Biology

Which of the following characteristics are associated with a gene being inheritable? Select all that apply.

A trait must be encoded in the genes of our DNA A copy of the trait must be able to pass from one generation to another One copy for every gene in an organism is inherited from each of their parents

Which of the following statements concerning chromosomes is/are true? Select all that apply

Chromosomes are composed of DNA and packaging proteins called histones so they may fit tightly into the nucleus of a cell. Located on each chromosome are segments of DNA known as genes or units of inheritance that code for functional products.Located DNA replication occurs prior to the cell cycle, in which copies of each homologous chromosomes are made and each of these copies are called sister chromatids. After replication, sister chromatids, which are identical copies of a chromosome, contain identical allele combinations.

Which of the following are examples of genetic diseases? Select all that apply.

Sickle-cell disease Cystic fibrosis

Which of the following statements concerning DNA replication is/are true? Select all that apply.

Starting off as a single cell with a combination of genetic information from both parents, copies of DNA are passed on from cell to cell in the bodies of multicellular organisms. Each of the parental strands of DNA acts as a template for the construction of a new daughter strand. There is complementary base pairing between the DNA strands: a cytosine on one strand is paired to guanine on the other side, resulting in daughter strands that are complementary to the template strand. The appropriate adjective to describe DNA replication is semiconservative since after replication, each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Which of the following statements concerning the basic characteristics of a gene is false?

The majority of genes contain information to code for physical traits.

Once upon a time, there was a king and a queen. The king wanted to have a male successor. The queen, however, gave birth to a daughter. So the king exiled the queen. Based on your biology knowledge, the king's action is

It's not the queen's fault, the Y chromosome carried by the sperm determines the sex of the child

Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene?

Genetic information that produces a product, either proteins or RNA

The process of __________ is when the information contained within the nucleotides of a DNA molecule is expressed as functional product called a protein.

gene expression

A(n) __________ disease is one that is caused by a change in the DNA sequence of an individual. If the abnormality occurs within the gametes, the abnormality can be passed on from one generation to the next.

genetic

When performing an examination of human blood, Dr. Zoey noted that there are different components of blood and each vary in their abilities to carry oxygen. First, the liquid portion of human blood is unable to absorb large quantities of oxygen and cannot meet the body's oxygen demands. Secondly, __________, the protein inside red blood cells, is responsible for transporting most of the oxygen in human blood.

hemoglobin

PCR is a technique used in the laboratory to __

make millions of copies of a gene of interest.

Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) are the __________ building blocks for DNA; they are organized in different combinations to code for all of the proteins needed to accomplish everything the cell does.

nucleotide

Which of the following statements are true concerning genes? Select all that apply.

When a gene codes for a protein product, that gene is involved in the expression of a trait. Genes code genetic information for the transmission of inherited traits. It is rare for a gene to function by itself. Instead, complex interactions and environmental influences determine how the information in a gene is actually expressed as a trait.

DNA is a double helix consisting of two strands orientated in an __________ configuration meaning the 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to direction of the other strand.

antiparallel

Sickle-cell disease is a disorder that results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. What is the result of this in terms of hemoglobin function?

Hemoglobin has a reduced ability to bind to and transport oxygen in red blood cells.

Review the following statements about hemoglobin. Which of the statements is true?

Hemoglobin, a globular protein with an embedded heme group, efficiently binds to oxygen from the lungs and releases it near cells that are performing cellular respiration.

__________, a four-polypeptide chain protein found in the red blood cells of the circulatory system, plays a crucial role in making sure cells in the body have oxygen they need to perform their functions.

hemoglobin

Based on the structure and arrangements of nucleotides in the __________ molecule, the molecule is an information molecule. It stores instructions and is read to produce proteins that direct cellular reproduction, produce new cellular components, and initiate cellular reproduction.

DNA

Review the following statements about mutations. Which of the statements concerning mutations is false?

Due to multiple mutations in the hemoglobin gene, these changes prevent the complex hemoglobin protein to fold correctly, resulting in the sickle cell shape of the red blood cells.

Sickle-cell disease results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. Which cell type contains millions of hemoglobin molecules per cell?

Red blood cells

The nucleotides along one side of a DNA molecule are connected to each other by __________ between phosphate groups and sugar molecules.

covalent bonds