Biology CST Questions
5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3' The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
4
Which fo the following base pair sequences could be produced in DNA replication
5' AGTCAT 3' 3' TCAGTA 5'
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human eggs and sperm cells at fertalization, the probability of producing female is
50%
In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is die to a recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal hearing is due to its dominant allele (D). What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous (Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) would be expected to have normal hearing?
50%
For the food chain shown, which of the following changes would hace the most severe consequences
A drastic decrease in rainfall, causing droughts
Which of these is best demonstrated bu the experiment above?
All frogs are genetically identical
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form, (B), or the recessive form, (b). The length of the cat's fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in th edominant form, (S), or the recessive form, (s). The table below shows the traits for these allele codes. The following genotypes were found in a male cat and a female cat. BbSs (male) bbSS (female). Which one of the following choices is true of the phenotype of offspring from these parents?
All offspring will have short haired fur
Which of these best illustrates natural selection
An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed succesfully
How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibodies
Bacterial diseases respond to antibodies; viral diseases do not
5' GTA_ _ _ AA 3' 3' CATGCATT 5'
CGT
Semi conservative replication of DNA refers to the idea that
DNA molecules need to unwind before duplication begins
There are many diffrent types of enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction
Different enzymes are synthesized in specific areas of the cytoplasm
Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging the proteins that the cell secretes
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following best describes meiosis
It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organisms
The diagram beloq shows Roslinds Franklins x-ray diffraction image of DNA. How did this evidence affect the work of Watson and Crick?
It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA
What causes the tomatoes to ripen much more slowly on a refrigerator than theu do if left on a table at room temperature
Low temperatures reduce the action of ripening enzymes
In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant and the gene for sepia eyes(r) is recessive. What are the possible combinations of genes in the offspring of two red-eyed heterozygous flies(Rr)
RR, Rr, and rr only
If a human baby boy inherits a recessive allele from his mother, in which circumstances would he most likely show the trait coded for by the recessive allele
The allele is on the X chromosome
Which of the following statements correctly describes meiosis?
The cells produced at the ends of meiosis contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
The table below lists the typical diploid number of chromosomes of several different organisms. Which of the following is the best explanation for why the chromosome number in each of these organisms?
The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is always an even number
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa), whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms. Based on this information, which of the following is likely to result
The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygous will survive to reproduce
Which of these would most likely cause a mutation?
The insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
In a pond, the primary producer is a green alga, Spirogyra; the primary consumer is the crustacean, Daphnia; the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill; and the tertiary consumer is a larger fish, the small mouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the Daphnia are killed with pesticides
The smallmouth bass population will die
In most stable freshwater enviorments, population of Daphniaare mostly entirely female and reproduce asexually. However, males are observed in low oxygen enviorments or when food is scarce. Based on these observations, a reasearcher suggests that male Daphnia develope in responce to unfavorable enviormental conditions. This is an example of a
Theory
rabbits introduced into Australia over 100 years ago have become a pest to farmers. Rabbit population increased so much that they displaced many native species of plant eaters, what is the most logical explanation for their increased numbers?
There are few effective predators
Which of the following best describes the use of population models in biology?
They can help predict outcomes
If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the possible genetic combinations that could be present in a single grain of pollen from this plant?
Ty, ty, tY, TY
A base sequence in shown below ACAGTGC How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?
UGUCACG
A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is pull pf polypeptide chains composed of only the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?
UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine
When the Mount St, Hellens volcano erupted, the blast civered much of the surrounding area with ash. Based on the diagram above, which lists shows the sequence of secondary succession that followed that eruption
Z, X, Y, W
A student filled two petri dishes with a clear cornstarch gel, then marked the letter "X" invisibly onto the gel in Petri dish 1 with a dump cotton swab. He then placed saliva from his mouth onto a second cotton swab and used that swab to mark the letter "X" invisibly onto the gel in Petri dish 2. Fifteen minutes later, he rinsed both Petri dishes with a dilute solution of iodine to indicate the presence of starch. The surface of Petri dish 1 turned completly blue, indicating starch> Most of th esurface of Petri dish 2 was blue, exceot the letter "X" was clear, as shown above
a chemical in the saliva broke down the starch in the gel
Swear and skin secretions contain a mixture of molecules that kills or limits the growth of many types of microbes. This control of microbes is an example of
a feedback loop to maintain homeostasis
One human disease is caused by a change in one codon on a gene from GAA to GUA. This disease is the result of
a mutation
Which of these best completes this concept map
a plant cell
Earth has undergone some catastrophic changes from time to time. Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth is continued following these catastrophes?
a wide diversity of species existed
The fight or flight response includes greater heart output and a rise in blood pressure. This response is due to
adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands
Some snake venoms are harmful because they contain enzymes that destroy blood cells or tissues. The damage caused by such a snakebite could best be slowed by
applying ice to the bite area
In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching.In order for this disease to be passed from generation there must be parent birds that
are heterozygous for the disease
Individuals with HIV sometimes contract a pneumonia infection that is rare in the rest of the population because people with HIV
are unable to fight off these pneumonia causing organisms
Complete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the
atmosphere
If a paleontologist finds fossils of many different species existing int he same area an approximately the same time, the paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
biological diversity
The chart shows four alleles at the same locus that affect rabbits coat color. Each allele is dominant to the ones below it. Rabbits with an albino or Himalayan coat are more susceptible to predators. Which of the following genotypes will produce a rabbit that is least likely to survive
cbc
The clear protein of an egg white becomes opaque and firm when cooked because the heat
changes the protein structure
The homeostasis mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of information from
chemical receptors
Which molecule in plant cells first captures the radiant energy from sunlight
chlorophyll
Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a sub species of giraffes that is geographically isolated from other subspecies of giraffes
chromosome number
Carbon dioxide is produced as cells break down nutrients for energy. Which of the following pairs of systems would participate in removing the carbon dioxide from the body
circulatory and repiratory
The respiratory system depends on the nervous system for signals to
coordinate muscles controlling breathing
THe diagram above shows homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?
crossing over in which alleles are exchanged
The graph below shows the birth rate and the death rate for a population during the 1900's. From 1900 to 2000 the population has
decreased
Maltose can be broken down into glucose moleculesby the enzyme maltase. which of the following would slow the reaction rate
diluting with water
Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
fungi and bacteria
The bacterium Argobacterium tunefaciens infects plants and, a portion of its DNA is inserted into the plants chromosomes. This causes the plant to produce gall cells, which manufactures amino acids that the bacterium uses as food. This process is a natural example of
genetic manipulation
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
genetic variation
Fossil evidence suggests that a number of members of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California, became several isolated species. Each of these new species lived in a different pond. Which of the following explains the cause of the speciation
geographical isolation
Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that
haploid cells are produced by meiosis
Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells
have nuclei
What is the greatest danger to a patient who has had damage to the skin
infections in uncovered tissues
A species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of every bird for several generations is known. Thsi allows a family tree of each breed to be developed. Some family groups have survived and others have died out. The group that survive probably have
inherited some advantageous variations
Genetic engineering has produced goats whose milk contains proteins that can be used as medicines. This effect was produced by
inserting foreign genes into fertilized goat eggs
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic probably affect this population
it will reduce genetic diversity
Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid
kelp
After a volcanic eruption has covered an area with lava, which of the following is the most liklet order of succession in the repopulation of the area?
lichens, grasses, shrubs, trees
The first stage of photosyntheis in a chloroplasts is
light dependent
According to this information, which group demonstrated the greatest biodiversity during the Creataceaous period
lizards
A strand of mRNA containg the repeating sequence AAGAAGAAGAAG could code for which of the following amino acid sequences?
lys-lys-lys-lys
A computer model of mitosis can simulate the aspects of cellular division quite well. However, microscopic observation of actual cellular mitosis can improve understanding because actual observations.
may reveal greater unknown complexities
The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms. This process is called?
meiosis
A cell from heart muscles would probably have an unusual high proportion of
mitochondria
In aerobic respiration, the Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle) takes place in
mitochondria
Which of the following sequences represents chromosome number during fertilization
n+n -->2n
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
natural process that produce genetic diversity
A population of termites initially consists of darkly colored brightly colored members. After several generations, the termite populations consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate. This situation is an example of
natural selection
A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected bu it. What is the probable genotype of this individual
one recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele
The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened polio viruses. Vaccinated individuals become protected against polio because the weakened viruses
promote production of antibodies
Striking the tendon just below the kneecap causes the lower leg to jerk. Moving an object quickly toward the face can cause the eyes to blink shut. These are examples of
reflex reactions
Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid
sea cucumbers
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called
semi-permeable
A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the central nervous system by
sensory neurons
Although there are a limited number of amino acids, many different types of preteins exist because the
sequence and number of amino acids is different
Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
signaling muscles tissues to contract
Injecting a person with a killed bacteria vaccine can protect that individual from a disease because the proteins of the killed bacteria
stimulate the production of antibodies which can be manufactured later in response to infection
Scientists found that, over a period of time 200 years, a mountain pond was transformed into a meadow. During that time, several communities of organisms were replaced by different communities. Which of these best explains why new communities were able to replace older communities
the abiotic characteristics of the habitat changed
Which information was the most important to teh development of genetic engineering techniqes
the discovery of lethal genes
a single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each om opposite side of Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to
the isolation of the two groups
Which of these secretes a hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism of the body
thyroid
The plasma membrane of a cell consists of
two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails formingthe interior of the membrane
Two students were testing the amount of fertilizer that would best promote the growth of strawberries in a garden. Which of the following could be an unavailable source of experimental error.
variation in strawberry plants
Which of the following require a host cell because they are not able to make proteins of their own
viruses
In order for the body to maintain homeostasis the chemical decomposition of food to produce energy must be followed by
waste removal