Biology Chapters 15-16.1
False
Adaptations can be physical characteristics but not more complex features such as behavior
Adapt
Although some of his ideas were incorrect, Lamarck is credited with identifying that species---to their environment
Adaptation
Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
contained evidence for evolution and described natural selection
Darwin book On the Origin of Species
Convergent Evolution
Darwin would argue that the muskrat in North America and the similar looking coypu in South America, although unrelated, would be an example of --- ---
the work of Mendell
Darwin's concept of evolution was NOT influenced by
Natural Variation
Differences among individuals of a species are referred to as
false
Genetic variation is found only in wild organisms in nature
On the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
Somewhat similar species with traits that suited their particular environment.
Alfred Wallace
The naturalist whose essay gave Darwin an incentive to publish his own work was --- ---
Gene Pool
combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
Struggle for Existence
competition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life
Natural Variation
differences among individuals of a species
Artificial Selection
selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms
Natural Selection
selects trait that increase fitness, takes place without human control, and leads to an increase in a specie's fitness.
Homologous Structures
structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues
Single-Gene Trait
trait controlled by a single gene
Polygenic Trait
trait controlled by two or more genes
Artificial Selection
Humans breeding preferred types of dogs, cows that produce a lot of milk, or large crop plants would all be examples of--- ---
Explain what Darwin meant by the phrase survival of the fittest.
Individuals that are better suited to their environment with high levels of fitness survive and reproduce most successfully
Artificial Selection
Is also called selective breeding, occurs when humans select natural variations they find useful, and produces organisms that look very different from their ancestors
Tendency towards perfection
Lamarck's theory of evolution was based mainly on the idea of
Thomas Malthus
One scientist who attempted to explain how rock layers form and change over time was
Natural Selection
Survival of the Fittest
What does the phrase struggle for existence mean?
That members of each species compete regularly to obtain food living space and other necessities of life
Fitness
The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
common decent
The principle that all species were derived from common ancestors is known as
descent with modification
The principle that living species descend, with changes, from other species over time is referred to as
He developed a scientific hypothesis to explain how evolution occurs.
What was Darwin's greatest contribution?
false
When Darwin returned to England, he rushed to publish his thoughts about evolution.
Survival of the Fittest
When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin's concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
Darwin viewed the fossil record as
a record of the history of life
Fitness
ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
Adaptation
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
Relative Frequency
number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur
Vestigial Organ
organ that serves no useful function in an organism
Common Descent
principle that all living things have a common ancestor
Descent with Modification
principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time
Survival of the Fittest
process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection
Natural Selection
process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest
