lose some or all of their normal activity if their three-dimensional structure is disrupted. B.) Proteins are composed of ribose, phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base. C.) The activity of proteins is independent of temperature and pH. D.) Denaturation is usually reversible. E.) All proteins are enzymes.
A
Which pair is mismatched? A.) monosaccharide-maltose B.) disaccharide-sucrose C.) polysaccharide-cellulose D.) hexose-glucose E.) pentose-ribose
A
Amino acids are important biological buffers because: A.) they react with water to produce carbon dioxide, which neutralizes acids. B.) their amino and carboxyl groups can accept and release protons (H+ ). C.) they are able to absorb great amounts of carbon dioxide during condensation reactions. D.) they produce carbonic acid upon hydrolysis. E.) they contain nonpolar groups that exclude water molecules.
B
An atom becomes a cation if: A.) it gains one or more electron. B.) it loses one or more electron. C.) it shares electrons. D.) one or more of its electrons changes energy levels. E.) it emits radiation.
B
Monosaccharides are water soluble because: A.) they contain a large number of methyl groups. B.) they have a large number of polar hydroxyl groups. C.) they have at least one double bond between adjacent carbons. D.) they have large numbers of nonpolar carbons in their backbones. E.) they can form ring structures.
B
Which of the following organelles plays an important role in apoptosis, or programmed cell death? A.) ribosomes B.) mitochondria C.) chloroplasts D.) vacuoles E.) peroxisomes
B
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? A.) middle lamella-cellulose B.) integrins-receptors C.) primary cell wall-pectin D.) fibronectins-wood E.) secondary cell wall-glycoproteins
B
Which of the following statements concerning van der Waals interactions is FALSE: A.) They are attractive forces. B.) They are very strong. C.) They involve transient regions of positive and negative charges. D.) They form between nonpolar molecules. E.) They operate over very short distances.
B
Which of the following structures would not be found in cells of a plant's roots? A.) mitochondria B.) chloroplasts C.) endoplasmic reticulum D.) nucleus E.) Golgi complex
B
You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthetic. Based on this evidence you correctly assign this organism to the: A.) Domain Bacteria. B.) protist group. C.) Kindgom Fungi. D.) Kingdom Plantae. E.) Domain Archaea.
B
An amphipathic molecule has: A.) two polar ends. B.) two hydrophobic ends. C.) a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion. D.) only one hydrophobic end. E.) only one hydrophilic end.
C
In which of the following reactions must the equivalent of a water molecule be added in order to break a bond? A.) fatty acids + glycerol \rightarrow fat B.) glucose + fructose \rightarrow sucrose C.) glycogen \rightarrow glucose D.) alanine + glycine \rightarrow dipeptide E.) glucose \rightarrow cellulose
C
It is advantageous for cells to be small because: A.) a small cell size prevents a cell from weighing too much. B.) a small cell size occupies less space in nature where space is limited. C.) a small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport. D.) a small cell has a small surface area relative to volume, thereby facilitating ion balance. E.) a small cell is better able to conserve energy than a larger cell.
C
Which of the following is NOT a cell covering or part of a cell covering? A.) glycocalyx B.) extracellular matrix C.) cristae D.) cell wall E.) integrins
C
One of the conclusions drawn from Darwin's theory of evolution is that: A.) existing organisms can adapt to environmental changes. B.) genetic information can pass from organism to organism by means of DNA. C.) living organisms are composed of basic units called cells. D.) organisms living today descended with modifications from previously existing forms. E.) living organisms contain substances produced by cells.
D
The force necessary to cause microtubules of cilia and flagella to slide alongside one another is provided through the action of __________ proteins, which derive the energy to perform their work directly from __________ molecules. A.) kinesin; ADP B.) kinesin; glucose C.) tubulin; ATP D.) dynein; ATP E.) dynein; ADP
D
Which of the following has a pH closest to that of human blood? A.) beer B.) coffee C.) rain water D.) sea water E.) oven cleaner
D
Which of the following illustrates hydrolysis? A.) the reaction of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide B.) the reaction of two amino acids to form a dipeptide C.) the reaction of a hydrogen atom and a hydroxide ion to form water D.) the reaction of a fat to form glycerol and fatty acids E.) the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
D
Which of the following terms includes the fewest species of organisms? A.) ecosystem B.) community C.) biosphere D.) population E.) class.
D
All of the following are associated with the process of evolution but which of these statements best defines the overall process of evolution? A.) Competition between members of a population for limited resources. B.) Production of large numbers of offspring. C.) Sexual reproduction producing variation in a population. D.) Mutations changing the gene pool. E.) Changing of populations over time.
E
Which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
O
Nucleoli contain chromosomal regions that specialize in making:
RNA
All of the members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute:
a population
This functional group is weakly basic because it can accept an H+ ion:
amino
You isolate a compound that is insoluble in water, has alternating single and double bonds, and has a bright orange color. You correctly conclude that this compound is a:
carotenoid
A tentative explanation is a:
hypothesis
Which characteristic of water makes the existence of pH possible?
ionization
A prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell in that a prokaryotic cell:
is exemplified by bacteria
Covalently bonded atoms with similar electronegativities are:
nonpolar
The largest and most complex assembly of proteins in the eukaryotic cell, consisting of 30 different proteins, is the __________.
nuclear pore
In a water molecule, because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the shared electrons are more commonly found around the __________ nucleus more often than the __________ nucleus.
oxygen; hydrogen
In Darwin's theory of evolution, adaptation involves changes in:
populations
Amyloplasts are organelles that store:
starch
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum:
synthesizes lipids
A cellular structure found in plant but not animal cells is the:
chloroplast
DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex called:
chromatin