Biology Exam 3

When you exhale, ____.

both the diaphragm and the rib muscles relax and air pressure in the alveoli becomes greater than atmospheric pressure

The exchange of materials between blood and body cells occurs through the walls of ____.

capillaries

The condition known as acid reflux occurs when materials move "backwards" through the ____ sphincter.

cardiac

Which of the following CORRECTLY matches a tissue with its location? Cardiac Muscle with?

cardiac muscle...heart

Many herbivores often have enlarged ____ to allow sybiotic microorgansims to digest vegetation.

cecum and colon

Which one of the following organ systems is INCORRECTLY paired with one of its parts? excretory system ... kidney respiratory system ... gills integumentary system ... skin circulatory system ... alveoli

circulatory system...alveoli

"Cells widely scattered in an extracellular matrix" best describes ___ tissue.

connective

Which of the following is used by geese, dolphins, and sharks to maintain regional heterothermy and reduce heat loss?

countercurrent heat exchange

If blood glucose levels become too high, then ____ is released to stimulate glucose ____ by body cells.

insulin...uptake

Which one of the following organ systems is CORRECTLY paired with one of its parts? Integumentary system with?

integumentary system...skin

In adult mammals, where does blood go directly after it leaves the right ventricle?

into the pulmonary artery

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function? large intestine - bile production stomach - protein digestion initiated oral cavity - starch digestion initiated pancreas - enzyme production

large intestine-bile production

A molecule of CO2 is released into systemic capillaries of your foot, travels through the heart to the lungs, and is exhaled from your body. The molecule must pass through all of the following except _____.

left atrium

In animals with a 4-chambered heart, which chambers of the heart receive and pump oxygenated blood?

left atrium and left ventricle

Fat cells release a hormone called ____ that ____ appetite.

leptin...inhibit

Which of the following animals is incorrectly paired with its feeding mechanism?

lion-substrate feeder

Bile salts secreted by the ____ are important for the digestion of ____.

liver...fats

____ tissue attaches your skin to the underlying muscle.

loose connective

Which of the following is NOT part of the mammalian digestive system?

trachea

Which of the following functions is not carried out by leukocytes?

transporting carbon dioxide

After a meal, ____ blood flow through capillaries of the digestive system occurs to facilitate the absorption and transport of food molecules.

vasodilation increases

During the cardiac cycle, the period (interval) when blood is pumped from the heart toward capillaries is ____.

ventricular systole

The maximum amount of air a person can exhale, after maximal inhalation, is called ____.

vital capacity

A pulmonary circuit of blood flow occurs in ____.

reptiles, birds and mammals

In response to low (below normal) blood pH, ____ centers in the medulla will elicit a(n) ____ in breathing rate.

respiratory... increase

In the human heart, the SA node generates an electrical impulse from its location in the _____, and this directly produces ____.

right atrium, atrial contraction

Which of the following correctly matches a tissue type with its location?

simple columnar...lining of intestine

Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary body activities and is found in the walls of the digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries, and other internal organs?

smooth

Which of the following animals utilize only intracellular digestion?

sponge

Protein digestion starts in the ____ due to the action of ____.

stomach...pepsin

Which of the following are kinds of epithelial tissues?

stratified squamous, simple cuboidal, and columnar

Human blood pressure is written as ____ pressure and the normal (average) pressure at rest is approximately ____ mm Hg.

systolic/diastolic -- 120/80

The matrix of blood tissue is ___.

the blood plasma

Which of the following animals is correctly paired with its feeding mechanism? Clam?

Suspension feeder

Which one of the following statements about the respiratory systems of mammals and birds is true?

The respiratory system of mammals is confined to the thoracic cavity, but that of birds is not.

Following system is matched correctly with one of their parts. Endocrine system with?

Thyroid gland

Smaller animals have a higher metabolic rate per unit body mass.

True

____ is a water-soluble vitamin that functions as anti-oxidant.

Vitamin C

____ is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions as an anti-oxidant.

Vitamin E

Loading of hemoglobin is favored in ____ capillaries due to ____ oxygen concentration.

pulmonary ... high

Given these parts of the digestive system: 1. large intestine, 2. pyloric sphincter, 3. duodenum, 4. esophagus, 5. stomach. Arrange the parts in order as food and wastes move from the oral cavity to the anus.

4, 5, 2, 3, 1

About ____ of the blood is plasma and the ____ are blood cells that contain hemoglobin.

55% ... erythrocytes

What happens when the carbon dioxide level from cellular respiration increases in the blood?

A decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid triggers the brain's breathing control centers, which stimulate diaphragm and rib muscle contractions.

A recording of the electrical activity of a patient's heart (an ECG) shows that the atria are contracting regularly and normally, but every few beats the ventricles fail to contract. Which of the following is probably functioning improperly?

AV node

____ is connective tissue utilized mainly for ____.

Brown fat...heat production

Parts of the mammalian digestive system?

Cardiac sphincter, liver, cecum

____ is a state of reduced metabolic rate that allows some fish, amphibians and reptiles to survive periods of draught.

Estivation

Which one of the following organ systems is CORRECTLY paired with one of its parts? Excretory system with?

Excretory system...kidney

Which of the following animals is correctly paired with its feeding mechanism? Aphid?

Fluid feeder

Which of the following is NOT associated with extracellular digestion?

Food vacuoles

Major activities of the stomach?

HCL secretion, mucus secretion, enzyme secretion

Following system is matched correctly with one of their parts. Circulatory system with?

Heart

____ refers to an animal that maintains a relatively stable body temperature and which gains most of it body heat from its metabolism.

Homeothermic endotherm

Which of the following best matches an organ system with its main functions in many vertebrate animals?

Integumentary - protection against mechanical injury, infection, dehydration; thermoregulation

___ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it ___.

Negative ... tends to keep a system at a desirable "set point"

Which of the following CORRECTLY matches a tissue with its location? Stratified squamous epithelial with?

Outer skin layer

Which one of the following organ systems is CORRECTLY paired with one of its parts? Respiratory system with?

Respiratory system...gills

Following system is matched correctly with one of their parts. Integumentary system with?

Skin

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function? Oral cavity?

Starch digestion initiated

____ are enzymes that digest carbohydrates into ____.

Sucrase and lactase...monosaccharides

Which of the following animals is correctly paired with its feeding mechanism? Baleen whale?

Suspension feeder

Which of the following INCORRECTLY matches a tissue with its location?

adipose connective...ligament

Most gas exchange in your lungs occurs through the walls of the ____.

alveoli

The walls of the ____ are composed of simple squamous epithelial tissue.

alveoli

Which one of the following components of the mammalian gas exchange system does NOT have a ciliated surface covered by a thin film of mucus?

alveoli

Which structure in a human is most similar in function to the gill lamellae of a fish?

alveoli

Animals like ____ have a digestive tract for ____ digestion.

an earthworm...extracellular

Most oxygen is carried by the blood ____, whereas most carbon dioxide is carried by the blood ____.

attached to hemoglobin -- in the form of bicarbonate ions

____ is a type of ____ tissue.

blood...connective

Hyperventilation ____ the amount of CO2 in the blood and ____ the pH of the blood. Breathing into a paper bag ____ the pH of the blood.

decreases ... increases ... decreases

Digestion of lipids begins in the ____.

duodenum

Secretin and CCK produced by the ____ help coordinate the release of pancreatic enzymes.

duodenum

Organs that come into contact with the environment are lined with which one of the following types of tissue?

epithelial

Amino acids and fatty acids that an animal must have in its diet because it cannot make them are referred to as ____.

essential

All but one of the following systems are correctly paired with one of their parts. Which pair is incorrect? excretory system ... intestine integumentary system ... hair endocrine system ... thyroid gland circulatory system ... heart

excretory system ... intestine

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of ____.

fat

Ligaments are comprised of ___ tissue?

fibrous connective

Which of these animals has a circulatory system where blood is always contained within blood vessels?

fish

When body temperature is too ___, ___ helps to correct the situation because it ___.

high ... peripheral vasodilation ... redirects heat from the body core to the outside

As you increase in age, residual volume of the lungs ____ and your vital capacity ____.

increases ... decreases

An increase in ____ released from the pancreas would help to inhibit appetite after eating.

insulin

Countercurrent exchange in the gills of a fish ____.

maintains a gradient that enhances the diffusion of oxygen from water into the blood

Stratified squamous epithelium is composed of ____ cells.

multiple layers of square, flat

The four major categories of tissue are ____.

muscle, nervous, epithelial, connective

What is the order of passage as air is inhaled during ventilation of the lungs in a typical mammal?

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus

Glial cells are a component of ____ tissue.

nervous

____ tissue forms a communication and coordination system within the body.

nervous

Which of the following CORRECTLY matches a tissue with its location? Nervous with?

nervous...spinal cord

Which of the following is not a major activity of the stomach?

nutrient absorption

Pulmonary veins carry ____ blood to the ____.

oxygenated ... heart

Most gas exchange in a bird lung occurs through the walls of structures called ____.

parabronchi

Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions that propel food through the esophagus are called ____.

peristalsis

The mammalian esophagus and trachea both connect to the ____.

pharynx

Atherosclerosis is the ____

presence of localized plaques that can reduce blood flow in arteries

The pancreas secretes enzymes that digest ____

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids