Biology Chapter 1 Study Guide
the prefix milli- means...
0.001
The prefix centi- means...
0.01
What is a control group?
A control group serves as a standard of comparison because the group receives no experimental treatment./ a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group to which the control group is identical except for one factor
What is an experimental group?
A group that is identical to the control group except for one factor, the variable.
What is a theory?
A highly tested, generally accepted principle that explains a vast number of observations and experimental data./ an explanation that explains a broad range of data
What is the main difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction for a limited set of conditions and a theory is a general explanation for a broad range of data.
What is sterile technique?
A method of keeping unwanted microorganisms out of a lab to minimize the risk of contamination.
What are ethics and what are 3 reasons scientific investigations require ethical behavior?
A system of moral principles and values. Scientists rely on other scientists so they must be trustworthy and have reliable work. Scientists must only report accurate data to avoid false hope or accusations. Scientists must be ethical to keep everyone safe.
What is the law of gravity?
A universal law that everything in the universe is subject to. (bad definition but kind of what it was during quizlet live)
KNOW YOUR METRIC CONVERSIONS
LOOK IN YOUR BOOK ;)
What are the four key steps to practicing good scientific thought?
Making observations, using evidence to draw conclusions, being skeptical about ideas, and being open to change when new discoveries are made
Why do scientists use microscopes and what are 2 types?
Microscopes magnify organisms that are too small to see by the unaided eye. a light microscope and an electron microscope
What do most scientific investigations begin with?
Most scientific investigations begin with observations that lead to questions.
Why do scientific investigations require ethical behavior?
Scientific experimentation can have serious implications such as reporting false or misleading information (scientists rely on the work of others so this could cause there to be doubt), giving false claims or hopes, or putting others in danger during experimentation.
What are some lab techniques? (bad question/ probs not on the test)
Scientist always keep detailed and accurate notes and perform precise measurements. They also use specialized tools, such as microscopes, and specialized procedures, such as sterile technique.
How do scientists test hypotheses?
Scientist conduct controlled experiments or perform studies in order to test hypotheses
Why do all scientist use SI?
Scientists need to share a common measurement system and it is scaled in multiple of 10, which makes it easy to use.
What is SI?
The International System of Units or the official name of the metric system
Why must scientist use caution when working in the lab?
To avoid dangers such as chemical burns, exposure to radiation, exposure to infectious disease, animal bites, poisonous plants.
What is a dependent variable?
factors that may change in response to the independent variable
What devices allow scientists to collect data remotely?
Tracking devices on animals; satellites; GPS
What are universal laws?
Truths that are valid everywhere in the universe.
What is a variable?
a factor that is changed throughout an experiment
What is skepticism?
a habit of mind in which a person questions the validity of accepted ideas/ a questioning and often doubtful attitude
What is a hypothesis?
a possible explanation that can be tested by observation or experimentation but ARE NOT guesses
What is an experiment?
a procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to test a hypothesis/ a procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory, or general truth
Define the 9 branches of biology
biochem-- chemistry of life ecology-- how organisms interact with each other and their environment cell biology-- life on the cellular level genetics-- how organisms pass traits to their offspring evolutionary theory-- changes in types of organisms over time microbiology-- microscopic organisms botany-- plants zoology-- animals physiology--human body
What are the 9 fields of biology?
biochemistry, ecology, cell biology, genetics, evolutionary theory, microbiology, botany, zoology, and physiology
what is the smallest unit capable of life?
cell
What are the seven properties of life?
cellular organization, homeostasis, metabolism, responsiveness, reproduction, heredity, and growth
what is reproduction?
process where organisms make more of themselves
What should you do if an accident occurs?
remain calm, make sure you and no one else is in danger, inform teacher, follow their instructions, and know location and operation of safety equipment
What is observation?
the act of noting or perceiving objects or events by using the senses.
what is development?
the changing and growing of a single organism throughout a single lifetime
what is evolution?
the changing of a species' traits over generations
what is homeostasis?
the maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changes in the external environment
What is responsiveness?
when living organisms respond to their external environment
the prefix kilo- means...
1,000
Put these in order: 1. drawing a conclusion 2. forming a hypothesis 3. making observations 4. asking questions 5. Carrying out experiments
3, 4, 2, 5, 1
Why is studying science important? (list at least 4 reasons)
An understanding of science can help you take better care of your health, be a wiser consumer, become a better-informed citizen, and give you the knowledge to solve problems in the world.
What does a meter measure? liter? gram?
length/ volume/ mass
List at least 5 ways to stay safe during experiments
listen carefully and follow instructions/ read lab procedure before beginning/ don't take any shortcuts/ always wear safety goggles/ measure chemical precisely/ never taste or smell lab materials/ don't use damaged or defective equipment/ keep your lab area clean/ pay attention to where you are walking/ make sure your equipment is secure when set down/ where hat and sunscreen when outside/ avoid poisonous plants and animals
what is heredity?
the process of passing on traits to offspring during reproduction
what is metabolism?
the result of all chemical reactions being carried out in an organism
What is an independent variable?
the single factor that the scientists changes in an experiment
What is biology?
the study of life
What word is used differently by scientists than by the general public?
theory
