Biology 102 Final
UNIT 2: Convergent evolution is the evolution of dissimilar features in distantly related groups. true or false
false
UNIT 3: All bacteria are harmful for humans. true or false
false
UNIT 11: Select all that apply. Functions of circulating blood are... a) removal b) transportation c) protection d) regulation
b) transportation c) protection d) regulation
UNIT 6: The Chondrichthyes have skeletons composed of ______.
cartilage
UNIT 7: Integuments develop into relatively impermeable seed coats. true or false
true
UNIT 2: The basis of ______ speciation is the geographical separation of populations.
allopatric
UNIT 3: How did viruses evolve? a) they bean as self-replicating molecules b) they "devolved" from free-living cells c) nucleic acid molecules "escaped" from cells d) it is still unclear
d) it is still unclear
UNIT 6: Match the characteristic features and definitions to the term. 1. second mouth 2. first mouth 3. radial cleavage 4. spiral cleavage 5. determinate cleavage a) embryostomes b) protostomes c) deuterostomes d) blastostomes
1. second mouth: c) deuterostomes 2. first mouth: b) protostomes 3. radial cleavage: c) deuterostomes 4. spiral cleavage: b) protostomes 5. determinate cleavage: b) protostomes
UNIT 2: In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency if the allele a is 0.3. What is the frequency of individuals that are homozygous with this allele? a) 0.09 b) 0.9 c) 0.49 d) 9.0
a) 0.09
UNIT 2: Three populations of crickets look very similar, but the males have courtship songs that sound different. What function would this difference in song likely serve if the population came in contact? a) a gametic reproductive isolating mechanism b) a behavioral reproductive isolating mechanism c) a postzygotic isolating mechanism d) a temporal reproductive isolating mechanism
b) a behavioral reproductive isolating mechanism
UNIT 2: A chance event or catastrophe can reduce the genetic variability within a population is called a ______ event.
bottleneck
UNIT 12: What are 3 forms of nitrogenous wastes excreted by animals? a) ammonia, uric acid, sulfur b) sulfonic acid, ammonium, uric acid c) ammonia, sulfate, methionine d) none of these answers
d) none of these answers
UNIT 9: How many different taste molecules do taste receptors each detect? a) fifteen b) ten c) five d) one
d) one
UNIT 3: Bacterial cell walls contain which compound that helps to strengthen the structure? a) RNA b) amino acids c) ATP d) peptidoglycan
d) peptidoglycan
UNIT 8: ______ may be attributed to the male (40%), the female (40%), or both (20%). It is the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after one year of consistent, unprotected intercourse.
infertility
UNIT 5: The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term "gymnosperm" literally meaning "______."
naked seed
UNIT 2: Prezygotic vs. postzygotic barriers, temporal isolation, habitat isolation, and behavioral isolation are all components of the process called ______ isolation.
reproductive
UNIT 4: ______ reproduction is useful if a protist's environments changes because it allows protists to recombine genes and produce new variations of progeny.
sexual
UNIT 4: At the end of a hypha, what do the sporangium release?
spores
UNIT 5: Cuticles protect leaves and stems from desiccation. However, it also prevents intake of CO2. The ______ can overcome this issue.
stomata
UNIT 5: The vascular tissue, ______, conducts water and minerals from soil up to the shoot.
xylem
UNIT 7: Match the common parts of a flower to whether it is male/female. 1. Carpel 2. Style 3. Filament 4. Ovary 5. Stigma 6. Stamen 7. Anther
1. Carpel: F 2. Style: F 3. Filament: M 4. Ovary: F 5. Stigma: F 6. Stamen: M 7. Anther: M
UNIT 2: Which of these conditions are always true of population evolving due to natural selection? Condition 1: the population must vary in traits that are heritable. Condition 2: some heritable traits must increase reproductive success. Condition 3: individuals pass on most traits that they acquire in their lifetime.
Conditions 1 and 2
UNIT 5: Plants faced constraints while making the evolutionary transition from water to land. They had to develop strategies to... a) avoid drying out b) increase capturing sunlight c) dispense reproduction gametes d) develop chlorophyll a
a) avoid drying out b) increase capturing sunlight c) dispense reproduction gametes
UNIT 3: Receptors on the surface of the host cell bind to virus capsid proteins and virus envelope glycoproteins. The viral proteins were called ___a)___ and the receptors were called ___b)___ for an easy way to remember the mechanism.
a) key b) lock
UNIT 12: ______ have the ability of migrating into the tissues. a) leukocytes b) leukocytes & erythrocytes c) platelets d) erythrocytes
a) leukocytes
UNIT 5: In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to seed-producing plants? a) pollen b) megaphylls c) sporopollenin d) lignin in cell walls
a) pollen
UNIT 1: Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) tissues exist within organs, which exist within organ systems. b) communities exist within populations, which exist within ecosystems. c) organelles exist within cells, which exist within tissues. d) communities exist within ecosystems, which exist within the biosphere.
b) communities exist within populations, which exist within ecosystems.
UNIY 11: How would paralysis of the diaphragm alter inspiration? a) it would slow expiration because the lungs would not relax b) it would prevent inhalation because the intrapleural pressure would not change c) it would decrease the intrapleural pressure and allow more air to enter the lungs d) it would prevent contraction of the intercostal muscles
b) it would prevent inhalation because the intrapleural pressure would not change
UNIT 10: Which class of hormones can diffuse through plasma membranes? a) amino acid derived b) lipid derived c) peptide d) glycoprotein
b) lipid derived
UNIT 10: The types of muscle tissues are... a) striated muscle b) skeletal muscle c) smooth muscle d) red muscle e) cardiac muscle
b) skeletal muscle c) smooth muscle e) cardiac muscle
UNIT 5: Which of the following statements about plant divisions is false? a) all nonvascular embryophytes are bryophytes b) lycophytes and pterophytes are seedless vascular plants c) all vascular plants produce seeds d) seed plants induce angiosperms and gymnosperms
c) all vascular plants produce seeds
UNIT 2: According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, allele frequencies ______ a) in constant flux b) are randomized c) are stable unless exposed to an evolutionary force d) have no impact on speciation
c) are stable unless exposed to an evolutionary force
UNIT 8: Villi are ridges on the surface of the small intestine. This is to ______ the absorptive area. a) greatly decrease b) block c) greatly increase d) clean
c) greatly increase
UNIT 8: The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed ______. a) static equilibrium b) physiological chance c) homeostasis d) balanced equilibrium
c) homeostasis
UNIT 1: Linnaeus believed that species remained fixed in the form in which they had been created. Linnaeus would have been uncomfortable with the concept of ______ a) taxonomy b) nested, increasingly inclusive categories of organisms c) phylogenies d) a hierarchical classification scheme
c) phylogenies
UNIT 6: Which organism is considered a basal animal? a) lobster b) snake c) sponge d) none of these answers
c) sponge
UNIT 3: Vaccines ______. a) are only needed one time b) are similar to viroids c) stimulate a immune response d) kill viruses
c) stimulate a immune response.
UNIT 4: All protists are ______. a) unicellular b) mixtrophic c) symbionts d) eukaryotic
d) eukaryotic
UNIT 8: Which of the following statements about the small intestine is FALSE? a) absorptive cells that line the small intestine have microvilli, small projections that increase surface area and aid in the absorption of food. b) the inside of the small intestine has many folds called villi c) the inside of the small intestine is called the lumen d) microvilli are lined with blood vessels as well as lymphatic vessels
d) microvilli are lined with blood vessels as well as lymphatic vessels
UNIT 12: In insects and other terrestrial arthropods ______ ______ removes nitrogenous wastes from the hemolymph and function in osmoregulation. a) proximal tubule b) midgut stomach c) vas deferens d) none of these answers
d) none of these answers
UNIT 9: In neuron communication, ______ channels regulate the relative concentrations of different ions inside and outside the cell. a) always open b) ligand-gated c) mechanically-gated d) voltage-gated
d) voltage-gated
UNIT 7: Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction? a) it takes advantage of a more diverse gene pool b) grafted plants can successfully endure drought c) cuttings taken from an adult plant show increased resistance to diseases d) when cuttings or buds are taken from an adult plant or plant parts, the resulting plant will grow into an adult factor than a seedling
d) when cuttings or buds are taken from an adult plant or plant parts, the resulting plant will grow into an adult factor than a seedling
UNIT 6: The change in atmospheric ______ concentrations is one possible factor that contributed to the sharp increase in animal diversity during the Cambrian period.
oxygen
UNIT 8: Match the reproductive method with it's defining terms. 1. Animals lay their eggs, with little or no embryonic development within the mother. The eggs are filled with plentiful yolk. 2. The development of the embryo is inside the body of the parent. Young are live-born. 3. Animals retain their eggs and release young able to fend for themselves. There is no direct nourishment. a) oviparous b) ovoviviparous c) viviparous
1. Animals lay their eggs, with little or no embryonic development within the mother. The eggs are filled with plentiful yolk.: a) oviparous 2. The development of the embryo is inside the body of the parent. Young are live-born.: c) viviparous 3. Animals retain their eggs and release young able to fend for themselves. There is no direct nourishment.: b) ovoviviparous
UNIT 5: Match the type of plant to it's dominant lifecycle. 1. Bryophytes 2. Ferns 3. Gymnosperms 4. Angiosperms a) sporangium b) sporophyte c) gametophyte d) gemmaeophyte
1. Bryophytes: c) gametophyte 2. Ferns: b) sporophyte 3. Gymnosperms: b) sporophyte 4. Angiosperms: b) sporophyte
UNIT 4: Complexity and diversity of protists makes them difficult to classify. Match the reasons why protists cannot be classified as plants, animals, or fungi. 1. Cannot be a plant because... 2. Cannot be an animal because... 3. Cannot be fungi because... a) gametes and zygotes are not protected from drying out b) do not undergo embryonic development c) do not have chitin in cell walls
1. Cannot be a plant because...: a) gametes and zygotes are not protected from drying out 2. Cannot be an animal because...: b) do not undergo embryonic development 3. Cannot be fungi because...: c) do not have chitin in cell walls
UNIT 4: Match the symbionts to it's type of symbiotic relationship. 1. Dinoflagellate 2. African Sleeping Sickness 3. Mycorrhizae 4. Lichen 5. Ringworm a) competitive b. commensalistic c) mutualistic d) predation e) parasitic
1. Dinoflagellate: c) mutualistic 2. African Sleeping Sickness: e) parasitic 3. Mycorrhizae: c) mutualistic 4. Lichen: c) mutualistic 5. Ringworm: e) parasitic
UNIT 7: Match a plants response to light with the definition term. 1. Growth and development of plants in response to light 2. Ability to use light to track time 3. Directional response that allows plants to grow towards, or even away from, light a) phototropism b) photomorphogenesis c) photoperiodism
1. Growth and development of plants in response to light: b) photomorphogenesis 2. Ability to use light to track time: c) photoperiodism 3. Directional response that allows plants to grow towards, or even away from, light: a) phototropism
UNIT 7: Soil profiles have four distinct layers plus a final bottom layer. Order the profile layers by their composition. Humus Organic material with inorganic matter Mostly fine material Soil base Bedrock
1. Humus 2. Organic material with inorganic matter 3. Mostly fine material 4. Soil base 5. Bedrock
UNIT 3: Order the steps of viral infection: a) viral genes direct the assembly of the new proteins and genomes b) receptors on the surface of the host cell bind to virus capsid proteins or virus envelope glycoproteins c) lysis and apoptosis d) DNA enters the host cell "naked" or by endocytosis, or enveloped by fusion
1. b) receptors on the surface of the host cell bind to virus capsid proteins or virus envelope glycoproteins 2. d) DNA enters the host cell "naked" or by endocytosis, or enveloped by fusion 3. a) viral genes direct the assembly of the new proteins and genomes 4. c) lysis and apoptosis
UNIT 12: Match the term with its definition. 1. failure, insufficiency, or delay in the response of the immune system 2. antibody-mediated immune response occurs within minutes of exposure to a harmless antigen 3. recognize self antigen as being foreign resulting in tissue/organ damage a) acquired response b) immunodeficiency c) autoimmunity d) allergies e) chronic inflammation
1. failure, insufficiency, or delay in the response of the immune system: b) immunodeficiency 2. antibody-mediated immune response occurs within minutes of exposure to a harmless antigen: d) allergies 3. recognize self antigen as being foreign resulting in tissue/organ damage: c) autoimmunity
UNIT 10: Match the definition to it's term: 1. fluid-filled compartment within the body under pressure 2. hard encasement on the surface of an organism 3. hard, mineralized structures located within the soft tissue 4. acellular and does not grow as organism grows a) endoskeleton b) mesoskeleton c) exoskeleton d) hydrostatic skeleton
1. fluid-filled compartment within the body under pressure: d) hydrostatic skeleton 2. hard encasement on the surface of an organism: c) exoskeleton 3. hard, mineralized structures located within the soft tissue: a) endoskeleton 4. acellular and does not grow as organism grows: c) exoskeleton
UNIT 12: Match the term with the definition. 1. functional unit of kidney 2. regulates body fluid concentrations 3. the process of maintenance of salt and water balance 4. macromolecule that reacts with components of the immune system a) antibody b) nephron c) osmoregulation d) loop of Henle e) antigen f) immune system g) excretory system
1. functional unit of kidney: b) nephron 2. regulates body fluid concentrations: g) excretory system 3. the process of maintenance of salt and water balance: c) osmoregulation 4. macromolecule that reacts with components of the immune system: e) antigen
UNIT 10: Match the definition and symptoms to the correct term. 1. high metabolic rate 2. weight loss 3. irritability 4. lethargy 5. low metabolic rate 6. weight gain 7. sensitivity to cold 8. increased heart rate a) hyperthyroidism b) hypothyroidism
1. high metabolic rate: a) hyperthyroidism 2. weight loss: a) hyperthyroidism 3. irritability: a) hyperthyroidism 4. lethargy: b) hypothyroidism 5. low metabolic rate: b) hypothyroidism 6. weight gain: b) hypothyroidism 7. sensitivity to cold: b) hypothyroidism 8. increased heart rate: a) hyperthyroidism
UNIT 7: Match the function with the plant tissue. 1. involved with water and ion uptake 2. synthesize sugars (photosynthesis) 3. support cells 4. stores energy-rich carbohydrates 5. gas exchange a) roots b) leaves c) stems d) root, stems, and leaves e) both stems and leaves
1. involved with water and ion uptake: a) roots 2. synthesize sugars (photosynthesis): b) leaves 3. support cells: c) stems 4. stores energy-rich carbohydrates: a) roots 5. gas exchange: e) both stems and leaves
UNIT 2: Darwin postulated.... 1. more offspring are produced than can survive; there is competition for resources. 2. characteristics of offspring vary, and these variations are heritable. 3. most characteristics are heritable, passed from parent to offspring. 4. individuals have the capability to evolve their traits when exposed to environmental pressure.
1. more offspring are produced than can survive; there is competition for resources. 2. characteristics of offspring vary, and these variations are heritable. 3. most characteristics are heritable, passed from parent to offspring
UNIT 11: Erythrocytes lack nuclei. true or false
true
UNIT 6: Evolution of jaws allowed vertebrates to exploit food sources not available to jawless fish. true or false
true
UNIT 8: Dentition differs with mode of nutrition. true or false
true
UNIT 8: Order the mechanical and chemical digestion steps - Mechanical digestion (chewing and swallowing) - Chemical digestion of carbohydrates - Mechanical digestion (peristaltic mixing and propulsion) - Chemical digestion of proteins - Absorption of lipid-soluble substances, such as aspirin - Mechanical digestion (mixing and propulsion, primarily by segmentation) - Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - Absorption of peptides, amino acids, glucose, fructose, lipids, water, minerals, and vitamins - Mechanical digestion (segmental mixing, mass movement for propulsion) - No chemical digestion except by bacteria - Absorption of ions, water, minerals, vitamins, and small organic molecules produced by bacteria
1. - Mechanical digestion (chewing and swallowing) - Chemical digestion of carbohydrates 2. - Mechanical digestion (peristaltic mixing and propulsion) - Chemical digestion of proteins - Absorption of lipid-soluble substances, such as aspirin 3. - Mechanical digestion (mixing and propulsion, primarily by segmentation) - Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - Absorption of peptides, amino acids, glucose, fructose, lipids, water, minerals, and vitamins 4. - Mechanical digestion (segmental mixing, mass movement for propulsion) - No chemical digestion except by bacteria - Absorption of ions, water, minerals, vitamins, and small organic molecules produced by bacteria
UNIT 11: Match the term to the definition or example. 1. moves blood between the heart and lungs 2. moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body 3. asthma 4. emphysema 5. in simple animals, gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged using this process 6. keeps the heart musculature oxygenated a) diffusion b) coronary system c) osmosis d) lymphatic system e) pulmonary circulation f) restrictive lung disease g) pumpstatic circulation h) systemic circulation i) obstructive lung disease
1. moves blood between the heart and lungs: e) pulmonary circulation 2. moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body: h) systemic circulation 3. asthma: i) obstructive lung disease 4. emphysema: i) obstructive lung disease 5. in simple animals, gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged using this process: a) diffusion 6. keeps the heart musculature oxygenated: b) coronary system
UNIT 8: Match the advantages and disadvantages to the correct type of fertilization. 1. protecting the fertilized egg from dehydration 2. enhances the fertilization of eggs 3. higher genetic diversity 4. higher survival rate 5. offspring produced must mature rapidly 6. colonization of new environments a) external fertilization b) internal fertilization c) viviparous fertilization d) omivarious fertilization
1. protecting the fertilized egg from dehydration: b) internal fertilization 2. enhances the fertilization of eggs b) internal fertilization 3. higher genetic diversity: a) external fertilization 4. higher survival rate: b) internal fertilization 5. offspring produced must mature rapidly: a) external fertilization 6. colonization of new environments: a) external fertilization
UNIT 9: Match the functions and locations to the correct photoreceptors. 1. responds to bright light 2. strongly photosensitive 3. primarily role is in daytime, color vision 4. detects dim light 5. weakly photosensitive 6. primarily for peripheral and nighttime vision a) cones b) rods
1. responds to bright light: a) cones 2. strongly photosensitive: b) rods 3. primarily role is in daytime, color vision: a) cones 4. detects dim light: b) rods 5. weakly photosensitive: a) cones 6. primarily for peripheral and nighttime vision: b) rods
UNIT 10: Match the description to the bone term. 1. sesamoid 2. complicated shapes 3. cube-like 4. longer than wide 5. spongy bone embedded within parallel layers of thin compact bone 6. shaft with two ends 7. bones of limbs 8. vertebrae and hip bones a) flat bone b) wide bone c) long bone d) soft bone e) short bone f) irregular bone
1. sesamoid: e) short bone 2. complicated shapes: f) irregular bone 3. cube-like: e) short bone 4. longer than wide: c) long bone 5. spongy bone embedded within parallel layers of thin compact bone: a) flat bone 6. shaft with two ends: c) long bone 7. bones of limbs: c) long bone 8. vertebrae and hip bones: f) irregular bone
UNIT 8: Match the organisms to the correct body symmetry. 1. sponge 2. lobster 3. sea anemone 4. sea star 5. human 6. wildebeest a) radial b) dilateral c) bilateral d) asymmetry
1. sponge: d) asymmetry 2. lobster: c) bilateral 3. sea anemone: a) radial 4. sea star: a) radial 5. human: c) bilateral 6. wildebeest: c) bilateral
UNIT 9: Sort which processes belong to which peripheral nervous system. 1. usually unaware of its actions 2. controls the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and gland 3. controls the skeletal muscles 4. divided into two divisions 5. conscious of its activity 6. gathers info from sensors and conducts decisions to effectors a) somatic system b) autonomic system
1. usually unaware of its actions: b) autonomic system 2. controls the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and gland: b) autonomic system 3. controls the skeletal muscles: a) somatic system 4. divided into two divisions: b) autonomic system 5. conscious of its activity: a) somatic system 6. gathers info from sensors and conducts decisions to effectors: a) somatic system
UNIT 10: Different types of joints allow different types of movement. There are _______ types of synovial joints.
6
UNIT 12: More than ______% of sodium filtered at glomerulus is returned to blood.
99
UNIT 6: As with the emergence of the Acoelomorpha phylum, it is common for ______ data to misplace animals in close relation to other species, whereas ______ data often reveals a different and more accurate evolutionary relationship. a) morphological : molecular b) molecular : fossil record c) fossil record : morphological d) molecular : morphological
a) morphological : molecular
UNIT 9: Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) myelin sheath provides an insulating layer to the nucleus b) dendrites carry the signal to the soma c) the soma is the cell body of the nerve d) axons carry the signal from the soma to the target
a) myelin sheath provides an insulating layer to the nucleus
UNIT 11: Which is the order of airflow during inhalation? a) nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli b) nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli c) nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli d) nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli
a) nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
UNIT 8: State whether each of the following processes is regulated by a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop. A person feels satiated after eating a large meal - This is a ___a)___ feedback loop. The blood has plenty of red blood cells. As a result, erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of new red blood cells, is no longer released from the kidney - This is a ___b)___ feedback loop.
a) negative b) negative
UNIT 12: In this image, we can see the perfect ___a)___ and perfect ___b)___ terms: osmoregulator, osmoconformer
a) osmoconformer b) osmoregulator
UNIT 11: Hemoglobin is essential for transferring ___a)___ in your blood from the lungs to the tissues. Other animals use hemerythrin, which binds ___b)___ instead or hemocyanin, which binds ___c)___.
a) oxygen b) iron c) copper
UNIT 6: Animals are divided into two major groups ___a)___, the "beside" animals, and ___b)___, the "true" animals.
a) parazoa b) eumetazoa
UNIT 9: For sound waves, wavelength corresponds to ___a)___. Amplitude of the wave corresponds to ___b)___.
a) pitch b) volume
UNIT 3: Bacteria and archaea DIFFER fundamentally in these areas: a) plasma membranes b) DNA replication c) cell walls d) gene expression e) homeostasis
a) plasma membranes b) DNA replication c) cell walls d) gene expression
UNIT 7: The development of seeds was and important adaptation. Select all the reasons why. a) protects young plant when most vulnerable b) provides food for the embryo until it can produce its own food c) limits growth of the plant d) facilitates dispersal of the embryo e) maintains dormancy under unfavorable conditions
a) protects young plant when most vulnerable b) provides food for the embryo until it can produce its own food d) facilitates dispersal of the embryo e) maintains dormancy under unfavorable conditions
UNIT 10: The forearm consists of the... a) radius & ulna b) humerus & ulna c) radius & metacarpus d) humerus & metacarpus
a) radius & ulna
UNIT 12: Which of these answers below is a key function of the excretory system? a) reabsorption b) circulation c) none of these d) defiltration
a) reabsorption
UNIT 1: Select the properties of life living organisms share: a) response to stimuli b) regulation c) growth d) energy processing e) order f) temperature
a) response to stimuli b) regulation c) growth d) energy processing e) order
UNIT 1: There are two types of phylogenetic trees. We have ___a)___ trees and ___b)___ trees
a) rooted trees b) unrooted trees
UNIT 5: Which of the following statements about the fern life cycle is FALSE? a) sporangia form on the underside of the gametophyte b) the sporophyte is diploid and the gametophyte is haploid c) the sporophyte grows from a gametophyte d) sporangia produce haploid spores
a) sporangia form on the underside of the gametophyte
UNIT 5: Accompanying the prominence of the sporophyte and the development of vascular tissue, the appearance of true leaves improved photosynthetic efficiency. Select the true leaves that developed. a) sporophylls b) megaphylls c) strobili d) microphyll e) setae
a) sporophylls b) megaphylls c) strobili d) microphyll
UNIT 12: Which of the following about the nephron is/are true? a) the Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus b) the loop of Henle is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules c) the collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule d) the loop of Henle empties into the distal convoluted tubule
a) the Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus b) the loop of Henle is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules d) the loop of Henle empties into the distal convoluted tubule
UNIT 11: The oxygen dissociation curve demonstrates that... a) the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen may shift to the left or right depending on environmental conditions. b) as the partial pressure of oxygen increases, more oxygen binds with hemoglobin. c) the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen doesn't shift regardless of environmental conditions. d) as the partial pressure of oxygen increases, less oxygen binds with hemoglobin.
a) the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen may shift to the left or right depending on environmental conditions. b) as the partial pressure of oxygen increases, more oxygen binds with hemoglobin.
UNIT 12: Which of the following statements about the nephron is FALSE? a) the collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule b) the loop of Henle empties into the distal convoluted tubule c) the Borman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus d) the loop of Henle is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules
a) the collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule
UNIT 3: Bioremediation includes ______. a) the use of prokaryotes to clean up pollutants b) all of these answers c) the use of prokaryotes as natural fertilizers d) the use of prokaryotes to fix nitrogen
a) the use of prokaryotes to clean up pollutants
UNIT 11: Why are open circulatory systems advantageous to some animals? a) they use less metabolic energy b) they help the animal move faster c) they help large animals develop d) they do not need a heart
a) they use less metabolic energy
UNIT 5: The seedless vascular plants show several features important to living on land. Select them below. a) vascular tissue b) roots c) stipe d) leaves
a) vascular tissue b) roots d) leaves
UNIT 5: What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicate the movement of plants from water to land? a) waxy cuticle to prevent evaporation from leaves b) remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthetic cells c) sporopollenin to inhibit evaporation from leaves d) loss of structure that produces spores
a) waxy cuticle to prevent evaporation from leaves
UNIT 9: Almost all sensory signals are routed from the thalamus to final processing regions in the cortex of the brain. The only exception is ______. Choices: Gustation, Olfaction, Proprioception, Thermoception, Nociception
Olfaction
UNIT 10: Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive. Which of the conditions are the following two patients most likely to have? Patient A: weight gain, cold sensitivity, low heart rate, and fatigue Patient B: weight loss, profuse sweating, increased heart rate, and difficulty sleeping
Patient A: hypothyroidism Patient B: hyperthyroidism
UNIT 1: How many domains of life are there? a) 3 b) 1 c) 5 d) none of these answers
a) 3
UNIT 9: Visible light lies between ___a)___nm and ___b)___nm.
a) 380 b) 740
UNIT 2: In plants, violet flower color is dominant over white. If p=0.8 and q=0.2 in a population of 500 plants, you would expect __a)____ violet flowers and ___b)___ white flowers.
a) 480 b) 20
UNIT 8: Bioenergetics is defined as the energy from the nutrients that is used in the animal's body to fuel anabolic reactions. The energy's usage can be split into 3 categories each with a percentage. Basal metabolic rate takes up ___a)___%, physical activity takes up ___b)___%, and thermogenesis takes up ___c)___%.
a) 70 b) 20 c) 10
UNIT 3: In general, extremophiles belong to which domain of life? a) Archaea b) Eukarya c) none of these answers d) Bacteria
a) Archaea
UNIT 9: When the head is tilted, crystals in a gelatin continue to be pulled straight down by gravity, but the new angle of the head causes the gelatin to shift, thereby bending the stereocilia. The bending of the stereocilia stimulates the neurons, and they signal the brain that the head is tilted, allowing the maintenance of balance. This is an example of the ______ sense. Choices: Proprioception, Kinesthesia, Vestibular, Electroreception, Magnetoreception
Vestibular
UNIT 12: There are three populations of T cells. Select the options that is NOT a member of the population. a) T antibody cells b) helper T cells c) cytotoxic T cells d) T regulatory cells
a) T antibody cells
UNIT 1: In a comparison of birds and mammals, having four limbs is______ a) a shared ancestral character b) a shared derived character c) an example of analogy rather than homology d) a character trait useful for distinguishing birds from mammals
a) a shared ancestral character
UNIT 6: Most cnidarians are known to produce toxins. In fact, it has been claimed that one particular species produces the most deadly of all toxins on the planet. What feature of this group most likely evolved simultaneously with the evolution of these toxins? a) a slow-moving or sessile lifestyle in adults b) the medusa body form c) asexual reproduction d) diploblastic design
a) a slow-moving or sessile lifestyle in adults
UNIT 1: Choose the best definition(s) for the word "hypothesis." a) a suggested explanation that can be tested. b) statement that can be written as an "if/then" statement. c) a tested explanation that is generally true.
a) a suggested explanation that can be tested. b) statement that can be written as an "if/then" statement.
UNIT 4: What are hyphae used for regarding fungal life? a) absorption b) none of these answers c) parasitism d) reproduction
a) absorption
UNIT 1: ______ structures have a similar function; ______ have a similar embryonic origin. a) analogous/homologous b) homologous/analogous c) homoplastic/analogous d) analogous/homoplastic
a) analogous/homologous
UNIT 12: Which hormone will facilitate water reabsorption? a) anti-diuretic hormone b) all of these answers c) none of these answers d) pro-diuretic hormone
a) anti-diuretic hormone
UNIT 3: Prokaryotic metabolism allows for the acquisition of carbon. There are two main forms of acquisition strategies ___a)___ get carbon from inorganic CO2 and ___b)___ get carbon from organic molecules.
a) autotrophs b) heterotrophs
UNIT 11: The majority of oxygen in the blood is transported by ______. a) binding to hemoglobin b) dissolution in the blood c) binding to blood plasma d) being carried as bicarbonate ions
a) binding to hemoglobin
UNIT 11: Which of the following statements about the circulatory system is/are true? a) blood in the inferior vena cava is deoxygenated b) blood in the pulmonary artery is deoxygenated c) blood in the pulmonary vein is deoxygenated d) blood in the aorta is oxygenated
a) blood in the inferior vena cava is deoxygenated b) blood in the pulmonary artery is deoxygenated d) blood in the aorta is oxygenated
UNIT 5: Land plants and their close relative green algae have the same ___a)___ a and b molecules and can store excess carbohydrates as ___b)___.
a) chlorophyll b) starch
UNIT 11: During systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, the heart is ______. a) contracting b) contracting and relaxing c) filling with blood d) relaxing
a) contracting
UNIT 6: Mammals are classified together because they typically have the features... a) endothermic b) mammary glands c) hollow bones d) hair
a) endothermic b) mammary glands d) hair
UNIT 11: During inhalation, thoracic volume increases through the contraction of two muscle sets. Select the correct muscle sets. a) external intercostal muscles & diaphragm b) external intercostal muscles & pleura c) internal intercostal muscles & pleura d) internal intercostal muscles & diaphragm
a) external intercostal muscles & diaphragm
UNIT 8: This is essential to protect your internal organs and to help insulate against cold temperatures. a) fat storage b) vitamin storage c) protein storage d) carbohydrate storage
a) fat storage
UNIT 4: Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between which two organisms? a) fungus and photosynthetic microorganism b) fungus and birds c) none of these d) fungus and plants
a) fungus and photosynthetic microorganism
UNIT 2: After speciation occurred, two separate but closely related species may continue to produce offspring in an area called the hybrid zone. These events may result: a) fusion b) reinforcement c) stability d) diffusion
a) fusion b) reinforcement c) stability
UNIT 2: In order for organisms to change over generations, there must be: a) genetic variation b) competition c) environmental pressure d) immigration
a) genetic variation
UNIT 12: Urine production requires three distinct processes: a) glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion b) tubular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion c) glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, glomerular reabsorption d) tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, tubular excretion
a) glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
UNIT 5: The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably ______. a) green algae b) brown algae c) cyanobacteria d) liverworts and mosses
a) green algae
UNIT 8: Mature sperm have three distinct pieces, they are... a) head, midpiece, and tail b) head, acrosome, nucleus c) head, terminal ring, tail d) head, mitochondria, nucleus
a) head, midpiece, and tail
UNIT 12: In this image, we can see ___a)___ solution, ___b)___, and ___c)___ solution.
a) hypotonic b) hypertonic c) isotonic
UNIT 10: What hormone is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas? a) insulin b) glucagon c) t3 d) t4
a) insulin
UNIT 10: Match the term with the correct muscle contraction:
a) isometric b) concentric c) eccentric
UNIT 12: Water tends to move into the region with the ______ water concentration. a) lowest b) highest c) centered d) standard
a) lowest
UNIT 6: Cnidarians display 2 distinct body plans. They are ___a)___ and ___b)___
a) medusa b) polyp
UNIT 5: Flowering plants are divided into two main groups, the ___a)___ and ___b)___ (derived from the number of cotyledons)
a) monocot d) eudicot
UNIT 8: Liver, pancreas, and the gallbladder are examples of ______ organs.
accessory
UNIT 5: Select the reason(s) seedless vascular plants are important. a) they are the base of the food chain in certain environments b) they can make the soil more amenable to colonization c) they can maintain moisture in floral arrangements d) they can promote the weathering of rock e) they are commonly used as fuel
all of the above
UNIT 6: Animals are classified according to certain morphological and developmental characteristics. Select the characteristics used. a) number of tissue layers b) symmetry c) body plan and cavities d) origin of mouth and anus
all of the above
UNIT 9: Sensory receptors can be classified by the type of stimulus that generates a response in the receptor. Broadly, the sensory receptors are... a) pain receptors b) Mechanoreceptors c) Chemoreceptors d) Photoreceptors e) Thermoreceptors
all of the above
UNIT 7: Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) Water potential decreases from the roots to the top of the plant b) Negative water potential draws water into the root hairs. Cohesion and adhesion draw water up the phloem. Transpiration draws water from the leaf. c) Negative water potential draws water into the root hairs. Cohesion and adhesion draw water up the xylem. Transpiration draws water from the leaf. d) Water enters the plants through root hairs and exits through stoma.
b) Negative water potential draws water into the root hairs. Cohesion and adhesion draw water up the phloem. Transpiration draws water from the leaf.
UNIT 7: How does a flaccid cell differ from a turgid cell? a) a flaccid cell has higher pressure potential b) a flaccid has lower pressure potential c) a flaccid cell has lower solute potential d) a flaccid cell has higher solute potential
b) a flaccid has lower pressure potential
UNIT 6: Vertebrates and tunicates share ______. a) a high degree of cephalization b) a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve chord c) the formation of structures from the neural crest d) jaws adapted for feeding
b) a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve chord
UNIT 3: What is the main method of prokaryotic reproduction? a) sexual reproduction b) binary fission c) both sex and binary fission d) none of these answers
b) binary fission
UNIT 4: Mycorrhizae provide plants..... a) a root system to colonize carbs b) a greater absorptive surface c) increased acquisition of mineral nutrients
b) c)
UNIT 4: Which process in Paramecium results in genetic recombination (i.e. genetic variation) but no increase in population size? a) binary fission b) conjugation c) meiotic division d) budding
b) conjugation
UNIT 6: Which invertebrate clade has the most species out of any animal group? a) cnidaria b) ecdysozoa c) porifera d) lophotrochozoa
b) ecdysozoa
UNIT 6: Mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles. Which of the following traits shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit? a) ectothermy b) endothermy c) terrestrial d) amniotic egg
b) endothermy
UNIT 8: Which of the following statements about the digestive system is FALSE? a) chyme is a mixture food and digestive juices that is produced in the stomach b) food enters the large intestine before the small intestine c) the stomach is separated from the small intestine by the pyloric sphincter d) in the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile, which emulsifies fats
b) food enters the large intestine before the small intestine
UNIT 12: The process for how the variable region of an antibody secreted by one B cell differs from another B cell, or one T cell differing from another T cell is called ______. a) gene therapy b) gene rearrangement c) amino acid rearrangement d) amino acid therapy
b) gene rearrangement
UNIT 8: Which form of reproduction is useful to an animal with little mobility that reproduces sexually? a) budding b) hermaphroditism c) pathogenesis d) fission
b) hermaphroditism
UNIT 1: Molecular systemics works best when used ______ a) as a standalone measure of evolutionary relationships b) in conjunction with morphological relationships c) as a verification of phenotype-based relationships d) none of these answers
b) in conjunction with morphological relationships
UNIT 7: What is the term for the symbiotic association between fungi and many plants? a) epiphyte b) mycorrhizae c) lichen d) nitrogen-fixing nodule
b) mycorrhizae
UNIT 6: Which of the following is/are unique to animals? a) flagellated gametes b) nervous system signal conduction and muscular movement c) heterotrophy d) the structural carbohydrate, chitin
b) nervous system signal conduction and muscular movement
UNIT 10: A newly discovered hormone contains 4 amino acids linked together. Under what chemical class would the hormone be classified as? a) glycoprotein b) peptide hormone c) amino acid-derived hormone d) lipid-derived hormone
b) peptide hormone
UNIT 7: ______ ______ is an aqueous solution that is high in sucrose (in regard to transport in plants). a) none of these answers b) phloem sap c) xylem sap d) sugar sap
b) phloem sap
UNIT 9: The spinal cord serves what function(s)? a) regulates balance and coordination b) provides communication path between the brain and the spinal nerve c) center for reflex actions
b) provides communication path between the brain and the spinal nerve c) center for reflex actions
UNIT 9: Select the nervous system's specific function(s). a) protect the body from possibly harmful substances b) receiving sensory input c) generating motor output d) performing integration
b) receiving sensory input c) generating motor output d) performing integration
UNIT 11: During the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, the heart is ______. a) contracting b) relaxing c) filling with blood d) contracting and relaxing
b) relaxing
UNIT 11: The total lung capacity is calculated using which of the following formulas? a) expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume b) residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume c) residual volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume d) residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + inspiratory reserve volume
b) residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
UNIT 9: Which of the following statements about the human eye is FALSE? a) when light enters the retina, it passes the ganglion cells and bipolar cells before reaching photoreceptors at the rear of the eye. b) rods detect color, cones only detect shades of gray c) the cornea is a protective layer on the front of the eye d) the iris adjusts the amount of light entering the eye
b) rods detect color, cones only detect shades of gray
UNIT 12: When a person is exposed to pathogen later, a ______ response will hopefully prevent sickness. a) b cell b) secondary c) T cell d) primary
b) secondary
UNIT 6: The evolution of animal species has been prolific (the estimates go into the millions and tens of millions) Much of the diversity is a result of the evolution of novel ways to ______. a) reproduce b) sense, feed, and move c) arrange cells into tissues d) form an embryo, and establish a basic body plan
b) sense, feed, and move
UNIT 8: The three types of muscular tissues are... a) smooth, skeletal, striated b) smooth, skeletal, cardiac c) simple, skeletal, cardiac d) simple, striated, cardiac
b) smooth, skeletal, cardiac
UNIT 9: A stimulus from a sensory cell or another neuron depolarizes the target neuron to its threshold potential. As a response, ______ channels open. a) chloride b) sodium c) potassium d) calcium
b) sodium
UNIT 10: Select all that apply: The musculoskeletal system's general function is to: a) maintain homeostasis in the body b) support the body c) protect the body d) cause and/or control movement
b) support the body c) protect the body d) cause and/or control movement
UNIT 11: Platelets function in... a) the formation of capillaries b) the formation of blood clots c) the formation of total blood volume d) the transportation of oxygen
b) the formation of blood clots
UNIT 12: Maintenance of the pH in the blood is done by... a) the reabsorption of calcium ions b) the secretion of hydrogen ions c) the secretion of oxygen ions d) the reabsorption of the bicarbonate ions
b) the secretion of hydrogen ions d) the reabsorption of the bicarbonate ions
UNIT 9: The photoreceptor in vertebrates has two parts, the trans-membrane protein opsin, and retinal, which is called ______. a) GR-opsins b) Melanopsin c) Rhodopsin d) GO-opsins
c) Rhodopsin
UNIT 7: What factors affect soil quality? a) presence of living organisms and topography b) chemical composition c) all of these answers d) history of the soil
c) all of these answers
UNIT 11: Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) in the tissues, PO2 drops as blood passes from the arteries to the veins where PCO2 increases b) PO2 is higher in air than in the lungs c) blood travels from the lungs to the heart to body tissues, then back to the lungs, then the heart d) blood travels from the lungs to the heart to body tissues, then back to the heart, then the lungs
c) blood travels from the lungs to the heart to body tissues, then back to the lungs, then the heart
UNIT 9: Neurons contain ______, which can receive signals from other neurons. a) axons b) mitochondria c) dendrites d) Golgi bodies
c) dendrites
UNIT 8: Select the limit(s) on body size. a) pressure b) temperature c) diffusion d) gravity e) drag f) skeleton weight
c) diffusion d) gravity e) drag f) skeleton weight
UNIT 4: Amoeboids use phagolysosomes to...... a) find food b) engulf food c) digest food d) expulse excess food
c) digest food
UNIT 11: Which are NOT major physiological challenges facing all multicellular animals in terms of gas exchange? a) obtaining sufficient oxygen b) disposing excess carbon dioxide c) disposing of excess bicarbonate ions d) obtaining sufficient nitrogen
c) disposing of excess bicarbonate ions d) obtaining sufficient nitrogen
UNIT 8: Adults require 8 from the diet, children require 9 = ______ a) essential vitamins b) essential proteins c) essential amino acids d) essential minerals
c) essential amino acids
UNIT 8: Materials that an animal cannot assemble from the simpler organic molecules are called ______ ______. a) essential proteins b) essential things c) essential nutrients d) linoleic acid
c) essential nutrients
UNIT 3: The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of: a) prokaryotic cells b) all cells c) eukaryotic cells d) viruses
c) eukaryotic cells
UNIT 7: What is the main force, by which most of the water within xylem vessels, moves toward the top of the tree? a) the force of root pressure b) osmosis in the root c) evaporation of water through stomata d) active transport of ions into the stele
c) evaporation of water through stomata
UNIT 2: If a rodent population experiences increased mutation rates, due to radiation, which is most likely to occur? a) fixation of new alleles b) major changes is physiology over time c) increased genetic variation d) genetic drift and decreased fitness
c) increased genetic variation
UNIT 10: One of the main purposes of the excretory system is to... a) maintain structural integrity b) maintain hormonal balance c) maintain water balance d) maintain thermal-homeostasis
c) maintain water balance
UNIT 7: Most ______ are necessary for enzyme function. a) biomolecules b) macronutrients c) micronutrients d) essential nutrients
c) micronutrients
UNIT 11: Some animals use diffusion instead of a circulatory system. Examples include: a) birds and jellyfish b) mollusks and jellyfish c) none of these answers d) flatworms and arthropods
c) none of these answers
UNIT 10: All of the following are groups of vertebrae except ______, which is a curvature. a) thoracic b) cervical c) pelvic d) lumbar
c) pelvic
UNIT 4: Dinoflagellates ______. a) are all autotrophic b) include species that cause malaria c) possess two flagella d) lack mitochondria
c) possess two flagella
UNIT 11: Blood flow that is directed through the lungs and back to the heart is called ______. a) pulmocutaneous circulation b) undirectional circulation c) pulmonary circulation d) gill circulation
c) pulmonary circulation
UNIT 4: These organisms feed like fungi, make spores, and have flagellated cells, but they lack a cell wall. a) Amoeboids b) Chlorophyta c) slime mold d) lichen e) ciliates
c) slime mold
UNIT 9: Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) the parasympathetic pathway is responsible for resting the body, whereas the sympathetic pathway is responsible for preparing for an emergency. b) the autonomic system is known for regulating the activity of cardiac and smooth muscles and glands. c) the dilation of bronchi is a parasympathetic response. d) slowing of the heartbeat is a parasympathetic response.
c) the dilation of bronchi is a parasympathetic response.
UNIT 2: Soon after the island of Hawaii rose above sea level (one million years ago), the evolution of life on this new island should have been most strongly influenced by ______ a) genetic bottleneck b) sexual selection c) the founder effect d) habitat differentiation
c) the founder effect
UNIT 4: Which of these statements are true? a) the process of meiosis is the first step in fungal sexual reproduction, when two haploid cells fuse with paired nuclei b) the process of karyogamy is the first step in sexual reproduction, when two haploid cells fuse with paired nuclei c) the process of plasmogamy is the first step in sexual reproduction, when two haploid cells fuse with paired nuclei d) the process of germination is the first step in sexual reproduction, when two haploid cells fuse with paired nuclei
c) the process of plasmogamy is the first step in sexual reproduction, when two haploid cells fuse with paired nuclei
UNIT 6: Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments? a) two pairs of appendages b) a four-chambered heart c) the shelled, amniotic egg d) the ability to maintain a constant body temperature
c) the shelled, amniotic egg
UNIT 7: Loss of water from the aerial parts of plants is called ______ a) dehydration b) respiration c) transpiration d) gas exchange
c) transpiration
UNIT 5: Land plants can be informally grouped based on the presence or absence of ______. a) roots b) none of these answers c) vascular tissue d) flowers
c) vascular tissue
UNIT 3: Prokaryotes stain as gram-positive or gram-negative because of differences in the cell ______. a) chromosome b) cytoplasm c) wall d) nucleus
c) wall
UNIT 4: Fungal cell walls are made up of ______.
chitin
UNIT 6: All ______ share 4 specific characteristics at some point during development, though some of these traits might only be present during embryological development.
chordates
UNIT 1: After identifying homologous information, scientists use______ to organize these events as a means to determine an evolutionary timeline. It is also known as the process to arrange taxa by homologous characters.
cladistics
UNIT 6: The Permian-Triassic boundary (the 'Great Dying') lead to an extinction of ______% of species. a) 80 b) 85 c) 90 d) 95
d) 95
UNIT 6: Invertebrates make up about ______% of all animals on Earth. a) 82 b) 87 c) 92 d) 97
d) 97
UNIT 12: Which of the following statements about T cells is FALSE? a) helper T cells release cytotoxins while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell b) helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+ c) the T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells d) MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only
d) MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only
UNIT 2: A trait that increases the environmental fitness of an organism is called a ______ a) asset b) advantage c) action d) adaptation
d) adaptation
UNIT 12: Which part of the immune system is responsible for the success of vaccinations? a) none of these b) both adaptive and innate c) innate immune system d) adaptive immune system
d) adaptive immune system
UNIT 6: Whatever the ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of ______. a) a large meteor impact b) mass extinction c) evolutionary stasis d) adaptive radiation
d) adaptive radiation
UNIT 5: Alternation of generations means that plants produce: a) only diploid multicellular organisms b) only diploid multicellular organisms with single celled haploid gametes c) only haploid multicellular organisms d) both haploid and diploid multicellular organisms
d) both haploid and diploid multicellular organisms
UNIT 8: Which is the primary fuel for the body? a) lipids b) glycogen c) proteins d) carbohydrates
d) carbohydrates
One of your fellow classmates remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which of these statements is most helpful in correcting this misconception? a) only favorable adaptations have survival value. b) spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits. c) disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance. d) characteristics acquired during an organism's life are not generally passed on to offspring.
d) characteristics acquired during an organism's life are not generally passed on to offspring.
UNIT 7: Evaporation from the mesophyll cells produces a negative water potential gradient. This causes water to move upwards from the roots through the xylem. This theory is known as... a) water potential theory b) xylem-evaporation theory c) stomata-evaporation theory d) cohesion-tension theory
d) cohesion-tension theory
UNIT 11: Select all the evolutionary changes that have occurred to optimize the rate of diffusion R. a) decrease surface area b) increase distance c) decrease concentration difference d) decrease distance e) increase concentration difference f) increase surface area
d) decrease distance e) increase concentration difference f) increase surface area
UNIT 10: The elbow is an example of what type of joint? a) saddle b) gliding c) pivot d) hinge
d) hinge
UNIT 4: Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungi heterotrophy is that most animals derive their nutrients from ______. a) consuming living, rather than dead, prey b) preying on animals c) using enzymes to digest food d) ingesting it
d) ingesting it
UNIT 1: ______ is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species a) none of these b) systemics c) classification of organisms d) phylogeny
d) phylogeny
UNIT 9: After an action potential, the opening of additional voltage-gated ______ channels and the inactivation of sodium channels, cause the membrane to return to its resting membrane potential. a) calcium b) sodium c) chloride d) potassium
d) potassium
UNIT 3: Which statement is TRUE? a) the nucleoid is a newly formed bacterial cell b) none of these statements c) the nucleoid is the site of protein synthesis in prokaryotes d) the nucleoid is an accumulation of prokaryotic DNA
d) the nucleoid is an accumulation of prokaryotic DNA.
UNIT 5: Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what else do they have in common? a) they are all wind pollinated b) they are heterosporous c) they can reproduce asexually by producing gemmae d) they thrive in mostly damp environments
d) they thrive in mostly damp environments
UNIT 3: Which of these statements is TRUE? a) a virion contains DNA and RNA b) viruses replicated outside of the host cell c) most viruses are easily visualized within a light microscope d) viruses are acellular
d) viruses are acellular
UNIT 2: ______ evolution is when two species diverge from a common ancestor and develop different characteristics.
divergent
UNIT 10: ______ regulates blood glucose levels. a) insulin b) glucosis c) glucagon d) a & b e) a & c f) a & b & c
e) a & c
UNIT 8: Sweating allows a person to lose heat through the process of ______.
evaporation
UNIT 3: Symbiosis refers to the ecological relationship between different species that live in direct contact with each other. Some examples of these relationships include... a) mutualism b) parasitism c) commensalism d) a & b e) a & c f) a & b & c
f) a & b & c
UNIT 7: Pollination occurs by various means. Select all the ways that pollination does NOT occur. a) insects b) bats c) birds d) water e) deception f) none of the above
f) none of the above
UNIT 10: The male pelvis is lighter, wider, and has a broader angle between the pubic bones than the female pelvis. true or false
false
UNIT 11: A minimal amount of water and solutes in the blood plasma filter through the walls of the capillaries into tissues. true or false
false
UNIT 11: Atrioventricular (AV) valves ensure one-way flow out of the ventricle to the vessels. true or false
false
UNIT 11: Bronchi and bronchioles contain flagella that help move mucus and other particles out of the lungs. true or false
false
UNIT 11: White blood cells, leukocytes, make up 3% of our blood. true or false
false
UNIT 1: Mutations and Horizontal Gene Transfer are not important sources of genetic variation. true or false
false
UNIT 2: After speciation occurs, populations are still capable of interbreeding. true or false
false
UNIT 2: Ultimately, species remain separate because they do not share geographical regions. true or false
false
UNIT 3: Prokaryotes divide by binary fission and do not reproduce sexually. Therefore, genetic variation is not important. true or false
false
UNIT 3: Viroids are known to infect all types of cells, plant and animal. because they lack a protein coat. true or false
false
UNIT 3: Viruses have to enter eukaryotic cells by endocytosis or, if enveloped, by fusion with cell's membrane. Viral DNA is too unstable to enter a cell naked. true or false
false
UNIT 4: Protists contain only microscopic, single-celled organisms. true or false
false
UNIT 5: A key danger that had to be overcome in the movement of plants to terrestrial habitats was the threat of predators. true or false
false
UNIT 5: Dormancy allows the "clock to be stopped" during favorable conditions. true or false
false
UNIT 5: Gymnosperms are the most recently evolved plants. true or false
false
UNIT 6: A mass extinction is the devastating and rapid gain of genetic diversity. true or false
false
UNIT 7: All plants need fertilization in order to produce seeds. true or false
false
UNIT 7: Insects are digested by the plants. The bacteria absorb the smaller molecules. true or false
false
UNIT 8: Small, unicellular organisms get nutrients through osmosis. true or false
false
UNIT 8: The pituitary gland has ultimate control of testicular function. true or false
false
UNIT 9: The ability to taste sweet, salty, sour, and bitter is sectioned off to different parts of the tongue. true or false
false
UNIT 9: The cornea is a muscular ring that regulates the amount of light entering the eyes. true or false
false
UNIT 9: The most fundamental function of a sensory system is the translation of an electrical signal in the nervous system to the sensory signal. true or false
false
UNIT 9: When it comes to invertebrate nervous organization, they may have a nerve net or a ladder-like nervous system. Vertebrates are the only organisms complex enough to have a true nervous system. true or false
false
UNIT 2: If two species eat a different diet, but one of the food sources is eliminated, causing both species to eat the same food, what change in the hybrid zone is most likely to occur?
fusion
UNIT 10: Growth and cell replication is regulated by the ______ hormone.
growth
UNIT 1: Mutations and ______ are important sources of genetic variation.
horizontal gene transfer
UNIT 11: The term ______ refers to when the subject exhibits excessive breathing and their blood has abnormally low PCO@.
hyperventilation
UNIT 10: The ______ integrates the endocrine and nervous systems. choices: pituitary gland, thyroid, hypothalamus, peptide, thalamus
hypothalamus
UNIT 5: The vascular tissue, ______, transports products of photosynthesis throughout the entire plant.
phloem
UNIT 7: Mechanical transfer of pollen from anther to stigma known as ______.
pollination
UNIT 3: ______ are unique in that they contain no nucleic acids.
prions
UNIT 2: A mouse population that originally ranges from white to black becoming mostly grey over several generations is an example of what natural selection?
stabilizing
UNIT 1: The classification group genus contains more organisms than species. true or false
true
UNIT 1: The rule of parsimony states that the simplest explanation is usually the right one. This rule holds true for choosing cladograms. true or false
true
UNIT 2: Evolution has no long-term purpose or direction. true or false
true
UNIT 2: Natural selection does not create new traits, but edits or selects for traits that are already present within population. true or false
true
UNIT 3: Viroids infect plant cells. true or false
true
UNIT 4: Animals and fungi are more closely related to one another than either is to plants. true or false
true
UNIT 4: Fungi are heterotrophs that feed via absorption. true or false
true
UNIT 4: Lichens can look leaf-like. true or false
true
UNIT 5: Among the land plant adaptations, plants developed other pigments to prevent photodynamic damage from UVB like sunscreen. true or false
true
UNIT 5: Angiosperms are the dominant form of plant life in most terrestrial ecosystems, comprising about 90% of all plant species. true or false
true
UNIT 6: All animals are heterotrophs; they must consume living or dead organisms since they cannot synthesize their own food like herbivores, omnivores, or parasites. true or false
true
UNIT 6: All reptiles are tetrapods. true or false
true
UNIT 8: In human pregnancy, fertilization occurs soon after the oocyte leaves the ovary. true or false
true
UNIT 9: About 1000 new neurons develop in the hippocampus each day. true or false
true
UNIT 9: Foliate, circumvallate, and fungiform papillae are located on different regions of the tongue. true or false
true
UNIT 4: Match the protist to its method of transportation 1. Paramecium 2. Amoeba 3. Euglena a) pseudopodia b) cilia c) flagellum
1. Paramecium: b) cilia 2. Amoeba: a) pseudopodia 3. Euglena: c) flagellum
UNIT 1: Match the definition with the correct term: 1. Shows the ancestry relationship 2. Only shows the relatedness of organisms 3. It does not have a node 4. Reflect the most basal ancestor of tree in question a) unrooted tree b) rooted tree c) stem tree d) derooted tree
1. Shows the ancestry relationship: b) rooted tree 2. Only shows the relatedness of organisms: a) unrooted tree 3. It does not have a node: a) unrooted tree 4. Reflect the most basal ancestor of tree in question: b) rooted tree
UNIT 1: Math inductive and deductive reasoning to their correct definitions and examples: 1. Uses specific example to make a "general rule" 2. Takes a general rule and uses it to make a more specific example 3. My last year's Biology teacher is awesome. My Biology teacher this year is awesome. Therefore, all Biology teachers are awesome! 4. Quadrilaterals have four sides. Therefore, a square is a quadrilateral. 5. The first lipstick I pulled from my bag is red. The second lipstick I pulled from my bag is red. Therefore, all the lipsticks in my bag are red. 6. The first lipstick in my bag is red. All the lipsticks in my bag are red. Therefore, the second lipstick I pull from my bag will be red too. a) inductive reasoning b) deductive reasoning
1. Uses specific example to make a "general rule": a) inductive reasoning 2. Takes a general rule and uses it to make a more specific example: b) deductive reasoning 3. My last year's Biology teacher is awesome. My Biology teacher this year is awesome. Therefore, all Biology teachers are awesome!: a) inductive reasoning 4. Quadrilaterals have four sides. Therefore, a square is a quadrilateral.: b) deductive reasoning 5. The first lipstick I pulled from my bag is red. The second lipstick I pulled from my bag is red. Therefore, all the lipsticks in my bag are red.: a) inductive reasoning 6. The first lipstick in my bag is red. All the lipsticks in my bag are red. Therefore, the second lipstick I pull from my bag will be red too.: b) deductive reasoning
UNIT 10: Match the terms to the classification/definition of joints: 1. allow slight movement 2. synovial joints 3. free movement of the joint 4. joints that are immovable 5. fibrous joint 6. cartilaginous joints a) Diarthroses b) Giarthroses c) Andiarthroses d) Synarthroses e) Amphiarthroses f) Symparthroses
1. allow slight movement: e) Amphiarthroses 2. synovial joints: a) Diarthroses 3. free movement of the joint: a) Diarthroses 4. joints that are immovable: d) Synarthroses 5. fibrous joint: d) Synarthroses 6. cartilaginous joints: e) Amphiarthroses