Biology Chapters 7, 8, and 9
The centromere is a region in which
chromatids of a duplicated chromosome are attached to one another and where the DNA is pinched in a bit.
During which phase(s) of mitosis do we find chromosomes composed of two chromatids (duplicated chromosome)?
from G2 of interphase through metaphase
Which of the following does not occur during mitosis? -packaging of the chromosomes -replication of the DNA -spindle formation -separation of the centrosomes -separation of sister chromatids
replication of the DNA
Asexual reproduction requires __________ individual(s).
1
Which of the following organisms does not use mitosis to make another cell?
Bacterium
True or False: Binary fission uses a spindle (network of microtubules made by centrosomes) for separation of daughter chromosomes, just as in mitosis.
False
True or False: Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis occurs on the cytosol of the cell.
False
True or False: Chlorophyll b is the pigment most involved in the reaction centers of photosystems.
False
True or False: Chlorophyll c is a major photosynthetic pigment in plants.
False
True or False: Crossing over occurs during anaphase I.
False
True or False: DNA replication occurs in the last stage of interphase just before mitosis.
False
True or False: During photosynthesis, oxygen is used by a plant to breakdown a carbohydrate and release oxygen.
False
True or False: Each gamete contains two sex chromosomes.
False
True or False: Only plants are capable of photosynthesis.
False
True or False: Oxygen production in photosynthesis involves photosystem I.
False
True or False: Photorespiration is the process by which light is used to release the stored energy in carbohydrate molecules to perform all work in plant cells.
False
True or False: Sources of genetic variation in a sexually reproduction arises only from fertilization.
False
True or False: Tetrads are arranged along the equator during metaphase II.
False
True or False: The Calvin cycle requires light.
False
True or False: The centromere holds the homologous chromosomes together in meiosis II.
False
True or False: The end product of the Calvin cycle is ribulose bisphosphate.
False
True or False: The haploid (n) number of chromosomes is found in nearly all body cells of humans and most other animals.
False
True or False: The light independent reactions of the Calvin cycle occur in the thylakoids.
False
True or False: The light-dependent reactions occur after light-independent reactions in the process of photosynthesis.
False
True or False: The overall function of meiosis is growth of the overall individual.
False
True or False: The protons that accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystem I and II remain there.
False
True or False: The replication of DNA and the duplication of genes occurs during mitosis.
False
True or False: The replication of DNA occurs twice during meiosis.
False
True or False: The term granum refers to the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast.
False
True or False: There is only one division in meiosis.
False
True or False: To pull the sister chromatids apart, the microtubule spindle fibers grow longer.
False
A particular cell has not replicated its DNA yet. The cell in question is most likely in
G1
The genetic material is duplicated during
S phase
How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle?
The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.
All of the following occur during mitosis except... -the synthesis of DNA. -the formation of a spindle. -the condensing of chromosomes. -the disappearance of the nucleolus. -the uncoupling of chromatids at the centromere.
The synthesis of DNA
True or False: A microtubule organizing center (centrosome) is located at each pole of the dividing cell in both plants and animals.
True
True or False: Another name for a tetrad is a bivalent.
True
True or False: Brain cells (neurons) are constantly in G0 phase of interphase. This means that they are not able to regenerate after injury.
True
True or False: Carbon dioxide is used in the synthesis of glucose.
True
True or False: Cell division in eukaryotes involves separate processes called mitosis and cytokinesis.
True
True or False: Contact inhibition stops normal cells from dividing when they come in contact with neighboring cells, but this is not functional in cancer cells.
True
True or False: During anaphase I the association between members of a tetrad is disrupted and they separate.
True
True or False: Fossil fuels are full of energy stored from photosynthesis millions of years ago.
True
True or False: Homologous chromosomes are similar in size, similar in shape and location of the centromere, and carry the genetic code for the same traits.
True
True or False: If a sperm contains 4 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has 8 chromosomes.
True
True or False: In anaphase II of meiosis the chromatids are split, breaking the centromere.
True
True or False: Meiosis leads to gametogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis.
True
True or False: Plants are green because they reflect green wavelengths of light.
True
True or False: Protons (H+) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystem I and II.
True
True or False: Spindle fibers connect to the Kinetochore fibers meiosis.
True
True or False: The centromere holds the sister chromatids together in meiosis I.
True
True or False: The chromosome tetrads are located at the metaphase plate during metaphase I.
True
True or False: The membrane of the thylakoids is associated with the process of electron transport.
True
True or False: The overall function of meiosis is to create genetically different gametes.
True
True or False: The products of photosynthesis are oxygen and glucose.
True
True or False: The ultimate source of energy for most organisms is the sun.
True
True or False: Viruses and chemical exposure can cause mutations in proto-oncogenes which can lead to cancer.
True
One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that
cancer cells continue to divide even beyond their boundaries
In some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis occurring. This will result in
cells with more than one nucleus.
Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells?
centrosome