Biology Chapter 1 and 2 Review
What is an example of an organ?
Brain
What is the understanding of nature through carful observation and testing of hypotheses?
Goal of Science
What are the 3 types of variables?
Independent, Dependent, and controlled
how do you write the hypothesis?
"If-then" format
What is reproduction and inheritance about?
"like begets like"
DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule responsible for inheritance; nucleic avid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
What are the ten themes that unify the study of life?
1. Biological Systems 2. Cellular Basis of Life 3. Form and Function 4. Reproduction and Inheritance 5. Interaction with the environment 6. Energy and Life 7. Regulation 8. Adaptation and Evolution 9. Biology and Society 10. Scientific Inquiry
What are the steps to the scientific method?
1. observation 2. ask a question 3. background research 4. hypothesis 5. test your hypothesis by doing an experiment 6. conclusion
What is a population?
a localized group of organisms that are of the same species
What is evolution?
a process of change
What is an example of a system?
a soccer team
biosphere
all the part of the planet that are inhabited by living things, sum of all Earth's ecosystems
What is adaptation?
an inherited trait that helps the organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its particular environment
What is dependent?
any change from the independent
What is controlled?
any factor that is not being tested but is in the experiment
biotic
any living part of an environment
What is DNA composed of?
atoms
What is the basis of all living things and non-living things?
atoms
cell
basic unit of living matter, separated from its environment by plasma membrane
All the parts of the planet Earth that include living things is called what?
biosphere
domain
broadest category used to classify life forms
prokaryotic cell
cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles
eukaryotic cell
cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles
What are all organisms made up of?
cells
What is DNA?
chemical responsible for inheritance
What is the male symbol?
circle with a arrow pointing to the up right corner
What is the female symbol?
circle with a line going down and then a line crossing through the line going down
ecosystem
community of living things plus the nonliving features of the environment that support them
system
complex organization formed from a simpler combination of parts
What is a system?
complex organization from from a simpler combination of parts
What is a molecule?
composed up of many atoms
unicellular
consisting of a single cell
multicellular
consisting of many cells
What are the two types of groups?
controlled group and the experimental group
What is interpolation?
data that is between two known points on a graph
What is extrapolation?
data that is not beyond two known points on a graph
What is the y-axis in a graph?
dependent variable
What is discovery science?
describes natural structures or processes as accurately as possible through carful observations and data collection
species
distinct form of life
What are biospheres made up of?
ecosystems
Where might life be found on Earth?
ecosystems
WHen does modern day biology change?
everyday
What is form and function?
form fits function
How do biologists explore life?
from the global to the microscopic scale
evolution
generation-to-generation change in the proportion of different inherited genes in a population that accounts for al of the changes that have transformed life over an immense time
What is a tissue?
group of cells working together
population
group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the same time
What are electrons?
have a negative charge; located in the electron cloud outside the nucleus
What are neutrons?
have a neutral charge; located in the nucleus
What are protons?
have a positive charge; located in the nucleus
What is the x-axis in a graph?
independent variable
adaptation
inherited characteristics that improve an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Where are the DNA and the genes found?
inside the nucleus
homeostasis
internal stability or "steady stability" maintained by the body
What is homeostasis?
internal stability or "steady state" maintained in the body
What is "bio-"?
life
What is a cell?
life's basic unit of structure and function
organism
living thing
What is inference?
logical conclusion based on your observation
What is unicellular?
made up of 1 cell
What is multicellular?
made up of many cells
What is the process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment eave more offsprings than do other individuals?
natural selection
What is an example for a cell?
nerve cell
What is an example of a tissue?
nerve tissue
What is an example of an organ system?
nervous system
What is qualitative data?
non-numerical data
abiotic
nonliving physical or chemical condition in an environment
What is the controlled group?
normal group
What are some examples of organelles?
nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, Golgi bodies, etc.
What is quantitative data?
numerical data
What are parts of a cell that have specific function?
organelles
producer
organism that makes its own food (autotroph) and produces organic molecules that serve as food for other organisms in its ecosystem
consumer
organism that obtains food by eating producers (autotrophs) or other consumers
What are individual living things?
organisms
What is an organ system?
organs working together
What is process by which plants obtain water and nutrients from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air, and energy from sunlight to make their own food?
photosynthesis
What is a model?
physical, mental, or mathematical presentation of how people understand a process or an idea
natural selection
process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals
photosynthesis
process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar's
What are atoms composed of?
protons, neutrons, and electrons
What are genes?
specific sections of the DNA or the unit of inheritance
neutron
subatomic particle that has no change (is electrically natural)
electron
subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electronic charge
proton
subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electric charge
What is the scientific method?
systemic method of answering the scientific question
What are ecosystems?
the community of living things (biotic) and non living things (abiotic) features of the environment that support the living community
What is the experimental group?
the experimental group
What are atoms?
the simplest unit of an element
What is "-ology"?
the study of
What is biology?
the study of life
What is all the energy from in an ecosystem?
the sun
What is independent?
the variable being tested
Theory v.s. Hypothesis?
theory is a well-tested explanation and a hypothesis is an educated guess
What is a organ?
tissues working together
What is the goal for technology?
to apply scientific understanding for some specific purpose
gene
unit of inherited information in DNA
How do these organism adapt to their environment?
variation among individuals within a population due to the unique combination of inherited genes
What is the scientific inquiry?
way to answer scientific questions
What is a theory?
well-tested explanation that makes sense
