Biology 106
The molecule that serves as the energy currency of cells is abbreviated as
ATP
Which of the following statements best describes ATP?
ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and three phosphate groups
Which of the following is a role that proteins play in living organisms?
Act as enzymes to digest nutrient molecules
Proteins can play many diverse roles in cells. Select all of the following that are functions of proteins.
Act as signaling molecules in our nervous system Function as enzymes in the digestive system
Proteins are made of "building blocks" called ____ acids.
Amino
Chemical ____ are lasting attractions between atoms, ions, or molecules that enable the formation of compounds.
Bonds
ATP molecules are able to store and transport ____ energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups.
Chemical
The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into ____ energy, which is the energy form that is usable by organisms for life processes.
Chemical
Solar energy is converted into chemical energy by ____ within plant cells.
Chloroplasts
Which of the following types of reactions occurs when individual nucleotide monomers join together to form a strand of RNA, a large nucleic acid polymer?
Dehydration synthesis reaction
The ability to do work or bring about change is called
Energy
When the bonds within a chemical molecule are broken _____ is released, which fuels life processes.
Energy
Which of the following types of reactions uses water to break apart polymers into their individual monomers?
Hydrolytic reactions
Glucose and starch are both carbohydrates. Why does glucose produce a negative result when testing using iodine?
Iodine only tests for polysaccharides, and glucose is a monosaccharide.
Chemical bonds join small ____ to make larger polymers.
Monomers
Small molecular subunits called ____ form chemical bonds to make larger polymers.
Monomers
Starch is a storage form of carbohydrate in ____________.
Plants
Large molecules that are composed of two or more repeating smaller units are called
Polymers
Energy nutrients that function as enzymes in the digestive system and act as signaling molecules in the nervous system are called
Proteins
Select all of the following roles that carbohydrates fulfill within living organisms.
Providing long term energy storage in plants and animals Providing energy for life processes Providing structural support for plants
There are 20 different possible _____ and they are what give amino acids their chemical identity.
R groups
The process of photosynthesis converts ____ energy, which is the source of all energy on Earth, into chemical energy, which is usable by organisms for life processes.
Solar
Which of the following best describes potential energy?
Stored energy or energy that has the ability to do work because of its position
Which of the following best describes energy?
The capacity or power to do work, or to transfer power elsewhere
Select the three components that are found in all amino acids.
Variable R group Amino group Carboxyl group
Which of the following are commonly found in energy drinks?
Vitamins
Proteins are _____________consisting of long chains of amino acid ___________.
polymers, monomers
Benedict's solution tests for _____________.
simple sugars
The most common lipids are _______________.
triglycerides
A positive result for the Benedict test occurs anytime the reagent changes from its original blue color.
true
All amino acids contain a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a
variable R group.