Biology Chapter 1

genome

"library" of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

4 Kingdoms of Domain Eukarya

- Plantae - Animalia - Fungi - Protista

How do science and technology interact?

- Technology advances from scientific research - research benefits from new technologies

Characteristics of living things

- order -Regulation of internal conditions - growth and development - energy processing - response to the environment - reproduction

How are humans agents of evolution?

- selective breeding - cause evolution of antibiotic-resistance - loss of species through habitat loss and climate change

3 Domains

-Archaea - Bacteria - Eukarya

Life's hierarchy of organization

-Biosphere -Ecosystem -Community - population -organism -organ system - organ - tissue - cell - organelles - molecuels

Darwin's Theory of Evolution

-Individual variation - Overproduction of offspring - unequal reproduction - accumulation of favorable traits over time

taxonomy

-The scientific study of how living things are classified -the naming of species

ecosystem

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

genus

A classification grouping that consists of a number of similar, closely related species

Organ

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

species

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

cell

Basic unit of life

Genetic material

DNA or RNA

Decomposers

Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms for nutrients

consumers

Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food.

producers

Organisms that make their own food

Nutrient flow

The cycle of movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter

independent variable

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

dependent variable

The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.

Evolutionary relationship between red pandas, raccoons, and giant pandas?

They are in the same family tree

Evolution is the core theme of biology

True

organims

a living entity

population

a localized group of individuals capable of producing fertile offspring

biosphere

all the environments on the earth that support life

community

all the living things in a particular ecosystem

science

an approach to understanding the natural world through evidence-based inquiry

Qualitative data

descriptive data

Organelle

membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell

Quantitative data

numerical data

descent with modification

principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time

gene expression

process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function

data

results of experimentation

systems biology

the exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts

emergent properties

the result from the arrangement and interactions among component parts -"the whole is greater than some of its parts"

biology

the study of living organisms

Energy flow

the transfer of energy in a linear manner

genes

unit of inheritance that transmits information from parent to offspring -DNA

Energy enters an ecosystem as______ and leaves as_______.

-enters as solar radiation -leaves as heat

hypothesis

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

organ system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

tissue

group of similar cells that perform a particular function