Biology Chapters 15-16.1

False

Adaptations can be physical characteristics but not more complex features such as behavior

Adapt

Although some of his ideas were incorrect, Lamarck is credited with identifying that species---to their environment

Adaptation

Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

contained evidence for evolution and described natural selection

Darwin book On the Origin of Species

Convergent Evolution

Darwin would argue that the muskrat in North America and the similar looking coypu in South America, although unrelated, would be an example of --- ---

the work of Mendell

Darwin's concept of evolution was NOT influenced by

Natural Variation

Differences among individuals of a species are referred to as

false

Genetic variation is found only in wild organisms in nature

On the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed

Somewhat similar species with traits that suited their particular environment.

Alfred Wallace

The naturalist whose essay gave Darwin an incentive to publish his own work was --- ---

Gene Pool

combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population

Struggle for Existence

competition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life

Natural Variation

differences among individuals of a species

Artificial Selection

selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms

Natural Selection

selects trait that increase fitness, takes place without human control, and leads to an increase in a specie's fitness.

Homologous Structures

structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues

Single-Gene Trait

trait controlled by a single gene

Polygenic Trait

trait controlled by two or more genes

Artificial Selection

Humans breeding preferred types of dogs, cows that produce a lot of milk, or large crop plants would all be examples of--- ---

Explain what Darwin meant by the phrase survival of the fittest.

Individuals that are better suited to their environment with high levels of fitness survive and reproduce most successfully

Artificial Selection

Is also called selective breeding, occurs when humans select natural variations they find useful, and produces organisms that look very different from their ancestors

Tendency towards perfection

Lamarck's theory of evolution was based mainly on the idea of

Thomas Malthus

One scientist who attempted to explain how rock layers form and change over time was

Natural Selection

Survival of the Fittest

What does the phrase struggle for existence mean?

That members of each species compete regularly to obtain food living space and other necessities of life

Fitness

The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

common decent

The principle that all species were derived from common ancestors is known as

descent with modification

The principle that living species descend, with changes, from other species over time is referred to as

He developed a scientific hypothesis to explain how evolution occurs.

What was Darwin's greatest contribution?

false

When Darwin returned to England, he rushed to publish his thoughts about evolution.

Survival of the Fittest

When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin's concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?

Darwin viewed the fossil record as

a record of the history of life

Fitness

ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment

Adaptation

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

Relative Frequency

number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur

Vestigial Organ

organ that serves no useful function in an organism

Common Descent

principle that all living things have a common ancestor

Descent with Modification

principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time

Survival of the Fittest

process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection

Natural Selection

process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest