Biology Chapters 7, 8, and 9

The centromere is a region in which

chromatids of a duplicated chromosome are attached to one another and where the DNA is pinched in a bit.

During which phase(s) of mitosis do we find chromosomes composed of two chromatids (duplicated chromosome)?

from G2 of interphase through metaphase

Which of the following does not occur during mitosis? -packaging of the chromosomes -replication of the DNA -spindle formation -separation of the centrosomes -separation of sister chromatids

replication of the DNA

Asexual reproduction requires __________ individual(s).

1

Which of the following organisms does not use mitosis to make another cell?

Bacterium

True or False: Binary fission uses a spindle (network of microtubules made by centrosomes) for separation of daughter chromosomes, just as in mitosis.

False

True or False: Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis occurs on the cytosol of the cell.

False

True or False: Chlorophyll b is the pigment most involved in the reaction centers of photosystems.

False

True or False: Chlorophyll c is a major photosynthetic pigment in plants.

False

True or False: Crossing over occurs during anaphase I.

False

True or False: DNA replication occurs in the last stage of interphase just before mitosis.

False

True or False: During photosynthesis, oxygen is used by a plant to breakdown a carbohydrate and release oxygen.

False

True or False: Each gamete contains two sex chromosomes.

False

True or False: Only plants are capable of photosynthesis.

False

True or False: Oxygen production in photosynthesis involves photosystem I.

False

True or False: Photorespiration is the process by which light is used to release the stored energy in carbohydrate molecules to perform all work in plant cells.

False

True or False: Sources of genetic variation in a sexually reproduction arises only from fertilization.

False

True or False: Tetrads are arranged along the equator during metaphase II.

False

True or False: The Calvin cycle requires light.

False

True or False: The centromere holds the homologous chromosomes together in meiosis II.

False

True or False: The end product of the Calvin cycle is ribulose bisphosphate.

False

True or False: The haploid (n) number of chromosomes is found in nearly all body cells of humans and most other animals.

False

True or False: The light independent reactions of the Calvin cycle occur in the thylakoids.

False

True or False: The light-dependent reactions occur after light-independent reactions in the process of photosynthesis.

False

True or False: The overall function of meiosis is growth of the overall individual.

False

True or False: The protons that accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystem I and II remain there.

False

True or False: The replication of DNA and the duplication of genes occurs during mitosis.

False

True or False: The replication of DNA occurs twice during meiosis.

False

True or False: The term granum refers to the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast.

False

True or False: There is only one division in meiosis.

False

True or False: To pull the sister chromatids apart, the microtubule spindle fibers grow longer.

False

A particular cell has not replicated its DNA yet. The cell in question is most likely in

G1

The genetic material is duplicated during

S phase

How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle?

The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.

All of the following occur during mitosis except... -the synthesis of DNA. -the formation of a spindle. -the condensing of chromosomes. -the disappearance of the nucleolus. -the uncoupling of chromatids at the centromere.

The synthesis of DNA

True or False: A microtubule organizing center (centrosome) is located at each pole of the dividing cell in both plants and animals.

True

True or False: Another name for a tetrad is a bivalent.

True

True or False: Brain cells (neurons) are constantly in G0 phase of interphase. This means that they are not able to regenerate after injury.

True

True or False: Carbon dioxide is used in the synthesis of glucose.

True

True or False: Cell division in eukaryotes involves separate processes called mitosis and cytokinesis.

True

True or False: Contact inhibition stops normal cells from dividing when they come in contact with neighboring cells, but this is not functional in cancer cells.

True

True or False: During anaphase I the association between members of a tetrad is disrupted and they separate.

True

True or False: Fossil fuels are full of energy stored from photosynthesis millions of years ago.

True

True or False: Homologous chromosomes are similar in size, similar in shape and location of the centromere, and carry the genetic code for the same traits.

True

True or False: If a sperm contains 4 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has 8 chromosomes.

True

True or False: In anaphase II of meiosis the chromatids are split, breaking the centromere.

True

True or False: Meiosis leads to gametogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis.

True

True or False: Plants are green because they reflect green wavelengths of light.

True

True or False: Protons (H+) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystem I and II.

True

True or False: Spindle fibers connect to the Kinetochore fibers meiosis.

True

True or False: The centromere holds the sister chromatids together in meiosis I.

True

True or False: The chromosome tetrads are located at the metaphase plate during metaphase I.

True

True or False: The membrane of the thylakoids is associated with the process of electron transport.

True

True or False: The overall function of meiosis is to create genetically different gametes.

True

True or False: The products of photosynthesis are oxygen and glucose.

True

True or False: The ultimate source of energy for most organisms is the sun.

True

True or False: Viruses and chemical exposure can cause mutations in proto-oncogenes which can lead to cancer.

True

One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that

cancer cells continue to divide even beyond their boundaries

In some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis occurring. This will result in

cells with more than one nucleus.

Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells?

centrosome