Biology 8.4 Test Review

Examples of unicellular organisms

Bacteria, amoebas, algae, and yeast are unicellular organisms.

Levels of Organization

Cell --> Tissue --> Organ --> Organ System The levels make up one another and they all work together to keep the organism functioning and maintain homeostasis.

How do cells communicate?

Cells communicate by sending chemical signals that are passed from one cell to another.

How are cells interdependent?

Cells send and receive signals from other cells.

How does the human body maintain homeostasis?

Sweating, shivering, and hunger are ways that the body maintains homeostasis.

What part of sleep helps strengthen skills from the day?

REM sleep is the part of sleep that focuses on the brain and can strengthen skills and knowledge from throughout the day.

Characteristics of RBCs:

Red blood cells are stained pink under a microscope and are small cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Function of RBCs:

Red blood cells carry oxygen to the cells of your body and pick up carbon dioxide as waste.

Homeostasis

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

What's the difference between a trained heart's blood volume and an untrained heart's blood volume?

A trained heart's blood volume is higher than an untrained heart's blood volume.

What does antidiuretic hormone do?

ADH tells your kidneys how much water to conserve and balances the amount of water in the blood.

Organ system

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform a particular function

Organ

A group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions

Adrenaline

A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress produced by the adrenal gland that triggers the body's fight or flight response in a threatening situation

What does adrenaline do for the body?

Adrenaline increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose to help the body in threatening situations. It is made by the adrenal gland and affects your "fight or flight" response.

How do chemical signals work?

Chemical signals are sent from one cell to another and can cause an activity to speed up, slow down, or change.

11 systems of the body

Digestive, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Nervous, Reproductive, Skeletal, Muscular, Lymphatic, Endocrine, Urinary, Integumentary

Chloroplast

Green, oval-shaped structures where photosynthesis occurs, usually found in the leaves of most plants

Examples of multicellular organisms

Humans, plants, and animals are multicellular organisms.

Specialization of cells contribution to homeostasis

In animals, red blood cells carry gases to and from the body. In plants, chloroplasts are specialized to carry out photosynthesis

How does fat act as fuel?

It breaks down into glucose when the body runs out of food or energy to complete a task.

ATP

Main energy of cells produced by the mitochondria and stored by muscles to use in an emergency

What organisms have specialized cells?

Multicellular organisms such as plants and animals have specialized cells.

Where are receptors found?

Nerve receptors can be found cell membrane or cytoplasm.

What system responds first after stimulus?

Nervous System

Receptor

On or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone

If given a scenario of a stimulus, be able to reason how and why your body responds the way it does?

Sensitivity occurs when an organism is affected by a stimulus and your body reacts.

Capillaries

The narrowest vessel that are only as wide as a single red blood cell

How many RBCs do we have in a cubic millimeter?

There are 5 million red blood cells in each cubic millimeter of blood.

maintaining homeostasis. Unicellular? Multi-cellular

To maintain homeostasis, unicellular organisms grow, respond to the environment, transform energy, and reproduce. The cells of multi-cellular organisms become specialized for particular tasks and communicate with one another to maintain homeostasis.

How does your body maintain homeostasis in these situations:

When you're cold, your body shivers to make your muscles move to release heat for the body. When you're hot, you sweat to release the heat to cool down the body. When glucose is low, you need insulin so the body can absorb sugar from the blood steam. If your blood glucose is high, exercise regularly, drink lots of water, increase fiber, control stress, and watch your portion intake.

How does blood pressure interact with the heartbeat?

Your blood pressure is the force of your blood moving through your blood vessels, while heartbeat sends blood through your vessels.