Biology 106

The molecule that serves as the energy currency of cells is abbreviated as

ATP

Which of the following statements best describes ATP?

ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and three phosphate groups

Which of the following is a role that proteins play in living organisms?

Act as enzymes to digest nutrient molecules

Proteins can play many diverse roles in cells. Select all of the following that are functions of proteins.

Act as signaling molecules in our nervous system Function as enzymes in the digestive system

Proteins are made of "building blocks" called ____ acids.

Amino

Chemical ____ are lasting attractions between atoms, ions, or molecules that enable the formation of compounds.

Bonds

ATP molecules are able to store and transport ____ energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups.

Chemical

The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into ____ energy, which is the energy form that is usable by organisms for life processes.

Chemical

Solar energy is converted into chemical energy by ____ within plant cells.

Chloroplasts

Which of the following types of reactions occurs when individual nucleotide monomers join together to form a strand of RNA, a large nucleic acid polymer?

Dehydration synthesis reaction

The ability to do work or bring about change is called

Energy

When the bonds within a chemical molecule are broken _____ is released, which fuels life processes.

Energy

Which of the following types of reactions uses water to break apart polymers into their individual monomers?

Hydrolytic reactions

Glucose and starch are both carbohydrates. Why does glucose produce a negative result when testing using iodine?

Iodine only tests for polysaccharides, and glucose is a monosaccharide.

Chemical bonds join small ____ to make larger polymers.

Monomers

Small molecular subunits called ____ form chemical bonds to make larger polymers.

Monomers

Starch is a storage form of carbohydrate in ____________.

Plants

Large molecules that are composed of two or more repeating smaller units are called

Polymers

Energy nutrients that function as enzymes in the digestive system and act as signaling molecules in the nervous system are called

Proteins

Select all of the following roles that carbohydrates fulfill within living organisms.

Providing long term energy storage in plants and animals Providing energy for life processes Providing structural support for plants

There are 20 different possible _____ and they are what give amino acids their chemical identity.

R groups

The process of photosynthesis converts ____ energy, which is the source of all energy on Earth, into chemical energy, which is usable by organisms for life processes.

Solar

Which of the following best describes potential energy?

Stored energy or energy that has the ability to do work because of its position

Which of the following best describes energy?

The capacity or power to do work, or to transfer power elsewhere

Select the three components that are found in all amino acids.

Variable R group Amino group Carboxyl group

Which of the following are commonly found in energy drinks?

Vitamins

Proteins are _____________consisting of long chains of amino acid ___________.

polymers, monomers

Benedict's solution tests for _____________.

simple sugars

The most common lipids are _______________.

triglycerides

A positive result for the Benedict test occurs anytime the reagent changes from its original blue color.

true

All amino acids contain a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a

variable R group.