Biology CST Questions

5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3' The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?

4

Which fo the following base pair sequences could be produced in DNA replication

5' AGTCAT 3' 3' TCAGTA 5'

Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human eggs and sperm cells at fertalization, the probability of producing female is

50%

In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is die to a recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal hearing is due to its dominant allele (D). What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous (Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) would be expected to have normal hearing?

50%

For the food chain shown, which of the following changes would hace the most severe consequences

A drastic decrease in rainfall, causing droughts

Which of these is best demonstrated bu the experiment above?

All frogs are genetically identical

Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form, (B), or the recessive form, (b). The length of the cat's fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in th edominant form, (S), or the recessive form, (s). The table below shows the traits for these allele codes. The following genotypes were found in a male cat and a female cat. BbSs (male) bbSS (female). Which one of the following choices is true of the phenotype of offspring from these parents?

All offspring will have short haired fur

Which of these best illustrates natural selection

An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed succesfully

How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibodies

Bacterial diseases respond to antibodies; viral diseases do not

5' GTA_ _ _ AA 3' 3' CATGCATT 5'

CGT

Semi conservative replication of DNA refers to the idea that

DNA molecules need to unwind before duplication begins

There are many diffrent types of enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction

Different enzymes are synthesized in specific areas of the cytoplasm

Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging the proteins that the cell secretes

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following best describes meiosis

It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organisms

The diagram beloq shows Roslinds Franklins x-ray diffraction image of DNA. How did this evidence affect the work of Watson and Crick?

It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA

What causes the tomatoes to ripen much more slowly on a refrigerator than theu do if left on a table at room temperature

Low temperatures reduce the action of ripening enzymes

In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant and the gene for sepia eyes(r) is recessive. What are the possible combinations of genes in the offspring of two red-eyed heterozygous flies(Rr)

RR, Rr, and rr only

If a human baby boy inherits a recessive allele from his mother, in which circumstances would he most likely show the trait coded for by the recessive allele

The allele is on the X chromosome

Which of the following statements correctly describes meiosis?

The cells produced at the ends of meiosis contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

The table below lists the typical diploid number of chromosomes of several different organisms. Which of the following is the best explanation for why the chromosome number in each of these organisms?

The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is always an even number

A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa), whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms. Based on this information, which of the following is likely to result

The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygous will survive to reproduce

Which of these would most likely cause a mutation?

The insertion of a nucleotide into DNA

In a pond, the primary producer is a green alga, Spirogyra; the primary consumer is the crustacean, Daphnia; the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill; and the tertiary consumer is a larger fish, the small mouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the Daphnia are killed with pesticides

The smallmouth bass population will die

In most stable freshwater enviorments, population of Daphniaare mostly entirely female and reproduce asexually. However, males are observed in low oxygen enviorments or when food is scarce. Based on these observations, a reasearcher suggests that male Daphnia develope in responce to unfavorable enviormental conditions. This is an example of a

Theory

rabbits introduced into Australia over 100 years ago have become a pest to farmers. Rabbit population increased so much that they displaced many native species of plant eaters, what is the most logical explanation for their increased numbers?

There are few effective predators

Which of the following best describes the use of population models in biology?

They can help predict outcomes

If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the possible genetic combinations that could be present in a single grain of pollen from this plant?

Ty, ty, tY, TY

A base sequence in shown below ACAGTGC How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?

UGUCACG

A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is pull pf polypeptide chains composed of only the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?

UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine

When the Mount St, Hellens volcano erupted, the blast civered much of the surrounding area with ash. Based on the diagram above, which lists shows the sequence of secondary succession that followed that eruption

Z, X, Y, W

A student filled two petri dishes with a clear cornstarch gel, then marked the letter "X" invisibly onto the gel in Petri dish 1 with a dump cotton swab. He then placed saliva from his mouth onto a second cotton swab and used that swab to mark the letter "X" invisibly onto the gel in Petri dish 2. Fifteen minutes later, he rinsed both Petri dishes with a dilute solution of iodine to indicate the presence of starch. The surface of Petri dish 1 turned completly blue, indicating starch> Most of th esurface of Petri dish 2 was blue, exceot the letter "X" was clear, as shown above

a chemical in the saliva broke down the starch in the gel

Swear and skin secretions contain a mixture of molecules that kills or limits the growth of many types of microbes. This control of microbes is an example of

a feedback loop to maintain homeostasis

One human disease is caused by a change in one codon on a gene from GAA to GUA. This disease is the result of

a mutation

Which of these best completes this concept map

a plant cell

Earth has undergone some catastrophic changes from time to time. Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth is continued following these catastrophes?

a wide diversity of species existed

The fight or flight response includes greater heart output and a rise in blood pressure. This response is due to

adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands

Some snake venoms are harmful because they contain enzymes that destroy blood cells or tissues. The damage caused by such a snakebite could best be slowed by

applying ice to the bite area

In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching.In order for this disease to be passed from generation there must be parent birds that

are heterozygous for the disease

Individuals with HIV sometimes contract a pneumonia infection that is rare in the rest of the population because people with HIV

are unable to fight off these pneumonia causing organisms

Complete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the

atmosphere

If a paleontologist finds fossils of many different species existing int he same area an approximately the same time, the paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of

biological diversity

The chart shows four alleles at the same locus that affect rabbits coat color. Each allele is dominant to the ones below it. Rabbits with an albino or Himalayan coat are more susceptible to predators. Which of the following genotypes will produce a rabbit that is least likely to survive

cbc

The clear protein of an egg white becomes opaque and firm when cooked because the heat

changes the protein structure

The homeostasis mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of information from

chemical receptors

Which molecule in plant cells first captures the radiant energy from sunlight

chlorophyll

Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a sub species of giraffes that is geographically isolated from other subspecies of giraffes

chromosome number

Carbon dioxide is produced as cells break down nutrients for energy. Which of the following pairs of systems would participate in removing the carbon dioxide from the body

circulatory and repiratory

The respiratory system depends on the nervous system for signals to

coordinate muscles controlling breathing

THe diagram above shows homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

crossing over in which alleles are exchanged

The graph below shows the birth rate and the death rate for a population during the 1900's. From 1900 to 2000 the population has

decreased

Maltose can be broken down into glucose moleculesby the enzyme maltase. which of the following would slow the reaction rate

diluting with water

Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms

fungi and bacteria

The bacterium Argobacterium tunefaciens infects plants and, a portion of its DNA is inserted into the plants chromosomes. This causes the plant to produce gall cells, which manufactures amino acids that the bacterium uses as food. This process is a natural example of

genetic manipulation

A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased

genetic variation

Fossil evidence suggests that a number of members of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California, became several isolated species. Each of these new species lived in a different pond. Which of the following explains the cause of the speciation

geographical isolation

Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that

haploid cells are produced by meiosis

Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells

have nuclei

What is the greatest danger to a patient who has had damage to the skin

infections in uncovered tissues

A species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of every bird for several generations is known. Thsi allows a family tree of each breed to be developed. Some family groups have survived and others have died out. The group that survive probably have

inherited some advantageous variations

Genetic engineering has produced goats whose milk contains proteins that can be used as medicines. This effect was produced by

inserting foreign genes into fertilized goat eggs

A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic probably affect this population

it will reduce genetic diversity

Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid

kelp

After a volcanic eruption has covered an area with lava, which of the following is the most liklet order of succession in the repopulation of the area?

lichens, grasses, shrubs, trees

The first stage of photosyntheis in a chloroplasts is

light dependent

According to this information, which group demonstrated the greatest biodiversity during the Creataceaous period

lizards

A strand of mRNA containg the repeating sequence AAGAAGAAGAAG could code for which of the following amino acid sequences?

lys-lys-lys-lys

A computer model of mitosis can simulate the aspects of cellular division quite well. However, microscopic observation of actual cellular mitosis can improve understanding because actual observations.

may reveal greater unknown complexities

The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms. This process is called?

meiosis

A cell from heart muscles would probably have an unusual high proportion of

mitochondria

In aerobic respiration, the Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle) takes place in

mitochondria

Which of the following sequences represents chromosome number during fertilization

n+n -->2n

Mutations within a DNA sequence are

natural process that produce genetic diversity

A population of termites initially consists of darkly colored brightly colored members. After several generations, the termite populations consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate. This situation is an example of

natural selection

A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected bu it. What is the probable genotype of this individual

one recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele

The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened polio viruses. Vaccinated individuals become protected against polio because the weakened viruses

promote production of antibodies

Striking the tendon just below the kneecap causes the lower leg to jerk. Moving an object quickly toward the face can cause the eyes to blink shut. These are examples of

reflex reactions

Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid

sea cucumbers

The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called

semi-permeable

A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the central nervous system by

sensory neurons

Although there are a limited number of amino acids, many different types of preteins exist because the

sequence and number of amino acids is different

Which of the following is a function of the nervous system

signaling muscles tissues to contract

Injecting a person with a killed bacteria vaccine can protect that individual from a disease because the proteins of the killed bacteria

stimulate the production of antibodies which can be manufactured later in response to infection

Scientists found that, over a period of time 200 years, a mountain pond was transformed into a meadow. During that time, several communities of organisms were replaced by different communities. Which of these best explains why new communities were able to replace older communities

the abiotic characteristics of the habitat changed

Which information was the most important to teh development of genetic engineering techniqes

the discovery of lethal genes

a single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each om opposite side of Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to

the isolation of the two groups

Which of these secretes a hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism of the body

thyroid

The plasma membrane of a cell consists of

two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails formingthe interior of the membrane

Two students were testing the amount of fertilizer that would best promote the growth of strawberries in a garden. Which of the following could be an unavailable source of experimental error.

variation in strawberry plants

Which of the following require a host cell because they are not able to make proteins of their own

viruses

In order for the body to maintain homeostasis the chemical decomposition of food to produce energy must be followed by

waste removal