COUN 5005

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Which question is most likely to bring out underlying client meaning issues? -"Could you tell me more?" -"Could you share what sense you make of it?" -"Could you explore that in more detail?" -"Could you share some specifics of what occurred?"

"Could you share what sense you make of it?"

Which of the following questions would NOT be used as part of the discernment process?

"How does this rejection make you feel?"

Which of the following statements represent a concrete client statement? -"I went to a movie last night. We walked in, and I saw my friend Jim. Then we bought popcorn and we sat down." -"Why did this happen to me?" -"My lover is mean to me." -"I feel mixed-up and confused."

"I went to a movie last night. We walked in, and I saw my friend Jim. Then we bought popcorn and we sat down."

Which paraphrase might be more helpful to this client? Counselor: "I am not sure how the problem should be seen. I get a picture of the kids fighting all the time at home. Looks like they simply can't get along, yet they are very bright."

"It appears that the scene at home is constant fighting despite their ability."

Josephine: I've been in this "home" for three years now. The staff doesn't care, my family never comes, and the food is awful. Which is the most appropriate reflection of her implicit feelings? -"Josephine, you are frustrated and angry. Is that close to what you are feeling?" -"Josephine, I hear that you are frustrated. Underneath that, you sound lonely . . . and angry? Is that close to what you are feeling?" -"Josephine, you sound really frustrated!" -"Josephine, you sound really angry. Is that close to what you are feeling?"

"Josephine, I hear that you are frustrated. Underneath that, you sound lonely . . . and angry? Is that close to what you are feeling?"

Which of the following might be useful to help clients decrease emotional expression? All of these "Would you say that again?" "Pay attention to the feelings in your body." "Let's stop for a moment and breathe deeply."

"Let's stop for a moment and breathe deeply."

Which of the following openings would be useful to draw out a child's story?

"Nelson, where were you when the fight started?"

"I feel really terrible. My folks have divorced. They have moved apart, and I don't know where to live." Which would be a reflection of feeling in response to this client? -"Looks like you have had a bad experience. I can see that it would be tough deciding what to do next." -"Really terrible?" -"Sounds like you're really upset and are confused as to what to do next." -"You're really confused."

"Sounds like you're really upset and are confused as to what to do next."

Death and dying The following client statements could be expected following the discovery that the client has terminal cancer. a. "It's so hard for me all the time. But it's hard for the family, too. Sometimes I just cry. But lately, I find that if I focus on the positives available to me still, I gain some peace." b. "There really isn't any problem. I'm sure it's an error on the x-ray. It can't be correct." c. "Why me? What happened? This isn't fair." d. "I've been spending my time working with a cancer support group. I want to help others face this—somehow fighting and working with others to the end makes it seem easier." e. "I accept it. I've had a good life, with my share of problems for sure. Sure I don't like it, but there's nothing I can do."

"There really isn't any problem. I'm sure it's an error on the x-ray. It can't be correct."

Which of the following questions will NOT help the client provide more information?

"What did I tell you?"

Which of the following questions is most likely to bring out data that was missed earlier, according to the authors? -"What happened specifically? Could you give me an example?" -"What else?" -"Could you tell me more?" -"How do you feel about that?"

"What else?"

Which of the following questions is most likely to bring out data that was missed earlier, according to the authors? -"Could you tell me more?" -"What else?" -"How do you feel about that?" -"What happened specifically? Could you give me an example?"

"What else?"

Which of the following questions may help you clarify the statements of a client who talks in abstract form with many vague generalities? -"What happened specifically? Could you give me an example?" -"What else?" -"Could you tell me more?" -"How do you feel about that?"

"What happened specifically? Could you give me an example?"

Which one of the following client responses indicates that the client is considering life's meaning? "How will I resolve this issue?" "I'm so confused; which plan should I follow?" "I am hurt and I am angry" "What should I really be doing?"

"What should I really be doing?"

14. Death and dying The following client statements could be expected following the discovery that the client has terminal cancer.

"Why me? What happened?" With anger: "It isn't fair."

Which one of the following counselor statements helps normalize the narrative? -"Please be assured that everyone has concerns, and it is indeed possible to do something about them." -"Don't worry; everything is going to be OK." -"Yes, it is a very complex problem, and there is a solution for every problem." -"I think we have a handle on your problem; resolution shouldn't be too hard."

"Yes, it is a very complex problem, and there is a solution for every problem."

Client: Since my mother was diagnosed with cancer, I've been really worried and concerned. She just doesn't look as well as she did before; she needs a lot more rest. Which of the following interviewer responses is reflection of feeling? -"Your mother looks well, but she needs more rest." -"You seem really worried and concerned about your mother." - "Your mother has cancer and she needs more rest." -"Umm, tell me more."

"You seem really worried and concerned about your mother."

Barry (jiggling his feet and shuffling restlessly): I can't get the scene of the World Trade Center bombing off my mind. It keeps coming up in my dreams again and again. I don't understand what's going on. Which is the most appropriate response? -"You seem to be anxious right now? Is that close?" -"The lack of sleep is really frustrating you." -"You wonder what is going on?" -"You seem to be anxious right now. Could you tell me more about your story and what's happening for you?"

"You seem to be anxious right now. Could you tell me more about your story and what's happening for you?"

Barry (jiggling his feet and shuffling restlessly): I can't get the scene of the World Trade Center bombing off my mind. It keeps coming up in my dreams again and again. I don't understand what's going on. Which is the most appropriate response? -"You seem to be anxious right now? Is that close?" -"The lack of sleep is really frustrating you." -"You seem to be anxious right now. Could you tell me more about your story and what's happening for you?" -"You wonder what is going on?"

"You seem to be anxious right now. Could you tell me more about your story and what's happening for you?"

_____ "On one hand you want career advice, but on the other you now sound like you want to go into long term therapy. Let's talk for a while. How do you put that together? Initiating the session Gathering data Mutual goal setting Working Terminating and generalizing

**all three answers are correct Initiating the session Gathering data Mutual goal setting

____ "today we'd like to look at the reasons your child ran away. Id like to hear your point of view first, and then your son's. Instruction. The structure of the interview has been suggested as a valuable way to view many types of interviews. Further within each structure there are certain goals and methods. In the following question identify the stage of the interview as: a. Initiating the sessions b. Gathering data c. Mutual goal setting d. Working e. Terminating and generalizing

**both answers are correct a. Initiating the sessions b. Gathering data

In decisional counseling, we may lay out homework for the following week. This is representative of which stage of the interview? -Story and strengths -Restory -Action -Empathic relationship

-Action

To "hyper-reflect," one ____. -reflects too many feelings and/or meanings to the client's detriment -thinks of negative meanings for events in one's life and may overeat, drink to excess, or wallow in depression -thinks carefully about many alternatives thus demonstrating intentionality -transcends suffering through thinking of positive aspects of life

-thinks of negative meanings for events in one's life and may overeat, drink to excess, or wallow in depression

What is the nonverbal percentage of most communications? • 95% • 75% • 85% • 65%

85%

"That is sexist." C for concrete client statement A for abstract/formal operational thought

A for abstract/formal operational thought

Which one of the following examples is NOT an example of a counselor acting for social justice or as an advocate?

A career counselor helps a 40-year-old business manager face a career change.

Confidentiality must be breached, and information must be reported by practitioners when all of the following take place except:

A child under the age of 16 requests counseling sessions

___ "The school is racist." C for concrete client statement. A for abstract/formal operational thought.

A for abstract/formal operational thought.

Social emotions include:

All of these

_______________ is essential if you are to challenge the client with a confrontation.

An empathic relationship

In which scenario will talking with clients about their issues NOT be enough, and the interviewer may need to consider advocacy or an approach to resolve a social justice issue? a. As a personal counselor, you are working with a woman facing divorce. b. As a high-school guidance counselor, you are helping graduating seniors prepare their paperwork for college. c. As a personnel officer, you discover systematic bias against promotion for women and minorities. d. As an elementary school counselor, you are helping a student who feels overwhelmed with her homework assignments.

As a personnel officer, you discover systematic bias against promotion for women and minorities.

Which one of the following is NOT a psychoeducational stress management strategy? Thought stopping Learning social skills Assessing positive and negative consequences Positive images of strength

Assessing positive and negative consequences

What is the nonverbal percentage of most communications? A. 65% B. 85% C. 75% D. 95%

B. 85%

The five stages of the client interview and all problem-solving systems are based on both ____ and ____. -Frank Parsons' original decisional model; abstract theory -trait-and-factor theory; the "1-2-3" influencing model -Benjamin Franklin's original decisional model; abstract theory -the "1-2-3" influencing model; Benjamin Franklin's original decisional model

Benjamin Franklin's original decisional model; abstract theory

Incongruities and discrepancies of the interviewee that should be identified include all EXCEPT which of the following?

Between the influencing skill used by the interviewer and the interviewee response

A good communication connection between the client and interviewer can be observed through harmonious, but nonidentical movements. These movements are known as ____. A. movement synchrony B. none of these types of movement C. movement complementarity D. movement dissynchrony

C. movement complementarity

The need for appropriate supervision most pertains to which ethical area? Competence Power Confidentiality Informed consent

Competence

Which of the following is NOT an anticipated result of skill integration? -Developing counselors will integrate skills as part of their natural style. -Choices of application will vary among interviewers. -Interviewers will flex when their actions are ineffective. -Counselors and interviewers will be certified to open their own practice.

Counselors and interviewers will be certified to open their own practice.

Mark Pope, Cherokee Nation and Past-President of the American Counseling Association, noted all EXCEPT which of the following? -We need to address our own issues of prejudice. -Each of us is a multicultural being. -Counselors are now being trained fully to meet multicultural competencies. -We are all committed to the dignity and value of each individual.

Counselors are now being trained fully to meet multicultural competencies.

Which of the following is FALSE? -Counselors need to know the theoretical systems of counseling. -All of these -Counselors need to be competent in evidence-based counseling skills. -Counselors need to use scientific research to precisely determine the most useful way to help each of their clients

Counselors need to use scientific research to precisely determine the most useful way to help each of their clients

Which of the following statements is TRUE of logical consequences? -As clients move toward decisions, encourage them to always think positively. -Counselors provide clients with a summary of positive and negative consequences in a nonjudgmental manner. -Effective counselors always encourage clients to attempt new tasks in anticipation of rewards. -It is the counselor's responsibility to direct the client when he/she is considering a bad decision.

Counselors provide clients with a summary of positive and negative consequences in a nonjudgmental manner.

"What are some of the strengths that you gain from your spiritual orientation?" By using this question, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client?

Cultural and environmental context focus

"Apparently there is a university rule prohibiting excessive jumping up and down with happiness during an exam." Instructions: The questions below require you to identify what type of focus the responder is using in the reply to the following statement: "I just can't believe how much fun I'm having right now. They call this an exam, but I feel more like I'm at a party. And not only that, but I'm learning so much at the same time. I just feel so smart and competent as I answer these questions that I could jump up and down. My parents never told me how much fun college was going to be. The only problem is the professor's sense of humor. Sometimes I think he got into teaching because it was the only way he could get away with such bad jokes without having people leave the room." Identify the kind of focus by its letter. a. Person focus e. Mutual issues or group focus b. Problem/main theme focus f. Interviewer focus c. Others focus g. Cultural/environmental/contextual focus d. Family focus

Cultural/environmental/contextual focus

The CCS can be used be used to: A) determine the creative effect of your confrontation. B) assess the success of your interventions. C) determine client progress over a series of sessions. D) all of the above.

D) all of the above.

The ________________ is a systematic way to monitor the progress of clients toward their goals. A. Client Progress Scale B. Client Developmental Identity Scale C. Client Concrete Scale D. Client Change Scale

D. Client Change Scale

"So far we've heard that you really aren't comfortable in class and that you have difficulty in speaking up. Could we shift emphasis for awhile, and would you tell me about one of your success stories in the Cambodian community?" This is most likely which stage of the interview? A. Goals - Mutual goal setting B. Empathic relationship - Initiating the session C. Restory - Working D. Story and strengths - Gathering data

D. Story and strengths - Gathering data

Counselors practice only within the boundaries of their competence based on: A. education and training. B. supervised and appropriate professional experience. C. state and national professional credentials. D. all of the above

D. all of the above

An accurate paraphrase usually consists of which of the following four dimensions? A. Key words, essence of the client's story, reflection of feeling, and a closing B. Sentence stem, mirroring client body language, reflection of feeling, and a check-out C. Key words, mirroring client body language, quoting the client, and a closing D. Sentence stem, key words, the essence of what the client has said, and a check-out

D. Sentence stem, key words, the essence of what the client has said, and a check-out

The basic listening sequence (BLS) is a key counselor action in Story and Strengths, Stage 2 of the five-stage interview structure, in which of the following theories? Decisional counseling Person-centered counseling All of these Cognitive behavioral training Brief counseling

Decisional counseling

____ uses the balance sheet to organize the process. Decisional counseling Multicultural counseling All of these Person-centered counseling

Decisional counseling

Client response: "Yes, I do love her. I care for her very much. She is extremely important to me. We do everything together. We really do so many things that work out OK." This client is where on the CCS? Full examination, no change Partial Examination Decision to live with incongruity Denial

Denial

Client response: "I think I see what you're saying. There is a big incongruity there. I want to stop, but I was abused and hit by my parents. I think I'm doing better than they did—at least I don't strike Amie. But perhaps I can do something different next week. I'll try your new idea about disciplining her." This client is where on the CCS? -Decision to live with incongruity -Full examination, no change -Partial examination -Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

Careful listening is one of the most powerful influencing skills. Which one of the following statements about influencing is NOT true?

Direct and firm confrontation helps clients identify their errors.

When clients talk about topics that are uncomfortable to them, one may expect all EXCEPT which of the following? -Direct, angry eye contact and a more aggressive body posture -Slower vocal qualities coupled with shifts in eye contact patterns -Shifts in eye contact patterns, body movement, and changing vocal qualities -Hesitation and attempt to change topic

Direct, angry eye contact and a more aggressive body posture

Which of the following is NOT typically observed in crisis counseling? Discernment Calming and caring Action Debriefing

Discernment

"I'm not bothered by that," said with a flushed face and a closed fit, is an example of which of the following? Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior

Discrepancies between statements and nonverbal behavior

Which series of openers is appropriate for closed questions? • Could, can, would • Do, is, are • Could, would, why • Who, what, when, where

Do, is, are

When does the counselor inform the client of purposes, goals, techniques, procedures, limitations, potential risks, and benefits of the counseling process? -Every other session without fail -During informed consent and at any time when conditions change or new issues are discovered -At the beginning of the counseling relationship -After the client agrees to a counseling relationship

During informed consent and at any time when conditions change or new issues are discovered

____ "It hurts." Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling. P for paraphrase E for encourage R for reflection of feeling

E for encourage

Instructions: Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers, restatements, paraphrases, or summarizations? Client: "I have been having a tough time with my sons. George has been having difficulty in school, and I have an appointment for the third time with a counselor. John is acting up in junior high and has been sassing his mother frequently. Yet, their grades are OK. I wonder if they need more to do." ____ "More?" E for encourager R for restatement P for paraphrase S for summarization

E for encourager

"What special issues do you anticipate with regard to rapport development?" As you prepare your first interview treatment plan for a new client, you would most likely ask this question when you consider which stage of the interview? -Empathic relationship -Goals -Story and strengths -Action -Restory

Empathic relationship

According to the five stages of interviewing, you can plan for termination, as appropriate, in this stage.

Empathic relationship

During the ____ stage of the interview clients may feel at ease and know what to expect.

Empathic relationship

Which one of the following statements is NOT true of cultural and environmental focus? -Environmental context includes the impact of culture, gender, and race on client development. -Environmental context is the impact of how the client grew up in his or her community. -Environmental context is person-as-community. -Environmental context is not a legitimate focus area.

Environmental context is not a legitimate focus area.

Which question opener will be MOST useful for bringing out client feelings and emotions? -HOW -WHY -WHAT

HOW

Which of the following is TRUE about Travis's divorce? -He was clear about the meaning of his divorce. -He will never make any mistakes in future relationships. -All of the above -He could benefit from further counseling

He could benefit from further counseling

In becoming an ethical practitioner a critical task is:

Identify and specify ethical code as the source of answers to ethical dilemmas

If you hold inaccurate stereotypes, you must listen and learn respect for how your client interprets humanity and the world.

____ "Today, we'd like to look at the reasons your child ran away. I'd like to hear your point of view first, and then your son's." Instructions: The structure of the interview has been suggested as a valuable way to view many types of interviews. Further, within each structure there are certain goals and methods. In the following questions, identify the stage of the interview as:

Initiating the session & Gathering data

____ the microskills into a well-formed interview and ____ the skills to situations beyond the training session or classroom. -Invent; apply -Integrate; generalize -Mix; address -Maneuver; develop

Integrate; generalize

Which of the following is the emotional center of the brain? • Limbic system • Left brain • Hippocampus • Right brain

Limbic system

____________ clients may demonstrate an upright body position, frowning, and a louder or forced vocal tone; the mouth and jaws may be tense and lips tightened, and the fists clenched or palms down. Mad Sad Disgusted Scared

Mad

Which of the following is TRUE? -Using the three Vs and one B is a waste of time during an intake session. -Most clients develop their concerns over a brief period of time. -It is critical for counselors to speed up in focusing on clients' problems and solutions. -Many beginning counselors to try to solve clients' difficulties too soon.

Many beginning counselors to try to solve clients' difficulties too soon.

In order to reflect feeling, the interviewer must first identify the presenting emotion. Which of the following is NOT a method to identify feelings? -With a closed question, ask the client to supply the missing feeling word. -Match one of the primary emotions to client behavior. -Name the feeling expressed implicitly by client behaviors. -Ask an open question: "How do you feel about that?"

Match one of the primary emotions to client behavior.

Which one of the following is NOT a technique to supportively challenge or confront a client? • Observe and note discrepancies and conflict. • Feed back internal and external discrepancies to the client. • Evaluate the client response and whether there is change. • Match tonal quality with the client during the feedback of discrepancies.

Match tonal quality with the client during the feedback of discrepancies.

Which of the following is NOT one of the major approaches to counseling considered in this text? -Cognitive behavioral therapy -Crisis counseling -Motivational interviewing -Person-centered counseling

Motivational interviewing

A good communication connection between the client and interviewer can be observed through harmonious, but non identical movements. These movements are known as ____.

Movement complementarity

Cultural/environmental context (CEC) is foundational for which of the following theories? Person-centered Crisis counseling Logotherapy Multicultural counseling

Multicultural counseling

What was the core emphasis of the second interview with Nelida? Nelida's individual achievements Nelida as a being-in-relation Nelida's individual responsibilities Nelida as an individual

Nelida as a being-in-relation

Which of the following is NOT a destructive effect of stress? -Negative feelings take control -Neurogenesis -Brain shrinkage -Mental and physical illness

Neurogenesis

. ____ Being open to many points of view and demonstrating this with open nonverbal and verbal communication. Instructions: Listed below are several qualities related to empathy. Mark the letter that corresponds to the qualities in the descriptions below. a. Basic empathy f. Concreteness b. Subtractive empathy g.Immediacy c. Additive empathy h. Nonjudgmental attitude d. Positive regard i. Authenticity and congruence e. Respect and warmth

Nonjudgmental attitude

Which one of the following is an IMPROPER counselor choice in regards to counselor psychoeducational/instruction sharing? -When listening to counselor advice, let the client be in charge. -Offer advice and your opinions at any time a client may request it. -After careful listening and if the situation warrants, you can offer advice and instruction. -Provide advice sparingly and only when the client is likely to need and accept it.

Offer advice and your opinions at any time a client may request it.

"Could you share more about that?" This is a(n) ______ question.

Open

There are many ways to focus attention in the counseling session. What are other focus possibilities besides individual client focus, problem focus, and interviewer focus? -Mutuality, family culture, community, and context -Other, significant relationships, community, and culture -Other, family, mutuality, and environmental context -Culture, family, environment, and context

Other, family, mutuality, and environmental context

"The situation isn't fair after you've worked so hard to do right."

P for paraphrase

Which of the five theoretical orientations presented in this book is BEST represented by the following lead? There is, of course, considerable overlap between systems of interviewing and counseling when it comes to specific leads. Thus, select the one best alternative, even though other systems may use the style at times. "Underneath your concerns, I sense a lot of strength and capability on your part. You've been making a negative meaning, but I also hear your strengths." Person-centered theory Crisis counseling Logotherapy Multicultural counseling

Person-centered theory

The authors point out that _________ is essential if you are to truly master and become competent in the interview. -Practice, practice. -Practice, practice, and practice. -None of these. -Practice.

Practice, practice, and practice.

____ is demonstrated when the interviewer responds to the client, "You really feel frustrated, almost crazy, over the situation."

Reflecting feeling

Which of the following is most closely associated with emotions? -Paraphrase -Summarization -Reflection of meaning -Reflection of feeling

Reflection of feeling

Which of the following is TRUE? •Optimism is not related to resilience. •Optimism is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty. •Resilience is the imagined ability to bounce back from difficulty. •Resilience is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty.

Resilience is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty.

In cognitive behavioral therapy, when we suggest alternatives for action, we are most likely in which stage of the interview? Restory Empathic relationship Story and strengths Action

Restory

In person-centered counseling, when we explore the distinctions between the real self and the ideal self, we are most likely in which stage of the interview? Action Story and strengths Goals Restorying

Restorying

Clients tend to talk about or focus on topics to which the counselor or interviewer gives primary attention. This is known as ____.

SELECTIVE ATTENTION

Which of the following lists the four dimensions of an accurate paraphrase?

Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out.

How are your friends helpful to you?" By using this question, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client?

Significant others focus

What are the three major steps of confrontation?

Step 1: Identifying conflict; Step 2: Pointing out conflicts and issues; Step 3: Evaluating effectiveness

"On the one hand..., and on the other hand..." In which step of empathic confrontation would an interviewer most likely make this statement?

Step 2: Summarize

Define the problem, define goals and generate alternative solutions, and select an approach comprise the classic three-step decisional or problem-solving model credited to Benjamin Franklin. What two steps were added to create the current five-stage interview model? -Goals, story, and strengths -Structuring the session, developing a checklist -Empathic relationship, closing -Structuring the session, developing a checklist

Structuring the session, developing a checklist

Client: There's this group of girls that make fun of me and call me names, and I feel sad. They keep making fun of my shoes, just 'cause I don't have name brand shoes. I try to ignore them, but still the feeling inside me just hurts. Counselor: You are having trouble at school. Some girls call you names, make fun of your shoes, and it feels hurtful inside. This response can be classified as _______. -Summarizing -Restating -Encouraging -Paraphrasing

Summarizing

Which of the following is NOT a predictable result when using reflection of meaning? -The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply. -The client will discuss stories, issues, and concerns in more depth. -There is special emphasis on deeper meanings, values, and understanding. -Clients may be able to discern life goals and visions for the future.

The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply.

Which of the following is the best definition of acculturation? -The degree to which an individual has learned how to behave in a culturally appropriate way. -Giving up one's own culture and embracing a new culture. -Maintaining one's own culture while embracing the new. -The degree to which an individual has adopted the norms of behaving in a given culture.

The degree to which an individual has adopted the norms of behaving in a given culture.

Which one of the following is NOT an accurate part of the process of providing good feedback? -The interviewer is in charge of the feedback. -Make feedback concrete, specific, and lean. -Keep your comments nonjudgmental and interactive. -Focus on something the client can do something about

The interviewer is in charge of the feedback.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the microskills? -The interviewer can always depend on the expected consequences detailed in the overview. -The microskills offer interviewers some predictability during a client session. -The microskills must be used in the specific order as described to increase effectiveness. -All of these

The microskills offer interviewers some predictability during a client session.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding a strength-based wellness model? A. The model leads to a more egalitarian and empathic relationship in the counseling. B. The model builds on the client's strengths and assets. C. The model emphasizes the individual origin of symptoms. D. The model places the client in the role of an active and engaged agent.

The model emphasizes the individual origin of symptoms.

The excerpts of the interview with Kelly (pages 117-119) illustrates all EXCEPT which of the following? -It helped to give Kelly more talk-time and room to explore what is happening. -It helped to give Kelly more talk-time and room to explore what is happening. -There were no dangers in using too many questions. -Question stems such as why, how, and could have some predictability in expected client responses.

There were no dangers in using too many questions.

Which word is NOT from the Greek word for pragmatism? Act To practice To decide Deed

To decide

According to Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett, empathic confrontation is a not a distinct skill; it is a set of skills that may be used in different ways. The most common confrontation uses paraphrase, reflection of feeling, and summarization of discrepancies observed in the client, or between the client and her or his situation. However, questions and influencing skills and strategies can also lead to client change. True False

True

Observation can enable you to learn as much about yourself and your counseling skills as you do about your clients. True False

True

Observation is the act of watching carefully and intentionally with the purpose of understanding behavior. False True

True

Political correctness is a way to describe something with minimal offense. False True

True

Positive feedback is the breakfast of champions. True False

True

Reflecting feelings is central to every helping professional. True False

True

Social emotions are built on primary emotions and are learned in family and cultural contexts. True False

True

The founder of Logotherapy is: Albert Ellis. Carl Rogers Viktor Frankl. Sigmund Freud

Viktor Frankl.

"I can go shopping alone most of the time, pretty well assured that I will not be followed or harassed." This is an example of: -heterosexual privilege. -middle-class privilege. -male privilege. -White privilege.

White privilege

If a client is continually talking about negative emotions, which of the following is most helpful? -Encourage the client to continue as he or she wishes. This will empower the client to make his or her own decisions. -All of these -Work to identify strengths and positives that the client has available, thus empowering the client to face the negatives from a basis of strength. -Ask the client to identify positive feelings in his or her body.

Work to identify strengths and positives that the client has available, thus empowering the client to face the negatives from a basis of strength.

Which of the following statements best describes how the interviewer uses question and encourages less verbal clients to talk?

You may draw out client talk with a careful balance of open and closed questions.

Which of the following statements best describes how the interviewer uses question and encourages less verbal clients to talk? -You may draw out client talk with a careful balance of open and closed questions. -You may draw out client talk with open questions only. -You may draw out client talk without the use of questions at all. -You may draw out client talk with closed questions only.

You may draw out client talk with a careful balance of open and closed questions.

Effective decisions can be reached through _______

a combination of cognitive decisions with emotional satisfaction

Empathic confrontation is:

a complex set of skills requiring observation and listening

Empathic confrontation is best described as _____________.

a gentle, but firm, challenge

____ "How are you feeling today?" Instructions: The structure of the interview has been suggested as a valuable way to view many types of interviews. Further, within each structure there are certain goals and methods. In the following questions, identify the stage of the interview as: a. Initiating the session b. Gathering data c. Mutual goal setting d. Working e. Terminating and generalizing

a. Initiating the session

a. Initiating the session b. Gathering data

"Could you tell me what you'd like to talk about today?" Skill: _____ Stage:_____ Instructions: The five stages of a simple structure for the interview are listed below. Following are counselor comments. Identify the skill used by the counselor in terms of the five skills listed and also list the stage/dimension of the interview most likely represented. Skill Stage/Dimension a. Open question 1. Empathic relationship b. Encourager 2. Story and strengths c. Paraphrase 3. Goals d. Reflection of feeling 4. Restory 5. Action

a. Open question 2. Story and strengths

"Given it all, the problem and your assets, what would be an ideal solution?" Skill:________ Stage:_____________ Instructions: The five stages of a simple structure for the interview are listed below. Following are counselor comments. Identify the skill used by the counselor in terms of the five skills listed and also list the stage/dimension of the interview most likely represented. Stage/Dimension a. Open question 1. Empathic relationship b. Encourager 2. Story and strengths c. Paraphrase 3. Goals d. Reflection of feeling 4. Restory 5. Action

a. Open question 3. Goals

"Really nice to see you. How's it going today?"

a. Open question 1. Empathic relationship

All your clients like to be listened to accurately. If your client is culturally different from you, it may be more difficult for the client to trust you to hear him or her correctly. Which of the following would NOT be helpful to establish the necessary trust? a. Accurately following the specified treatment plan designated for your client's observed ethnic group b. Enjoying yourself at cultural celebrations c. Learning the political/power structure of the client's community

a. Accurately following the specified treatment plan designated for your client's observed ethnic group

When movements do not mirror one another between a client and an interviewer, but still remain in harmony (a head nod may follow a comment by the other), this is termed: a. movement complementarity b. symmetrical conversation c. movement synchrony d. a double bind

a. movement complementarity

"Mobility" is to "immobility" as "cultural intentionality" is to ____.

all of the above

Crisis counseling was developed: -all of these. -as person-centered theory gave little attention to action. -as a way to help clients cope positively with life challenges in a short-time frame. -as assertiveness training is too behavioral and specific.

as a way to help clients cope positively with life challenges in a short-time frame.

Crisis counseling was developed: -all of these. -as a way to help clients cope positively with life challenges in a short-time frame. -as assertiveness training is too behavioral and specific. -as person-centered theory gave little attention to action.

as a way to help clients cope positively with life challenges in a short-time frame.

When it comes to appropriate interviewer body language, ________ is essential to building trust. • skillfully executed technique • sitting straight in your chair • authenticity • relaxed open arms

authenticity

The maintaining change worksheet helps the client plan to: -maintain current behavior. -avoid slips into old behavior. -resolve the reason for consultation. -prevent current abnormal behavior

avoid slips into old behavior.

Multicultural competence focuses on: -ethical statements for effective multicultural work. -awareness, knowledge, skills, and actions required for all practice, research, and training. -culturally specific treatment methods. -an adopted set of absolute rules for counselors and psychologists.

awareness, knowledge, skills, and actions required for all practice, research, and training.

Which of the following suggestions may encourage clients talk more freely with you? a. Search for concrete specifics b. All of the above c. Accept some randomness d. Build trust at the client's pace

b. All of the above

Which of the following statements represent an abstract/formal operational thought statement? a. "This office has not promoted any women in the last five years." b. None of these c. "I dropped my child off at school and said 'good-bye' in my native language as that is what we speak at home. A teacher came by and told my son that he had to stop using our language because he is now an American." d. "My child is very active physically and talks pretty fast. He can get so enthused about something that he knocks over things. Yet, he is able to carry on a conversation and pays attention when I read to him. I wonder why they want to label all this as ADHD."

b. None of these

37. Which of the following is NOT a component of attending behavior? a. Attentive and authentic body language b. Verbal mirroring technique c. verbal tracking d. Visual/eye contact

b. Verbal mirroring technique

Vocal qualities and verbal tracking: a. Are NOT interviewer skills. b. are distinctly different and critical attending skills c. are secondary and tertiary attending skills d. are essentially the same skill

b. are distinctly different and critical attending skills

"I'm really angry right now," said while smiling, is an example of a ____. a. discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors b. discrepancy between a verbal statement and a nonverbal behavior c. discrepancy between what one says and what one explains d. discrepancy between a client and a situation

b. discrepancy between a verbal statement and a nonverbal behavior

Interviewers can predict that both they and their clients will appreciate, gain respect, and learn from increasing knowledge in intersecting identities, the nature of privilege, and multicultural competence when the interviewer ________. •bases her behavior on an ethical approach with an awareness of diversity •is an educated, qualified, and experienced professional •stays within the boundaries of multicultural guidelines and practice competencies •is competent to address any and all multicultural issues

bases her behavior on an ethical approach with an awareness of diversity

When the interviewer's responses are basically interchangeable with those of the client, this is: • basic empathy. • subtractive empathy. • additive empathy. • empathy.

basic empathy.

Summarizing is primarily used to ____. a.mentalize the world of the client b.begin or end an interview c.define your agenda for the counseling session d.all of these

begin or end an interview

Too many questions together give too much control to the interviewer and can put the client on the defensive. This is known as ___________.

bombardment/grilling

Assuming you have sufficient trust, you might try ___________ to help a client increase emotional expression. a. commenting on their nonverbals b. asking them to repeat emotionally loaded words c. holding back for an interview or two and avoiding the issue d. both a and b

both a and b

fMRI is a ____________. -brain imaging technique -functional stereotaxic apparatus -telesensor used to count brain cells -technique to reduce brain tumors

brain imaging technique

Which of the following statements represent a concrete client statement? a. "The school is racist." b. "My lover is mean to me." c. "My child is very active physically and talks pretty fast. He can get so enthused about something that he knocks over things. Yet, he is able to carry on a conversation and pays attention when I read to him. I wonder why they want to label all this as ADHD." d. "That is sexist."

c. "My child is very active physically and talks pretty fast. He can get so enthused about something that he knocks over things. Yet, he is able to carry on a conversation and pays attention when I read to him. I wonder why they want to label all this as ADHD."

"Sounds as if one of your major strengths is being direct and honest with your parents." Skill:__________ Stage:_____________ Instructions: The five stages of a simple structure for the interview are listed below. Following are counselor comments. Identify the skill used by the counselor in terms of the five skills listed and also list the stage/dimension of the interview most likely represented Stage/Dimension a. Open question 1. Empathic relationship b. Encourager 2. Story and strengths c. Paraphrase 3. Goals d. Reflection of feeling 4. Restory 5. Action

c. Paraphrase 2. Story and strengths

c. Paraphrase 4. Restory

"So, let's see if I have it straight. On one hand, you feel anxious and worried about telling your parents you are quitting school. You know you'd like to anticipate their reaction and you'd like that reaction to be positive. Your strength has been dealing directly and honestly with them. Have I heard you correctly?" Skill:________ Stage:____________ Instructions: The five stages of a simple structure for the interview are listed below. Following are counselor comments. Identify the skill used by the counselor in terms of the five skills listed and also list the stage/dimension of the interview most likely represented. Stage/Dimension a. Open question 1. Empathic relationship b. Encourager 2. Story and strengths c. Paraphrase 3. Goals d. Reflection of feeling 4. Restory 5. Action

c. Paraphrase 4. Restory

Silence :

can be frightening to the beginning helper.

A ___________________ is an individualized application of your theoretical model that takes into consideration the antecedents of the case and your observations and inferences. -case conceptualization -treatment plan -future diary -theoretical formulation

case conceptualization

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate? a. The counselor may need to adapt his or her style to meet the needs of the client. b. Good observers encourage clients to talk more. c. The multicultural background of each client may modify his or her communicating style. d. Attending behavior is primarily concerned with noting body language

d. Attending behavior is primarily concerned with noting body language

Sounds as if you feel very optimistic and enthused about what you're going to do next week." Stage/Dimension a. Open question 1. Empathic relationship b. Encourager 2. Story and strengths c. Paraphrase 3. Goals d. Reflection of feeling 4. Restory 5. Action

d. Reflection of feeling 5. Action

36. Which of the following is NOT true of selective attention? a. Clients tend to talk about what interviewers are willing to hear. b. Interviewers may have a limited list of topics that interest them. c. It is just as important for interviewers to observe how they selectively attend to specific topics. d. Selective attention is simply interviewers noting the topics to which clients attend.

d. Selective attention is simply interviewers noting the topics to which clients attend.

"Find something practical and pragmatic" is an underlying philosophy of: -decisional counseling. -person-centered theory. -cognitive behavioral theory. -logotherapy.

decisional counseling.

The client is smiling, but his/her knuckles are white from clinched fists. This is an example of a ______. -discrepancy between what one says and what one does. -discrepancy between statements and verbal behavior. -discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors. -discrepancy in verbal statements.

discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors.

Open questions ________, and closed questions ________.

encourage others to talk; bring out specifics

A proficient demonstration of active listening requires the interviewer to ____.

listen intently, with a nonjudgmental attitude, and clarify what clients have to say

Client: There's this group of girls who make fun of me and call me names, and I feel sad. They keep making fun of my shoes, just 'cause I don't have name-brand shoes. I try to ignore them, but still the feeling inside me just hurts. Counselor: Demaris, it sounds like it hurts when they make fun of your shoes. This response can be classified as _______ noting emotions. -restating -paraphrasing -summarizing -encouraging

paraphrasing

If anything, informed consent when working with children is ___________________.

perhaps even more important than with adults

Logical consequences is a strategy rarely used by: decision counseling. cognitive behavioral therapy. person centered therapy. motivational interviewing.

person centered therapy.

Basic empathy is best defined as:

the interviewer accurately says back to the client what has been said.

Client: Since my mother was diagnosed with cancer, I've been really worried and concerned. She just doesn't look as well as she did before; she needs a lot more rest. Which of the following interviewer responses is reflection of feeling? -"You seem really worried and concerned about your mother." -"Your mother looks well, but she needs more rest." -"Your mother has cancer and she needs more rest." -"Umm, tell me more."

"You seem really worried and concerned about your mother."

The basic listening sequence can help ensure that ____. -the client is encouraged to bring out the facts, feelings, and thoughts around their issues -clients tell their stories more fully -clients feel that their stories have been heard -all of these

-all of these

According to the authors, the most effective eye contact for attending ____. -respects multicultural preferences -demands avoiding eye contact with the interviewee -requires consistent visual contact with the interviewee -depends on the cultural and socioeconomic factors of the interviewee

-respects multicultural preferences

Past research has found that ____________ percent of minority clients do NOT return to counseling after a first session? 35% 50% 10% 20%

50%

Approximately what percentage of medical issues involve the brain and stress?

80%

Which of the following suggestions may encourage clients talk more freely with you? ALL OF THE ABOVE Build trust at the client's pace Accept some randomness Search for concrete specifics

ALL OF THE ABOVE

"You've decided that you want to be more assertive with your friends. That's great, but now let us make a specific plan to take that idea home." This is most likely what stage of the interview? Story and strengths - Gathering data Restory - Working Goals - Mutual goal setting Action - Terminating

Action - Terminating

"You've decided that you want to be more assertive with your friends. That's great, but now let us make a specific plan to take that idea home." This is most likely what stage of the interview? You Answered Goals - Mutual goal setting Action - Terminating Restory - Working Story and strengths - Gathering data

Action - Terminating

The theory and philosophy of the five-stage decisional style is similar to: Alfred Adler's Individual Therapy. Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Therapy. Carl Rogers's Person-Centered Therapy. Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy.

Carl Rogers's Person-Centered Therapy.

The ________________ is a systematic way to monitor the progress of clients toward their goals. Client Change Scale Client Progress Scale Client Concrete Scale Client Developmental Identity Scale

Client Change Scale

Which of the following is NOT an emotional word? Considerate Angry Excited Joyful

Considerate

Which question opener is MOST helpful in encouraging clients to talk? Why Could How What

Could

When working with a client, which of the following is a more personal process that emphasizes listening, understanding the client's life challenges, and developing strategies for change? -Interviewing -Psychology -Psychotherapy -Counseling

Counseling

___ is primarily focused on normal, developmental issues and concern. -Interviewing -Psychology -Psychotherapy -Counseling

Counseling

What is the focus of the following statement? "You think you know who the father is?" Focus on the main theme or problem Focus on mutuality Focus on others Focus on the client

Focus on others

Counseling children requires ______________. • more extensive use of questions than with adults • avoiding the repetition of paraphrasing • summarizing constantly what the child is saying • using more concrete language

• using more concrete language

"Vanessa, we've been working together for two weeks. Today I'm glad you can openly express your feelings to me." With this response, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client? •Significant others focus •Client focus •Mutuality, immediacy, and the counselor focus •Theme or issue focus

•Mutuality, immediacy, and the counselor focus

Which of the following statements represent a concrete client statement? -"The school is racist." -"My child is very active physically and talks pretty fast. He can get so enthused about something that he knocks over things. Yet, he is able to carry on a conversation and pays attention when I read to him. I wonder why they want to label all this as ADHD." -"My lover is mean to me." -"That is sexist."

"My child is very active physically and talks pretty fast. He can get so enthused about something that he knocks over things. Yet, he is able to carry on a conversation and pays attention when I read to him. I wonder why they want to label all this as ADHD."

Which of the following is TRUE about body language? -Leaning forward closely toward a Latina/Latino friend will often be received as intrusive. -A comfortable conversational distance for North Americans is slightly more than arm's length. -English-speaking people generally prefer a conversation at slightly less than half an arm's length. -A comfortable conversational distance for traditional Arab Americans is more than an arm's length

A comfortable conversational distance for North Americans is slightly more than arm's length

____ "My child has been diagnosed with ADHD." A for abstract/formal operational thought C for concrete client statement

A for abstract/formal operational thought

The family genogram is ____.

A good way to help a client focus on family issues

Change that happens without warmth and empathy is more effective and lasts a longer time. A. False B. True

A. False

Developing awareness, knowledge, and skills is all you need to be an effective counselor. A. False B. True

A. False

The prime storehouse of positive emotions is the: A. frontal cortex. B. thalamus. C. amygdala. D. cingulate cortex.

A. frontal cortex.

Sorting out mixed feelings is best done, according to the authors, by: A. noting ambivalent words such as "confusion" and discovering underlying deeper feelings through questioning and reflection of feeling. B. using the exact words of the client. C. carefully bringing out additional specifics of the client's emotional world. D. paraphrasing feelings clearly, encouraging, and then summarizing.

A. noting ambivalent words such as "confusion" and discovering underlying deeper feelings through questioning and reflection of feeling.

In all of the examples, we can assume: A. quality would depend on the situation. B. a and c. C. the attending responses were the best. D. the non attending responses were the best.

A. quality would depend on the situation.

Being aware of what one is doing can interfere with coordination and smoothness. This is known in microskills training as ____. A. the Samurai Effect B. the difficulty of practice C. the nonverbal effect D. the need for fewer skills and a simplified model of training for some beginners

A. the Samurai Effect

Counseling children requires ______________. A. using more concrete language B. summarizing constantly what the child is saying C. more extensive use of questions than with adults D. avoiding the repetition of paraphrasing

A. using more concrete language

The client is smiling, but his/her knuckles are white from clinched fists. This is an example of a ____. A. discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors B. discrepancy between what one says and what one does C. discrepancy in verbal statements D. discrepancy between statements and verbal behavior

A. discrepancy in nonverbal behaviors

In decisional counseling, we may lay out homework for the following week. This is representative of which stage of the interview?

ACTION

Informed consent means: ALL OF THE ABOVE -going over the purposes, goals, limitations, and possible benefits of counseling. -informing your clients about your training, background, and possible dual relationships. -obtaining permission to audiotape an interview.

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Multicultural competence includes: ALL OF THE ABOVE awareness. skills. knowledge.

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Social skills training may refer to ___ -ALL OF THE ABOVE -assertiveness training -dating behavior -drug-refusal skills

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Which of the following is TRUE about questions ALL OF THE ABOVE They help to open and close client talk. They guide the manner in which a client talks about an issue. They bring out specific detail in client's stories.

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? ALL OF THE ABOVE Closed questions can overwhelm clients. Specific critical details can be expressed using closed questions. Interviewers can totally control the session using closed questions.

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Accurately reflecting feeling results in: -ALL OF THESE -grounding the counselor and client in basic experience. -helping clients sort out complex feelings and thoughts. -bringing out the richness of the client's emotional world

ALL OF THESE

Exercise is a recommended preventive treatment for: ALL OF THESE cancer. obesity. slowing onset of Alzheimer's.

ALL OF THESE

Which of the following statements is TRUE of active listening? ALL OF THESE -Active listening demands serious attention to empathy. -Active listening demands that the interviewer fully participate in the interview by encouraging, paraphrasing, or summarizing. -Active listening enables the interviewer to see the client's worldview more completely.

ALL OF THESE

Which of the following statements is NOT correct according to Carlstedt's findings? -25% completed their work in 5 to 10 sessions. -50% finished after four sessions. -Most clients completed therapy by the 35th session. -About 50% of the clients did not return after the first session.

About 50% of the clients did not return after the first session.

Two major client communication styles are presented in the:

Abstraction Ladder

"What will enable the interviewee to feel the interview was worthwhile?" As you prepare your first interview treatment plan for a new client, you would most likely ask this question when you consider which stage of the interview? Empathic relationship Story and strengths Goals Action

Action

In decisional counseling, we may lay out homework for the following week. This is representative of which stage of the interview? A. Story and strengths B. Restory C. Action D. Empathic relationship

Action

In which stage of the interview are you and your client likely to generate specific implementation plans? Empathic relationship Restory Action Goals Story and strengths

Action

"Why did you do that?" This question may: •All of the above •Help clients think about what they did and why. •Bring out client reasons for what they did. •Make clients feel defensive.

All of the above

As an interviewer you may help alleviate the occurrence of accumulated stress or posttraumatic stress responses in clients by your careful listening and support. Which of the following is an example of accumulated stress? -Being teased and excluded by classmates -Experiencing discrimination and prejudice in the community -Continuing harassment in the workplace -All of the above

All of the above

What type of client is likely to benefit from a family genogram? a. Adopted clients b. All of the above c. First-generation Americans d. Clients from nuclear families

All of the above

Which of the following behaviors best describes the client who "hyper-reflects"? -Focuses on the negative meaning of life experiences -Thinks about things too much -Overeats, drinks to excess, or wallows in depression -All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following disruptive behaviors can lead to a poor session?

All of the above

Which of the following is a key word used by interviewers to elicit meaning? Intent Cause All of the above Reasons

All of the above

Which of the following is basic to empathic understanding? -Summarizing -All of the above -Encouraging -Paraphrasing

All of the above

Why do "why" questions often put interviewees on the defensive? -As children, we all experienced some form of, "Why did you do that?" -All of the above -"Why" questions can cause discomfort. -"Why" questions evoke a sense of being attacked.

All of the above

Informed consent means: -All of the above. -obtaining permission to audiotape an interview. -going over the purposes, goals, limitations, and the possible benefits of counseling. -informing your clients about your training, background, and possible dual relationships.

All of the above.

Which of the following alternatives may help you as you begin sessions? -Talk about neutral subjects. -A good sense of humor. -Patience -All of the above.

All of the above.

How can we help clients work through issues and come up with answers? Problem-solving counseling All of these Balance sheet and future diary Decisional counseling

All of these

Multiculturalism refers to more than race and ethnicity. The RESPECTFUL model expands the definition of difference. Which of the following is included in the 10 dimensions of difference defined by the RESPECTFUL model?

All of these

Research suggests that positive emotions produce patterns of thought that are: integrative. All of these creative. flexible.

All of these

Research suggests that positive emotions produce patterns of thought that are: All of these Flexible Creative Integrative

All of these

Research suggests that positive emotions produce patterns of thought that are: -flexible. -creative. -integrative. -All of these

All of these

The basic listening sequence can operate in which of the following settings? -Medicine -Management -Sales -All of these

All of these

The check-out is important because: -All of these -It provides the client room to clarify things that the interviewer may have missed -it tends to clarify what the client has been saying -if the counselor is wrong, the client can come back and restate the issue more clearly

All of these

The intentional counselor or therapist: -is responsible for becoming competent in interviewing skills and strategies. -All of these -understands the importance of practice to achieve mastery. -recognizes the importance of self-understanding in helping others.

All of these

The microskills framework has been taught to ____. -AIDS workers in sub-Saharan Africa -social workers working with the indigenous Australian population -All of these -business managers in Sweden, Japan, and the U.S.

All of these

Using different combinations of microskills with specific approaches to counseling enables you to engage in which of the following interviewing styles? All of these Person-centered Brief counseling Cognitive behavioral

All of these

What type of client is MOST likely to benefit from a community genogram?

All of these

What type of client is MOST likely to benefit from a community genogram? a. Adopted clients b. Clients who can trace their family over time c. Clients from nuclear families d. All of these

All of these

When the interviewer reflects feeling, he or she can expect the client will ________. a. experience their emotional state more fully b. talk in more depth about their feelings c. correct the interviewer's reflection with a more accurate descriptor d. All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a byproduct of positive stress? -Learning -Feeling happy -neurogenesis -All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a good reason to consider referral for a client? -No interviewer has all the answers. -All of these -The client/interviewer relationship is just not working as well as it should. -You refer your client to welfare and child services for additional help.

All of these

Which of the following is a good reason to consider referral for a client? -The client/interviewer relationship is just not working as well as it should. -You refer your client to welfare and child services for additional help. -No interviewer has all the answers. -All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a reason to focus client conversation? -You and the client are overwhelmed by the number of client issues. -The client insists that you start solving issues immediately. -All of these -The client gives you three full minutes of problematic stories

All of these

Which of the following is an element of appropriate interviewer self-disclosure? -interviewer observations, opinions, or feelings toward the client -Related past personal life experience of the interviewer -Beginning with an "I" statement -All of these

All of these

Which of the following is very important for counseling clients? -Develop plans -Reexamine your own style -Create checklists -All of these

All of these

Which of the following may NOT help clients slow down and regain control of their emotions? -All of these -Pace clients appropriately -Join clients where they are -Gestalt exercises

All of these

Which of the following represents a potential limitation of reflection of feeling? -Timing is particularly important with reflection of feeling. -All of these -Not all clients will appreciate your comments on their feelings. -Empathic reflection can have a confrontational quality to some clients.

All of these

Which of the following theories of counseling deal with problem-solving and decisions? -Cognitive behavioral -Person-centered -Decision Counseling -All of these

All of these

____________, as this will provide a constant way to grow and improve your interviewing skills. -All of these -Appropriately share your thoughts and analysis with your client -Continuously perform a detailed analysis of your interviewing style and behavior -Seek colleagues and supervisors to review your work

All of these

Which of the following is TRUE of an accurate paraphrase?

All of these choices are true of an accurate paraphrase.

Which of the following professional organizations have published ethical standards? -All of these. -American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics -American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct -American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) Code of Ethics

All of these.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of counselor use of logical consequence? -All of these. -Through systematic questioning and discussion, the counselor helps clients clarify positive and negative consequences of a variety of alternatives. -The counselor's task is to help the client make decisions, not make decisions for the client. -The strategy of logical consequences is particularly important and most often used in decisional counseling.

All of these.

9. Which of the following energizes the brain and readies it for new information? A. Hippocampus B. Thalamus C. Amygdala D. Dopamine

Amygdala

Which one of the following INACCURATELY describes a step for using the strategy of logical consequences? -Use questions and brainstorming to help the client generate alternatives. -Through listening, clarify that you and your client understand the situation in the same way. -Provide a nonjudgmental summary of positive and negative consequences. -As the client lists positive consequences, the counselor lists negative consequences.

As the client lists positive consequences, the counselor lists negative consequences.

What is an appropriate counselor response when clients sometimes ask you directly for advice? -Give the client psychoeducational instruction based on your personal experience. -Offer your opinion; the right advice fosters independence in the client. -Ask the client to explore the issue from a different perspective first. -Give the client advice based on your best assessment of the client's problem.

Ask the client to explore the issue from a different perspective first.

Male Client (talking about a job conflict): I just don't know what to do about my new boss. He is always blaming me even when I do a good job. He's new on the job; maybe he doesn't have much experience as a supervisor. But he's got me so jumpy and nervous I can't sleep at night. My family isn't doing well, and I've been arguing with my wife. She doesn't understand what's going on. And the kids aren't doing well in school. -Reflect feelings. -Ask an open question. -Summarize the client statement and ask where the client would like to start. -Attempt to use a perfect empathic response.

Attempt to use a perfect empathic response

Even the most advanced professional doesn't always know what is happening. What can you do when you don't know what to do?

Attend

An absence of discrepancies and incongruity. Instructions: Listed below are several qualities related to empathy. Mark the letter that corresponds to the qualities in the descriptions below. a. Basic empathy f. Concreteness b. Subtractive empathy g. Immediacy c. Additive empathy h. Nonjudgmental attitude d. Positive regard i. Authenticity and congruence e. Respect and warmth

Authenticity and congruence

"Why did you do that?" This question may: A. Bring out client reasons for what they did. B. All of the above C. Make clients feel defensive. D. Help clients think about what they did and why.

B. All of the above

As the interviewer, when you don't know what to do next, which of the following should you do? A. End the session. B. Continue attending to the client. C. Ask the client to start over.

B. Continue attending to the client.

Client response: "I don't understand what you are saying. There's no need to put it together. There's no problem. That's the way I do it." This client is where on the CCS? A. Partial examination B. Denial C. Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors D. Decision to live with incongruity

B. Denial

Which question stem is often oriented to bringing out feelings and/or client processes? A. Why B. How C. What D. Could

B. How

26. As a result of effective and empathic confrontation, a counselor or interviewer can anticipate that the client will ________. A. become angry B. come up with new ideas, thoughts, and feelings C. resolve his or her issues D. move to a more productive topic

B. come up with new ideas, thoughts, and feelings

Incongruities and discrepancies of the interviewee that should be identified include all EXCEPT which of the following? -Between what one says and what one does -Between the influencing skill used by the interviewer and the interviewee response -Between two statements -Between statements and nonverbal behavior

Between the influencing skill used by the interviewer and the interviewee response

"My dad and mom are both alcoholics. Last night, I couldn't stand it anymore, so I left the house. Now I don't have anywhere to stay tonight." C for concrete client statement A for abstract/formal operational thought

C for concrete client statement

____ "This office has not promoted any women in the last five years." C for concrete client statement A for abstract/formal operational thought

C for concrete client statement

____ "This office has not promoted any women in the last five years." C for concrete client statement A for abstract/formal operational thought

C for concrete client statement

____ "My child is very active physically and talks pretty fast. He can get so enthused about something that he knocks over things. Yet, he is able to carry on a conversation and pays attention when I read to him. I wonder why they want to label all this as ADHD." C for concrete client statement A for abstract/formal operational thought

C for concrete client statement

___ "I went to a movie last night. We walked in, and I saw my friend Jim. Then we bought popcorn and we sat down. C for concrete client statement. A for abstract/formal operational thought.

C for concrete client statement.

The authors argue that natural style is a basic building block of intentional counseling. Which of the following is NOT part of their view of natural style? A. In interviewing training, too many people may forget the many strengths they bring to the course even before instruction begins. B. We all have natural strengths in communication. C. It is best to identify one's natural style and then always hold to it. D. Instruction, practice, and learning new skills and strategies can enhance natural style.

C. It is best to identify one's natural style

Learning attending and the other microskills involves breaking each skill to its smallest component and is similar to ____. A. how samurai learn swordplay B. learning to drive a car for the first time C. all of the above D. becoming proficient with demanding activities: sports, dance, music

C. all of the above

Encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing ____. A. communicate to the client what he or she said B. help clients to talk in more detail about issues of concern C. all of these D. clarify for the client what he or she has said

C. all of these

Which of the following professional organizations have published ethical standards? A. American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) Code of Ethics B. American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct C. all of these. D. American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics

C. all of these.

All of the following are encouragers EXCEPT ____. A. open palm B. single-word repetitions C. well-phrased open questions D. head nods

C. well-phrased open questions

Stereotyping a client: A. is relatively easy with multicultural clients. B. is determined by the acculturation of individual clients. C. is discriminatory and naïve. D. is useful to determine which microskills to apply during a session.

C. is discriminatory and naïve.

Which one of the following does NOT belong in the five dimensions of self-disclosure? -Listen -Use "I" statements -Briefly share/describe your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors -Call the client by name

Call the client by name

The ________________ is a systematic way to monitor the progress of clients toward their goals. • Client Developmental Identity Scale • Client Progress Scale • Client Concrete Scale • Client Change Scale

Client Change Scale

Sounds like you are punishing yourself when you are trying so hard to be responsible." By using this response, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client?

Client focus

Which of the following is NOT a danger of questions? -In cross-cultural situations, too many questions may destroy the relationship. -The client may be put on the defensive by why questions. -Client stories may be made more concrete and specific through questioning strategies. -The interviewer can take too much control of the session.

Client stories may be made more concrete and specific through questioning strategies.

Which of the following is NOT a danger of questions? -Client stories may be made more concrete and specific through questioning strategies. -The interviewer can take too much control of the session. -In cross-cultural situations, too many questions may destroy the relationship. -The client may be put on the defensive by why questions.

Client stories may be made more concrete and specific through questioning strategies.

As it relates to client rights and informed consent, which one of the following statements is FALSE? •Throughout the counseling process, as appropriate, counselors must inform clients of goals, techniques, limitations, risks, and benefits. •Clients are informed of the therapy plan outlined by an experienced therapist and follow it with little deviation. •Counselors must make sure clients understand the limits of confidentiality. •Clients have the right to participate in counseling planning and the right to refuse services.

Clients are informed of the therapy plan outlined by an experienced therapist and follow it with little deviation.

Interpretation/reframing is useful in understanding what is going on in the client's mind and/or linking the client to how the environment affects thinking and behavior in which of the following theories? -Person-Centered Theory -Cognitive Behavioral Theory -Psychodynamic Theory -Decisional Theory

Cognitive Behavioral Theory

______ assumes that altered behavior is an immediate result and that changes in thoughts and feeling will follow. None of these Brief counseling Cognitive behavioral theory Person-centered theory

Cognitive behavioral theory

Relapse prevention would MOST LIKELY be used by which of the following theories or methods? Cognitive behavioral therapy All of these Decisional career counseling Motivational interviewing

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Which of the five theoretical orientations presented in this book is BEST represented by the following lead? Select the one best alternative, even though other systems may use the style at times. "Could you be a bit more specific about what went through your mind, what happened next, and what was the final result?" Motivational interviewing Cognitive behavioral therapy Person-centered theory Decisional career counseling

Cognitive behavioral therapy

____ consider(s) basic confrontation between the present behavior and the goal behavior in Stage 4, restory. Person-centered counseling Multicultural counseling Feminist therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy

"I really don't know. It seems clear that my not getting the raise was really unfair—just because I'm a woman. It really hurts!" ____ "The average woman's pay is 70% of the average man's pay." Instructions: The questions below require you to identify what type of focus the responder is using in the reply to the following statement: Identify the kind of focus by its letter. a. Person focus e. Mutual issues or group focus b. Problem/main theme focus f. Interviewer focus c. Others focus g. Cultural/environmental/contextual focus d. Family focus

Cultural/environmental/contextual focus

Which of the following is TRUE of visuals? -In some cultures, eye contact is always considered inappropriate. -Culturally and individually appropriate eye contact is essential. -Men have better eye contact than women. -We always need to strive for eye contact.

Culturally and individually appropriate eye contact is essential.

________ can generate alternatives in a given situation and approach a problem from different perspectives, using a variety of skills and personal qualities and adapting to suit different clients' needs. -Culturally intentional individuals -Cultural individuals -Every interviewer -Individual psychotherapists

Culturally intentional individuals

_________________ can generate alternatives in a given situation and approach a problem from different perspective, using a variety of skills and personal qualities and adapting to suit different clients' needs. -Every interviewer -Culturally intentional individuals -Cultural individuals -Individual psychotherapists

Culturally intentional individuals

Confrontation during a single session and over a series of interviews may be measured on a 5-point scale called the Client Change Scale. Which of the following represents this scale? a. Identification, Partial Examination, Acceptance, Forgiveness, and Transcendence b. Denial, Identification, Recognition, Generating Solutions, and Development c. Identification, Examination, Acceptance, Forgiveness, and Evaluation d. Denial, Partial Examination, Acceptance but No Change, Generation of New Solution, and Transcendence

Denial, Partial Examination, Acceptance but No Change, Generation of New Solution, and Transcendence

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding questioning in a multicultural setting? • An extreme questioning style can produce mistrust when the interviewer and client are from different cultural backgrounds. • An extreme questioning style can produce mistrust with clients of all cultural groups. • Depending on your cultural heritage, questioning is completely appropriate as needed. • Depending on your cultural heritage, questioning may be met with distrust.

Depending on your cultural heritage, questioning is completely appropriate as needed.

"My son is perfect; he just doesn't respect me." This is an example of which of the following? -Discrepancies in verbal statements -Discrepancies in nonverbal behaviors -None of the above -Discrepancies between what one says and what one does

Discrepancies in verbal statements

During the ____ stage of the interview clients may feel at ease and know what to expect. -Empathic relationship -Story and strengths -Goals -Re-story -Action

Empathic relationship

Which of the following is not used in reflection of feeling? a. Identifying key emotions b. Emphasizing cognitive content c. Affective empathy d. Searching for positive feelings

Emphasizing cognitive content

Which one of the following statements is NOT true of cultural and environmental focus? -Environmental context includes the impact of culture, gender, and race on client development. -Environmental context is person-as-community. -Environmental context is not a legitimate focus area. -Environmental context is the impact of how the client grew up in his or her community.

Environmental context is not a legitimate focus area.

Client records are very important, but it is OK if an interviewer does not take any notes FALSE TRUE

FALSE

12. Judgments should never be implicated in the counseling session. False True

False

16. Confrontations are frequently observed in session conversations. True False

False

According to the authors, empathic confrontation is a distinct skill that relies heavily on influencing skills and strategies for client change. a. False b. True

False

According to the authors, open questions can be answered in a few words and closed questions can be answered in several sentences. True False

False

All crisis counseling involves two phases: (1) working through the initial trauma and (2) appropriate referral and discharge. True False

False

Clients complete each developmental task in fairly quick succession, and their progress can be quickly assessed on the Client Change Scale (CCS). False True

False

Only reflection of meaning can help clients find their "center of being in the world." True False

False

Over time the brain loses the power to change itself on the basis of experience. True False

False

Working with children uses only some of the microskills. False True

False

"Let us take action. We can do it! We've got what it takes!" Instructions: The questions below require you to identify what type of focus the responder is using in the reply to the following statement: "I just can't believe how much fun I'm having right now. They call this an exam, but I feel more like I'm at a party. And not only that, but I'm learning so much at the same time. I just feel so smart and competent as I answer these questions that I could jump up and down. My parents never told me how much fun college was going to be. The only problem is the professor's sense of humor. Sometimes I think he got into teaching because it was the only way he could get away with such bad jokes without having people leave the room." Identify the kind of focus by its letter. a. Person focus e. Mutual issues or group focus b. Problem/main theme focus f. Interviewer focus c. Others focus g. Cultural/environmental/contextual focus d. Family focus

Family focus

Which of the following is seen as the most basic emotion? A. Fear B. Surprise C. Disgust D. Anger

Fear

What is the focus of the following interviewer's statement? "What help have you found in your community church?" • Focus on mutuality • Focus on the client • Focus on cultural, environmental, and contextual issues • Focus on the main theme or problem

Focus on cultural, environmental, and contextual issues

"As I hear you, Jackson is the likely father; but on the other hand, you really aren't sure? Have I got that right?" What is the focus of this statement? Focus on others Focus on the main theme or problem Focus on family Focus on the client

Focus on others

What is the focus of the following statement? "You think you know who the father is?"

Focus on others

One of the earliest decisional models is the three-stage decision model. Who proposed this model? Nezu Beck Franklin Parsons

Franklin

23. Instructions: Imagine that you are talking with a client about emotional child abuse. You have just confronted the client with the following statement: "On one hand, you say you love your child, but on the other hand you continue to put her out in the hall of your apartment where you force her to stand in the dark. How do you put that together?" Classify the following client's response using the CCS scale. Client response: "I understand what you are saying. It just doesn't make sense what I'm doing. I seem to be saying one thing, but doing another." This client is where on the CCS? • Partial examination • Full examination, no change • Denial • Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

Full examination, no change

____ "Could you give me a specific example of your conflict with your wife?" a. Initiating the session b. Gathering data c. Mutual goal setting d. Working e. Terminating and generalizing

Gathering data

Which is NOT an effective way to gain better understanding of those who are culturally different from you?

Getting to know people different from you in a personal way.

Asking the client what he or she wants to happen in cognitive behavioral therapy is most representative of which phase of the interview? Goals Story and strengths Restorying Action

Goals

In which stage of the interview are you and your client likely to define the ideal outcome? Action Restory Goals Empathic relationship Story and strengths

Goals

The community genogram is used to help clients understand how their ________ might affect their current feelings and thoughts.

HISTORY

"Multicultural Guidelines and Competencies: Dimension 2: Understand the worldview of the culturally different client." According to this, which of the following contributes to your ability to comprehend the worldview of diverse clients? •By applying traditional approaches to counseling theory and skills, you will achieve similar results to all cultural groups. •If you hold inaccurate stereotypes, you must listen and learn respect for how your client interprets humanity and the world. •The impact of socioeconomic factors and other oppressive forces may vary some among cultural groups, but overall the impact is similar. •Your study and experiences will enhance your confidence in cross-cultural counseling.

If you hold inaccurate stereotypes, you must listen and learn respect for how your client interprets humanity and the world.

Which of the following best represents the contrast between interpretation and paraphrase, reflection of feeling, focusing, and reflection of meaning? -In interpretation the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference. -In interpretation the interviewer uses the client's own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference. -In interpretation the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference. -In interpretation the interviewer remains in the client's own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses an external theory as a reference.

In interpretation the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference.

Which of the following is an ethical imperative when you are a trainee meeting with a new client for the first time? -Inform your client that you are in training, and give the client the supervisor's name. -Work with the policy of your agency on this issue, and only inform the client if that is their policy. -Review ethical standards and agency policy. -Prepare for the session carefully, and go over your plan with the supervisor.

Inform your client that you are in training, and give the client the supervisor's name.

Which of the following is an ethical imperative when you are a trainee meeting with a new client for the first time? -Review ethical standards and agency policy. -Work with the policy of your agency on this issue, and only inform the client if that is their policy. -Inform your client that you are in training, and give the client the supervisor's name. -Prepare for the session carefully, and go over your plan with the supervisor.

Inform your client that you are in training, and give the client the supervisor's name.

Which of the following is an ethical imperative when you are a trainee meeting with a new client for the first time? -Work with the policy of your agency on this issue, and only inform the client if that is their policy. -Prepare for the session carefully, and go over your plan with the supervisor. -Inform your client that you are in training, and give the client the supervisor's name. -Review ethical standards and agency policy.

Inform your client that you are in training, and give the client the supervisor's name.

____ "On one hand you want career advice, but on the other you now sound like you want to go into long-term therapy. Let's talk for awhile. How do you put that together?" Instructions: The structure of the interview has been suggested as a valuable way to view many types of interviews. Further, within each structure there are certain goals and methods. In the following questions, identify the stage of the interview as:

Initiating the session, Gathering data, or Mutual goal setting.

What, if anything, is the difference between interpretation and reframe? -There is no discernable difference. -Interpretation is new ways of thinking provided by the client; reframe is a new frame of reference provided by the interviewer.ect! -Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues. -Both focus on providing a new way of thinking for the client.

Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues.

"As I listen to you, I get very angry with the situation." Instructions: The questions below require you to identify what type of focus the responder is using in the reply to the following statement: "I just can't believe how much fun I'm having right now. They call this an exam, but I feel more like I'm at a party. And not only that, but I'm learning so much at the same time. I just feel so smart and competent as I answer these questions that I could jump up and down. My parents never told me how much fun college was going to be. The only problem is the professor's sense of humor. Sometimes I think he got into teaching because it was the only way he could get away with such bad jokes without having people leave the room." Identify the kind of focus by its letter. a. Person focus e. Mutual issues or group focus b. Problem/main theme focus f. Interviewer focus c. Others focus g. Cultural/environmental/contextual focus d. Family focus

Interviewer focus

Which of the following focuses on gathering client data, suggesting ways to solve problems, or providing information -Interviewing -Psychology -Psychotherapy -Counseling

Interviewing

Which of these is NOT true of effective attending behavior? -Is illustrated by frequent use of the self focus -Is useful in rapport building -Requires both verbal and nonverbal sensitivity -Primarily involves eye contact, body posture, and following the client verbally

Is illustrated by frequent use of the self focus

Mandatory ethics:

Is the view of ethical practices that deals with the minimum level of professional practice

Which of the following is TRUE about attention? -It is measurable through brain imaging techniques. -It does not involve brain activity. -It is only of a psychological nature. -None of the above

It is measurable through brain imaging techniques

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the skill of reflecting feelings? -It is probably the skill we use the most in our daily communications. -It is probably one of the easiest skills for you to master. -All of these -It is probably one of the skills that takes more time to get fully comfortable with.

It is probably one of the skills that takes more time to get fully comfortable with.

The client may distort his or her story and blame others unfairly in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)? -Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors -Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change -Level 2: Partial examination -Level 1: Denial

Level 1: Denial

The reality of the story is acknowledged during __________________ of the Client Change Scale (CCS). -Level 1: Denial -Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change -Level 2: Partial examination -Level 4: Generation of a new solution

Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change

The reality of the story is acknowledged during __________________ of the Client Change Scale (CCS). · Level 1: Denial · Level 2: Partial examination · Level 4: Generation of a new solution · Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change

Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change

Which of the following is NOT one of the four levels of competence identified in this chapter?

Level 3: Learning competence

An interviewer may hear, "You helped me see my mixed feelings; I need to express my feelings more," in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)?

Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

Which of the following is the definition of natural style used in this book? A. Natural style is your rational way of working with others to help them achieve their goals and aspirations. B. Natural style is what you develop after completing the chapters included in this book. C. Natural style is your flexible way of working with others to help them achieve their goals. D. Natural style is doing what you like with the hopes of helping others achieve what you believe is best for them.

Natural style is your flexible way of working with others to help them achieve their goals.

Which of the following is the definition of natural style used in this book? -Natural style is your rational way of working with others to help them achieve their goals and aspirations. -Natural style is what you develop after completing the chapters included in this book. -Natural style is doing what you like with the hopes of helping others achieve what you believe is best for them. -Natural style is your flexible way of working with others to help them achieve their goals.

Natural style is your flexible way of working with others to help them achieve their goals.

The idea of person-in-community was developed by ______ (1994), who pointed out that our family and community history and experiences live within each of us. a. Ogbonnaya b. Octavio c. Onwuegbuzie d. Oberne

Ogbonnaya

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy?

Only psychotherapy involves real therapy.

"Your family wants space. What kind of car have they got in mind?" Instructions: The questions below require you to identify what type of focus the responder is using in the reply to the following statement: "I just can't believe how much fun I'm having right now. They call this an exam, but I feel more like I'm at a party. And not only that, but I'm learning so much at the same time. I just feel so smart and competent as I answer these questions that I could jump up and down. My parents never told me how much fun college was going to be. The only problem is the professor's sense of humor. Sometimes I think he got into teaching because it was the only way he could get away with such bad jokes without having people leave the room." a. Person focus e. Mutual issues or group focus b. Problem/main theme focus f. Interviewer focus c. Others focus g. Cultural/environmental/contextual focus d. Family focus

Others focus

____ "Sounds as if you're having trouble with the kids, yet you note they are doing well and wonder if doing more things is the answer." Instructions: Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers, restatements, paraphrases, or summarizations? E for encourager R for restatement P for paraphrase S for summarization

P for paraphrase

"Sounds as if you're having trouble with the kids, yet you note they are doing well and wonder if doing more things is the answer." Instructions: Which of the following are most likely identified as encouragers, restatements, paraphrases, or summarizations?

P for paraphrase

"Sounds as if one of your major strengths is being direct and honest with your parents." Skill:__________ Stage:_____________

Paraphrase Story and strengths

"That means you've got two options so far: telling them directly that you are leaving and simply doing nothing about it at all." Skill:_________ Stage:____________ Instructions: The five stages of a simple structure for the interview are listed below. Following are counselor comments. Identify the skill used by the counselor in terms of the five skills listed and also list the stage/dimension of the interview most likely represented.

Paraphrase & Restory

15. Client response: "Yes, I do love her. I care for her very much. She is extremely important to me. We do everything together. We really do so many things that work out OK." This client is where on the CCS? Full examination, no change Partial examination Denial Decision to live with incongruity

Partial examination

_________ expanded Benjamin Franklin's decisional framework. Skinner Peirce and James Frankl Rogers

Peirce and James

Choose the FALSE statement regarding positive and negative emotions. -Positive emotions make everything OK with a client's negative issues. -Identifying positive feelings helps balance the focus on negative emotion. -A wellness assessment provides positive emotions to draw on when needed. -Do not minimize difficult emotions by too quickly focusing on the positive.

Positive emotions make everything OK with a client's negative issues.

. ____ Searching through the negative talk of a client and finding something that can be reframed in a more optimistic fashion. Instructions: Listed below are several qualities related to empathy. Mark the letter that corresponds to the qualities in the descriptions below. a. Basic empathy f. Concreteness b. Subtractive empathy g. Immediacy c. Additive empathy h. Nonjudgmental attitude d. Positive regard i. Authenticity and congruence e. Respect and warmth

Positive regard

____ Searching through the negative talk of a client and finding something that can be reframed in a more optimistic fashion. a. Basic empathy f. Concreteness b. Subtractive empathy g. Immediacy c. Additive empathy h. Nonjudgmental attitude d. Positive regard i. Authenticity and congruence e. Respect and warmth

Positive regard

Which statement is NOT true about guidelines for ethical practice in counseling and psychotherapy

Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose

The most immediate and potentially powerful tense for a reflection of feeling is:

Present tense

"How does it feel, being a woman, to talk to me about this issue, as I am a man?" Discussing this issue is part of the ethical area of:

Privilege.

____ "Steps need to be taken to improve the humor or eliminate it completely." "I just can't believe how much fun I'm having right now. They call this an exam, but I feel more like I'm at a party. And not only that, but I'm learning so much at the same time. I just feel so smart and competent as I answer these questions that I could jump up and down. My parents never told me how much fun college was going to be. The only problem is the professor's sense of humor. Sometimes I think he got into teaching because it was the only way he could get away with such bad jokes without having people leave the room." Identify the kind of focus by its letter.

Problem/main theme focus

Choose the BEST method for formulating and responding to the client with an interpretation/reframe.

Provide a fresh look at the issue and link ideas or information.

Which of the following is a more intense process that focuses on deep-seated personality or behavioral difficulties? -Interviewing -Psychology -Psychotherapy -Counseling

Psychotherapy

Which of the following is NOT one of the major issues around questions discussed in the book? -Questions are critical in assessment. -Open questions help elaborate and enrich the client's story. -Questions promote trust in cross-cultural situations. -Questions may be met with distrust in some cross-cultural situations.

Questions promote trust in cross-cultural situations.

___ "I hear you saying you are very discouraged and hurting right now. Am I hearing you correctly?" P for Paraphrase E for Encourager R for Reflection of Feeling

R for Reflection of Feeling

What should you do when the feelings of the client are not fully understandable and seem confused?

Reflect the feelings as you have heard them, but include a check-out for accuracy.

What should you do when the feelings of the client are not fully understandable and seem confused? -Paraphrase and summarize what you have heard. -Reflect the feelings as you have heard them, but include a check-out for accuracy. -Ignore the feeling until you understand fully what the client is saying. -All of these

Reflect the feelings as you have heard them, but include a check-out for accuracy.

"It all leaves you anxious and scared, but at the same time very determined." Skill:___________ Stage:_______________

Reflection of feeling

____________ clients may demonstrate a mouth curved down and upper drooping eyelids or a raise of the inner brows. Their body may slump or the shoulders drop, while vocal tone may be soft and speech rate slow. Mad Sad Disgusted Scared

SAD

Self-disclosure or making self-talk relevant to the client includes all EXCEPT which of the following dimensions? -Self-disclosure is most powerful when made in the present tense. -Self-disclosure must be genuine in relation to the client. -Self-disclosure is effective in maintaining a client focus in the interview. -Self-disclosure should be timely and not interrupt the client's point of view.

Self-disclosure is effective in maintaining a client focus in the interview.

"My thoughts about your disclosure..." is an opening of an interviewer statement you would MOST LIKELY hear in which of the five dimensions of self-disclosure? -Self-reference -Share and describe your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors -Listen -Use appropriate immediacy and tense

Self-reference

Which of the following lists the four dimensions of an accurate paraphrase?

Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out

Which of the following lists the four dimensions of an accurate paraphrase? -Key words, mirroring client body language, quoting the client, and a closing -Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out -Key words, essence of the client's story, reflection of feeling, and a closing -Sentence stem, reflection of feeling, a closing, and a check-out

Sentence stem, key words, essence of what the client has said, and a check-out

Which of the following lists the four dimensions of an accurate paraphrase? -Key words, essence of the client's story, reflection of feeling, and a closing -Sentence stem, key words, the essence of what the client has said, and a check-out -Key words, mirroring client body language, quoting the client, and a closing -Sentence stem, reflection of feeling, a closing, and a check-out

Sentence stem, key words, the essence of what the client has said, and a check-out

"I also grew up in an alcoholic family and understand some of the confusion you feel..." is an interviewer statement you would MOST LIKELY hear in which of the five dimensions of self-disclosure? -Use "I" statement -Share and describe your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors -Use appropriate immediacy and tense -Listen

Share and describe your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

"My thoughts about your disclosure..." is an opening of an interviewer statement you would MOST LIKELY hear in which of the five dimensions of self-disclosure? -Listen -Self-reference -Share and describe your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors -Use appropriate immediacy and tense

Share and describe your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

"So you learned in your family that trying harder helped work things out?" By using this question, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client?

Significant others focus

So you learned in your family that trying harder helped work things out?" By using this question, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client?

Significant others focus

Which of the following types of body language may indicate openness to discussing a topic?

Sitting upright, legs somewhat open, palms up

"Puzzled about your parents?"

Skill: Encourager Stage: Story and Strengths

Which of the following is the first step in the development of an intentional wellness plan? • Summarizing wellness strengths • Contracting for action • Establishing one or two goals • Appraising areas for improvement

Summarizing wellness strengths

Awareness, knowledge, and skills are meaningless unless you act. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

Which of the following represents one of Shenk's findings regarding excellence? -Skills are nonspecific. -Practice changes your mind but not your body. -All of the above -The brain drives the brawn.

The brain drives the brawn.

What would you expect from a person at a basic level of competence? -To be able to teach the skill to someone else -To be able to perform the skills in an interview -None of these -To be able to use a skill with predictable result

To be able to perform the skills in an interview

Which word is NOT from the Greek word for pragmatism? To decide Deed Act To practice

To decide

"Do no harm to your clients; treat them responsibly with full awareness of the social context of helping" summarizes the essence of ethical codes. False True

True

2. Confrontation is relevant to all clients, but it must be worded to meet individual and cultural needs if real creativity is to occur. True False

True

A key task of counseling is to help the client restory past experiences and develop new memories and connections. True False

True

A longer-term goal of effective counseling and therapy is the development of client resilience. True False

True

According to Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett, if you combine the five interview stages with the basic listening sequence you will be able to complete a full interview using only listening skills. True False

True

According to the authors, attending behavior and listening are essential for human communication but need to be tailored according to individual and multicultural differences. True False

True

According to this book, awareness of yourself as a person of capability is the foundation for growth. False True

True

Counselors and therapists can observe and identify unspoken feelings expressed through a client's nonverbal behavior. True False

True

Feelings guide our cognitive decisions. True False

True

If you practice assessing client responses with the CCS model, eventually you will be able to make decisions automatically "on the spot" as you see how the client is responding to you. True False

True

If your client can begin from a positive base of emotion, they may be better able to cope with negative issues. True False

True

Intentionality in counseling and psychotherapy requires accurate information. True False

True

Intentionality in counseling and psychotherapy requires accurate information. a. True b. False

True

Research has shown that the human brain develops new neural connections throughout the lifespan and changes in response to new situations or experiences in the environment—a brain can rewire itself. True False

True

Solid interviewing skills are essential to become a successful counselor or therapist. True False

True

The authors believe in questions but fear overuse and the fact that they can reduce equality in the interview. True False

True

The counselor's or interviewer's task is to move clients beyond their issues and problems to realize their potential as human beings. False True

True

The counselor's or interviewer's task is to move clients beyond their issues and problems to realize their potential as human beings. True FALSE

True

The sight of a person showing intense disgust turns on the observer's brain areas associated with the feeling of disgust. True False

True

The word disorder places the problem in the client and, as a result, external causes tend to be ignored in treatment. False True

True

The word disorder places the problem in the client and, as a result, external causes tend to be ignored in treatment. True False

True

The work that clients do after the session is as valuable as or more valuable than what they do during the session. True False

True

Without attention, nothing will happen. True False

True

Stress is necessary for learning. True False

True

Which of the following is NOT a vocal qualities behavior? -Speech hesitations -Verbal changes of topic -Throat clearing -Screaming and whispering

Verbal changes of topic

In addition to the five-stage interview structure, there are additional useful strategies for decisional counseling. Which of the following is NOT a useful strategy for decisional counseling? -Balance sheet -Logical consequences -Future imaging -Verbal underlining

Verbal underlining

Empathic confrontation is: -a complex set of skills requiring observation and listening. -seeking clarification by "going against" a client's idea. -the primary skill used by interviewers to cause clients to see their errors. -a direct, harsh challenge guiding clients to face hard issues.

a complex set of skills requiring observation and listening.

The process of discernment is ____. -a more systematic approach to finding meaning and purpose -another term to describe interpretation/reframe -completely unrelated to the microskills -another term to describe reflection of meaning

a more systematic approach to finding meaning and purpose

is emphasized in person-centered counseling. Instructions: The structure of the interview has been suggested as a valuable way to view many types of interviews. Further, within each structure there are certain goals and methods. In the following questions, identify the stage of the interview as: a. Initiating the session b. Gathering data c. Mutual goal setting d. Working e. Terminating and generalizing

a. Initiating the session

Which of the following is FALSE concerning verbals? a. Selective attention occurs when we listen only to one person at a time. b. It is important to stay with the topic introduced by the client. c. It can be helpful if we learn our own patterns of selective attention. d. Most of us have certain topics that we are more interested in than others.

a. Selective attention occurs when we listen only to one person at a time.

"Last week we talked about you speaking with your partner. How did that go this week?" Which of the following statements provides the BEST reason for an interviewer to use this quote to open a client session? a. The quote leads with an open question, and focuses the session in a specific direction. b. The quote leads with an open question, which will be followed with specific closed questions to draw out more detail. c. The quote leads with an open question, and it will draw out more detail. d. The quote leads with an open question.

a. The quote leads with an open question, and focuses the session in a specific direction.

When demonstrating ______________ the interviewer is able to offer a congruent idea or frame of reference that helps the client see a new perspective. None of the above. subtractive empathy additive empathy basic empathy

additive empathy

Focusing the interview enables ____. -all of the above -increased cognitive complexity -broadened understanding through exploring different perspectives increased -ability to intentionally direct (or not direct) client talk

all of the above

Focusing the interview enables ____. -broadened understanding through exploring different perspectives -increased cognitive complexity -all of the above -increased ability to intentionally direct (or not direct) client talk

all of the above

The counselor used ____ during the interview with Travis. open questions key word encouragers all of the above reflection of meaning

all of the above

To understand how your client feels about a topic, it is usually helpful to:

all of the above

When feedback is negative, it is most effective if: -it includes an emphasis on strengths. -the person can do something about the situation -all of the above -it is delivered in a nonjudgmental tone of voice.

all of the above

Discrepancies between the client and the external world include: conflict between the client and a nurse at a hospital. conflict between the client and a challenging situation. all of the above. conflict between the client and another person.

all of the above.

Discrepancies may be observed between:

all of the above.

Discrimination and prejudice are examples of:

all of the above.

Learning attending and the other microskills involves breaking each skill to its smallest component and is similar to: -how samurai learn swordplay. -all of the above. -learning to drive a car for the first time. -becoming proficient with demanding activities: sports, dance, music.

all of the above.

A working alliance is important in the: -empathic relationship stage. -action and relapse prevention phase. -reflection of feelings step. -all of these

all of these

Client observation skills are important in paraphrasing because • all of these • repeating patterns of client language may be observed. • nonverbal patterns of behavior may change the meaning of the client's words. • examples of movement synchrony may show when you hear the client accurately.

all of these

The basic listening sequence is central to ____. -assertiveness training -brief interviewing and counseling -person-centered theory -all of these -decisional career counseling

all of these

The community genogram provides: -all of these -an opportunity for the client to present her or his family in a unique way. -an opportunity to compare the community of origin with one's present community setting. -a chance to see the client's community of origin and how it might represent the client's unique culture.

all of these

Naming: -can help client identify biased or racist actions or situations. -helps rewire brain networks in more positive ways. -is basic to work with traumatized clients. -all of these.

all of these.

Stress management is of central importance for: counseling. psychotherapy. crisis counseling. all of these.

all of these.

Working with children, it helps if: -you are a warm, talkative person. -all the above. -you use concrete language. -you avoid leading questions.

all the above.

Counseling helped Nelida:

appreciate her culture and feel "proud" of her grandparents..

Cultural differences:

are an important factor that must be considered in every counseling session.

In the five-stage counseling model, Stage 4: Restory does NOT include ____. a. generate alternatives b. confront client incongruities and conflict c. identifying the interviewer role d. help clients create new stories, thinking, and behavior

c. identifying the interviewer role

During the ____ stage of the interview a more ideal story ending might be defined. a. empathic relationship b. story and strengths c. goals d. restory

c. goals

Silence: -is central when you are working with a client whom you do not really understand as it gives them more time to think and talk. -can be frightening to the beginning helper. -needs to be avoided in some cultural contexts. -is difficult for clients, so the counselor needs to fill in the time.

can be frightening to the beginning helper.

Practice in meditation:

can help samurai forget the individual skills in order to master them

If your first effort is not successful, ________. -repeat your last statement -ask the client if he or she heard your statement -All of these -change your approach to the client on the spot

change your approach to the client on the spot

A counselor is most likely looking for ________ and ________ when he or she suggests to the client that creating a community genogram may be helpful. -"free-form" client activity; client creativity -client developmental history; to identify client strengths -community of origin; present community -detailed client strengths; detailed client issues

client developmental history; to identify client strengths

Reflecting meaning involves ________, while the interpretation/reframe implies ________. -client direction; interviewer direction -interviewer direction; client direction -client topics; interviewer topics -interviewer topics; client topics

client direction; interviewer direction

Microskills are: -hidden codes of communication. -communication skills units. -persuasive communication strategies. -comprehensive intervention skills.

communication skills units.

A major assumption in ________ is that clients have their own solutions readily available if we help them examine themselves and their goals. -crisis counseling -cognitive behavioral theory (CBT) -person-centered theory -psychoanalysis

crisis counseling

The community genogram is particularly helpful for us in understanding:

cultural, environmental, and contextual issues.

The community genogram is particularly helpful for us in understanding: -the client's family contextual issues. -cultural, environmental, and contextual issues. -the family. -the client.

cultural, environmental, and contextual issues.

Feminist counseling is more likely than traditional counseling to focus on ____. -the individual -cultural/environmental context (CEC) -the family -others and their sexism or racism

cultural/environmental context (CEC)

Sounds as if you're confused and puzzled about your difficulty with your parents." Skill______ Stage_____ Skill Stage/Dimension a. Open question 1. Empathic relationship b. Encourager 2. Story and strengths c. Paraphrase 3. Goals d. Reflection of feeling 4.Restory 5. Action

d. Reflection of feeling 4. Restory

If you use an encourager correctly, you may anticipate that the client will ____. a. stop talking about the topic and move on to something more important b. elaborate on the topic that has been encouraged c. indicate that he or she appreciates what you are doing d. accurately paraphrase what you have said back to you

elaborate on the topic that has been encouraged

24. "On the one hand..., and on the other hand..." This is typically used in _________. -reframing -psychoeducation -interpretation -empathic confrontation

empathic confrontation

Silence, minimum verbal utterances, and head nods are effective ways of: -summarizing. -encouraging. -paraphrasing. -reflecting feeling.

encouraging.

The interview with Kyle Yellowhorse demonstrated that ____. -exploration of positive assets can be useful -establishing trust among diverse individuals is not an issue -self-disclosure and story-sharing can be helpful -multicultural differences may lead to a slow start

establishing trust among diverse individuals is not an issue

Multicultural competence helps professionals specialize and become proficient in single culture counseling and therapy. True False

false

Memories studied via brain scans reveal:

false memories activate different parts of the brain from true memories.

Memories studied via brain scans reveal: -memories that are true can be identified clearly. -false memories activate different parts of the brain from true memories. -memories that are false can be identified clearly. -no distinction between false and true memories.

false memories activate different parts of the brain from true memories.

If you use summarizing correctly, you may anticipate that the client will ____. -stop talking and jump to another story -give more detail without repeating exactly the same story -thank you and move on to a different topic -feel heard and learn how parts of important stories are integrated

feel heard and learn how parts of important stories are integrated

With some clients, the brief acknowledgment of ____ may be more appropriate. A. feeling B. paraphrase C. summary D. encouragement

feeling

Aspirational ethics:

focuses on doing what is in the best interest of the client

"Joe got angry with me because the dinner was a little cold, and he knocked the dishes off the table."

for abstract/formal operational thought

The microskills hierarchy: -demonstrates that alternative settings require different counseling skills. -describes interview skills in order of importance. -demonstrates clearly that different clients have different needs. -forms the foundation of intentional interviewing.

forms the foundation of intentional interviewing.

Much of even your best helping work will be ineffective, if you fail to ____. -detail insufficient alternatives -generalize and transfer learning -properly assess positive and negative consequences -identify the client's root issues

generalize and transfer learning

When you use open questions effectively as an interviewer, you can predict the client will: • often become very defensive. • give more details and talk more. • pay more attention to interviewer instructions. • express more emotional release.

give more details and talk more.

Your warmth may be described as the __________ that holds empathy and the possibility of positive change together.

glue

Intentional interviewing is concerned with: -being able to explain why you made that particular choice. -finding the single best response for each client statement. -the counselor knowing one theory exceptionally well. -having many alternative responses available to any client statement.

having many alternative responses available to any client statement.

Paraphrasing is concerned with feeding back the key points of what a client has said. Reflection of feeling, in contrast, involves: -naming emotions. -repeating emotions back to the client. -observing emotions. -helping clients become more affective.

helping clients become more affective.

The community genogram is used to help clients understand how their ________ might affect their current feelings and thoughts.

history

13. The first step in confrontation is:

identifying a contradiction or discrepancy.

Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills: The Five-Stage Model for Structuring the Session -drawing out stories, concerns, and issues -defining the problem -identifying the interviewer role -identifying client strengths

identifying the interviewer role

Attending behavior on the part of the helping professional ____. • is attending to client needs as they arise in the session • is encouraging client talk and reducing interviewer talk • is making sure the client is comfortable before the session begins • is noting accurate details in the report following the session

is encouraging client talk and reducing interviewer talk

Crisis counseling: -does not emphasize relationship. -should be reserved for mental health clinics that require quick action and accountability. -all of these -is the most pragmatic and action-oriented form of helping.

is the most pragmatic and action-oriented form of helping.

A proficient demonstration of active listening requires the interviewer to __________. -all of these. -listen intently and convey his/her approval and support of the client's topic. -listen intently, with a nonjudgmental attitude, and clarify what clients have to say. -listen intently and evaluate client responses to determine appropriate treatment.

listen intently, with a nonjudgmental attitude, and clarify what clients have to say.

"If I am promoted, I can be confident that my coworkers won't think it was because of my gender." This is an example of: -White privilege. -socioeconomic privilege. -female privilege. -male privilege.

male privilege.

The microskills can best be taught to: -hospitalized inpatients during the early stages of treatment. -high school peer counselors. -volunteers in the community. -many client and volunteer populations.

many client and volunteer populations.

Spiritual issues in interviewing, counseling, and therapy are often rooted in ____. behaviors thoughts feelings meanings

meanings

"I have enough financial reserves that I can handle a major car problem without a large financial crisis." This is an example of: -heterosexual privilege. -middle-class privilege. -male privilege. -White privilege.

middle-class privilege.

Dr. Zalaquett, demonstrating cognitive-behavioral counseling, emphasizes that: -meditation is clearly the best stress reducer. -automatic thoughts can improve emotional satisfaction. -through concentration, we can improve neural connections. -modifying negative thoughts will affect action

modifying negative thoughts will affect action

Dr. Zalaquett, demonstrating cognitive-behavioral counseling, emphasizes that: -meditation is clearly the best stress reducer. -modifying negative thoughts will affect action. -through concentration, we can improve neural connections. -automatic thoughts can improve emotional satisfaction.

modifying negative thoughts will affect action.

A good communication connection between the client and interviewer can be observed through harmonious, but nonidentical movements. These movements are known as ____. -movement complementarity -movement dissynchrony -movement synchrony -none of these types of movement

movement complementarity

The term ____ is used to describe people mirroring each other's body language.

movement synchrony

When the client and the interviewer are communicating well, they "mirror" each other's body language. This is known as ____. A. movement dissynchrony B. movement synchrony C. movement complementarity D. none of these types of movement

movement synchrony

Gender, sexual orientation, age, geographic location, physical ability, religion/spirituality, and socioeconomic status:

must be included with race and ethnicity as multicultural factors.

Feelings are so important in the counseling process that you should: -none of these -reflect every feeling you observe as it comes along -only reflect those feelings that are directly apparent -avoid reflecting discrepant feelings

none of these

When you use observation skills competently as an interviewer, you can predict the client will

often demonstrate movement symmetry or complementarity

According to the authors, the positive asset search is: -possibly too positive, and clients may not face up to their real issues. -an example of topic jumping. -oriented to bringing out client strengths, which they can then use to solve current issues. -a strategy to avoid difficult issues.

oriented to bringing out client strengths, which they can then use to solve current issues.

When the counselor intentionally uses a(n)_________________, he or she can expect the client will feel heard. They will tend to go on further and not repeat the same story again. -reflection of feeling -confrontation -paraphrase -encourager/restatement

paraphrase

"Looks like you're saying you want to set up a situation where you can anticipate what your parents will do when you tell them that you plan to quit school." Skill:__________ Stage:_____________ Instructions: The five stages of a simple structure for the interview are listed below. Following are counselor comments. Identify the skill used by the counselor in terms of the five skills listed and also list the stage/dimension of the interview most likely represented.

paraphrase, goals

A reflection of meaning looks very much like a(n) ________ and ________ beyond what the client has to say. -question; discerns -encourager; moves -paraphrase; focuses -summary; looks

paraphrase; focuses

Client: There's this group of girls who make fun of me and call me names, and I feel sad. They keep making fun of my shoes, just 'cause I don't have name-brand shoes. I try to ignore them, but still the feeling inside me just hurts. Counselor: Demaris, it sounds like it hurts when they make fun of your shoes This response can be classified as _______. • paraphrasing noting emotions • restating noting emotions • encouraging noting emotions • summarizing noting emotions

paraphrasing noting emotions

If anything, informed consent when working with children is ___________. -a concern to parents. -perhaps even more important than with adults. -not an issue when you work in a well-organizaed school system. -all of these.

perhaps even more important than with adults.

A number of regions of the ________ are activated by attentional task preparation and execution. A. limbic system B. right intuitive brain C. prefrontal cortex D. limbic system and the right intuitive brain

prefrontal cortex

When a client is depressed, you can expect less brain activity in the: -limbic system. -right brain and amygdala. -hippocampus -prefrontal cortex.

prefrontal cortex.

All are true of Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) except that they: -are strategies to promote mental and physical health. -bring together neuroscience, medicine, and counseling. -originated through early preventive work with heart attack. -promote Type A behavior.

promote Type A behavior.

Informed consent refers to:

providing clients with clear and adequate information about what is happening in the interview and informing them about your own competence.

Some interviewers may use questions to lead the client and sell their own points of view. This is known as ________. -asset questioning -bombardment/grilling -excessive questioning -questions as statements

questions as statements

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about questions?

questions may not be an easy "fix"

The basic listening sequence consists of which skills? -verbal underlining, attending behavior, and influencing skills -open questions, closed question disclose, attending behavior, and check-out -attending behavior, listening skills, and self-disclosure -questions, encouragers, paraphrases, reflection of feeling, and summarizations

questions, encouragers, paraphrases, reflection of feeling, and summarizations

Nonverbal indications of a client who is deeply emotional may most often include: -relaxed body posture concealing deeper feelings. -All of these -focusing on a single topic to the exclusion of all others. -rapid breathing, speech hesitations, and facial flushing.

rapid breathing, speech hesitations, and facial flushing.

Proficient counselors ________________________. -recognize that, while essential, there are potential problems associated with questioning clients -know that questions are absolutely required to complete an effective client session -never use questions during client sessions -always use questions more than any other skill during client sessions

recognize that, while essential, there are potential problems associated with questioning clients

Through _________, we can sometimes stop clients from talking about nonproductive topics. -threats and criticism -redirecting attention -verbal underlining -selective attention

redirecting attention

Cumulative stress is:

repeated and repeating "minor" insults and stressors received by a client.

The Stress Management and TLCs skills and strategies almost always belong in the _______________________ phases of the session. story and strength and goals restorying and action empathic relationship and story goals and restorying

restorying and action

The following primary emotions, in terms of facial expression and language, have been validated throughout the world in all cultures. These primary emotions are ________. -surprised, disgusted, caring, guilt, obstinate, and contempt -mad, annoyed, angry, contempt, surprised, and furious -happy, joyous, excited, nervous, contempt, and surprised -sad, mad, glad, surprised, disgust, and scared

sad, mad, glad, surprised, disgust, and scared

A positive asset search can be performed through questioning. The asset search enables clients to ________. -search for times when their problem does not occur and find positive strengths through their family and cultural context -search for times when their problem does not occur -ignore really difficult problems -find positive strengths through their family and cultural context

search for times when their problem does not occur and find positive strengths through their family and cultural context

A positive asset search can be performed through questioning. The asset search enables clients to ________. -find positive strengths through their family and cultural context -search for times when their problem does not occur -search for times when their problem does not occur and find positive strengths through their family and cultural context -ignore really difficult problems

search for times when their problem does not occur and find positive strengths through their family and cultural context

It is important for the counselor to be aware of his/her own patterns of: • client topic jumps. • selective attention. • verbal underlining. • pupil dilation.

selective attention.

When you use skillful attending skills as an interviewer, you can predict the client will ____. a. think more carefully about what they are sharing b. pay more attention to interviewer instructions c. express more emotional release d. share a more complete story with fewer topic jumps

share a more complete story with fewer topic jumps

I am doing well on this examination," said by a European American or European Canadian, middle-class student with eyes downcast. This shows a discrepancy between ____. -the client and a situation -two verbal statements -statements and nonverbal behavior -what one says and what one reasons

statements and nonverbal behavior

Clients come to therapy feeling that they are: -focusing on their strengths. -stuck. -relaxed. -functioning well.

stuck.

According to the authors, an important goal of interviewing is to move clients from

stuckness to intentionality.

interviewer responses that give back less or distort what the client has said demonstrate____________. -basic empathy -additive empathy -none of these choices -subtractive empathy

subtractive empathy

Client: There's this group of girls who make fun of me and call me names, and I feel sad. They keep making fun of my shoes, just 'cause I don't have name-brand shoes. I try to ignore them, but still the feeling inside me just hurts. Counselor: You are having trouble at school. Some girls call you names, make fun of your shoes, and it feels hurtful inside. This response can be classified as _______. summarizing restating encouraging paraphrasing

summarizing

When the interviewer opens a session, "Let's see, last time we discussed...," he/she is most likely ____. • restating • paraphrasing • encouraging • summarizing

summarizing

25. A nonjudgmental attitude requires that you: -suspend your own opinions and attitudes. -stop your listening skills and let client speak. -assert your opinions with a positive attitude. -all of these

suspend your own opinions and attitudes.

Cognitive behavioral therapy stresses: -resolving issues around practical life issues and problems. -how a client understands self and makes meaning of life. -that distorted cognitions can be recorded, monitored, and changed. -client assets and resources to resolve issues.

that distorted cognitions can be recorded, monitored, and changed.

Paraphrasing and summarizing communicate to clients ________. -that they have been listened to. -that it is time for the session to end. -that the interviewer is skilled. -that what the interviewer says is important during the helping session.

that they have been listened to.

"Unemployment just reached 11%. It's not my fault if I don't have a job." This statement shows a discrepancy between ____. -statements and nonverbal behavior -the client and a situation -two verbal statements -what one says and what one does

the client and a situation

"I deserve to pass this course even though I haven't done the homework." This shows a discrepancy between ___________. what one says and what one does. the client and a situation. two verbal statements. nonverbal behaviors.

the client and a situation.

Reflection of meaning and exploration will likely lead to ____. -increase in neurons and neural connections in the specific place in the brain where we find morality and spirituality -none of the above -an increased awareness of the importance of meditation -the development of new neural connections in the brain

the development of new neural connections in the brain

The HPA system does NOT include: the hypothalamus. the adrenal glands. the thorax. the pituitary gland.

the thorax.

An important part of cognitive behavioral therapy that is considered essential is ____. -encouraging self-healing -the use of homework -finding the real self the person wishes to develop -recording automatic thoughts

the use of homework

If you help your clients find a "why" through exploration of meaning, ____. -the "how" will often be discovered by the following session -finding the "how" is automatic -they will often find their own "how" or way to achieve their objectives -they will be open to the "how" directed by the interviewer

they will often find their own "how" or way to achieve their objectives

Counseling children requires ______________. -using more concrete language -summarizing constantly what the child is saying -more extensive use of questions than with adults -avoiding the repetition of paraphrasing

using more concrete language

Clients and interviewers highlight important issues in their statements through:

verbal underlining, volume and emphasis on key words or phrases.

Clients and interviewers highlight important issues in their statements through: -verbal underlining, volume, and emphasis on key words or phrases. -verbal underlining, keeping to the same topic, and higher pitch. -verbal underlining, topic jumps, and softer vocal tone. -written instructions.

verbal underlining, volume, and emphasis on key words or phrases.

Observation is: -focusing only on your client's speech in the interview. -secondary to attending and questioning skills. -vital to establishing a helping relationship. -less important when you videotape interview sessions.

vital to establishing a helping relationship.

Observation is: -less important when you videotape interview sessions. -secondary to attending and questioning skills. -focusing only on your client's speech in the interview. -vital to establishing a helping relationship.

vital to establishing a helping relationship.

Which question opener will be MOST useful for bringing out client reasoning? Could How Why Could

why

Your client says, "I agree with you, but will not do what you suggested." This shows a discrepancy between:

you and the client.

According to Ivey, consciousness represents the psychological present. What is the typical length of the psychological present?

100 to 750 milliseconds

When the interviewer links to an earlier client comment, introduces a new frame of reference, or initiates the positive asset search, these are components of: A. empathy. B. basic empathy. C. subtractive empathy. D. additive empathy.

D. additive empathy.

Which of these is NOT true of effective attending behavior?

Is illustrated by frequent use of the self-focus

Which of the following contextual factors may lead to clients' low self-worth and self-esteem?

Oppression and racism

Intentionality in counseling and psychotherapy requires accurate information. True False

True

"I've been able to survive AIDS now for three years and my friends have been the thing that have kept me going. Being with them and their support and smiles has been the most important thing in the world for me." Which of the following focuses most on meaning? -"Sounds like you have many friends who have been truly helpful." -"Friends make all the difference." -"It's been hard, but you have been able to make it." -"Being with friends and having their support has been the most important thing for you over these past three years."

"Being with friends and having their support has been the most important thing for you over these past three years."

Which question is most likely to bring out underlying client meaning issues? "Could you tell me more?" "Could you explore that in more detail?" "Could you share some specifics of what occurred?" "Could you share what sense you make of it?"

"Could you share what sense you make of it?"

Which of the following statements represent a concrete client statement?

"I went to a movie last night. We walked in, and I saw my friend Jim. Then we bought popcorn and we sat down."

Which of the following leads is most characteristic and distinctive of crisis counseling? "Tell more..." "What would help you right now?" "Sounds like your problem is getting worse." "What are your behavioral goals for change?"

"What would help you right now?"

Which question would most effectively probe for meaning? "Does it really matter?" "How could it be that way?" "Why is that important for you?" "Why do you do that?"

"Why is that important for you?"

The skill of logical consequences is most closely associated with which of the following schools of therapy? Gestalt, Logotherapy Adlerian, decisional Rogerian, person-centered Psychoanalytic, cognitive behavioral

Adlerian, decisional

For which of the following theories of counseling and psychotherapy is logical consequences an appropriate strategy? -Cognitive behavioral therapy -Decisional counseling -All of these -Brief counseling

All of these

Which of the following can be used to identify personal and multicultural strengths? -Focus on one single dimension of the community. -All of these -Develop two positive stories from groups within the community. -Post the community genogram on the wall.

All of these

Which of the following is a valid element of observation skills?

All of these

Which of the following may NOT help clients slow down and regain control of their emotions? Join clients where they are You Answered Gestalt exercises Pace clients appropriately All of these

All of these

Which of the following strategies are key to protecting our physical and mental health? All of these Stress management TLCs Psychoeducation

All of these

Why is counseling considered to be an art? -Counselors' experience in the world is key for helping. -All of these -Counselors tailor their knowledge and experience to the uniqueness of each client. -Counselors constantly draw from their knowledge base for ways to help clients grow.

All of these

____ focuses on raising personality consciousness of how the individual develops in a cultural/environmental context. Multicultural counseling and feminist therapy Person-centered counseling Decisional counseling All of these

All of these

The above brain information is: A. such that it leads to proof of past research. B. an interesting research finding that currently has little practical use for daily practice. C. very valuable to the practicing counselor so that challenges to false ideas can be addressed. D. such that it leads interviewers to challenge past research.

B. an interesting research finding that currently has little practical use for daily practice.

The basic listening sequence consists of which skills? A. attending behavior, listening skills, and self-disclosure B. questions, encouragers, paraphrases, reflection of feeling, and summarizations C. verbal underlining, attending behavior, and influencing skills D. open questions, closed questions, attending behavior, and check-out

B. questions, encouragers, paraphrases, reflection of feeling, and summarizations

The first task in eliciting and reflecting feelings is to _________ key emotional words expressed by the client. A. reflect B. confront C. paraphrase D. recognize

D. recognize

____________ clients may demonstrate a wrinkled nose and raised and pursed upper lip. Disgusted Sad Scared Mad

Disgusted

"What significant life events have shaped your beliefs about life?" In which of the following constructs does this interviewer response BEST fit? Eliciting meaning Reflection of meaning Paraphrase Reflection of feeling

Eliciting meaning

Which of the following is not used in reflection of feeling? -Identifying key emotions -Affective empathy -Searching for positive feelings -Correct Answer -Emphasizing cognitive content

Emphasizing cognitive content

Which of the following is NOT a positive effect of stress? Enlargement of amygdala Frontal cortex strengthened Healthier life Neurogenesis

Enlargement of amygdala

Which of the following regarding exercise is NOT supported by research? -Exercise enhances mood. -About 25% of the U.S. population gets no exercise at all. -Exercise is useful in the treatment of depression. -Exercise does not benefit people with cancer or multiple sclerosis.

Exercise does not benefit people with cancer or multiple sclerosis.

"Given all the things we've talked about so far, what would you like to have happen in class with Professor Doe?" This is most likely what stage of the interview? Goals - Mutual goal setting Story and strengths - Gathering data Restory - Working Empathic relationship - Initiating the session

Goals - Mutual goal setting

Which question stem is often oriented to bringing out feelings and/or client processes? -Why -Could -How -What

How

Which question stem is often oriented to bringing out feelings and/or client processes? Could What Why How

How

Which of the following is NOT a suggested step for implementing the logical consequences skill? Draw out story and strengths Generate alternatives Identify positive and negative consequences Interpret and reframe

Interpret and reframe

____ is useful for obtaining information about a client. Psychiatry Psychotherapy Counseling Interviewing

Interviewing

Who introduced the attending behavior concepts to the helping field? Freud et al. Ivey et al. Rogers et al. Skinner et al.

Ivey et al.

The counselor responds to Dominic with, "I heard you saying that things are great, but how do you really feel about doing 'women's work'?" How would you rate this confrontation on empathy? -Level 4, somewhat additive -Level 2, somewhat subtractive -Level 3, interchangeable -Level 1, subtractive

Level 1, subtractive

Which one of the following statements is NOT true of mutuality focus?

Mutuality is not a legitimate focus area.

Which word is NOT interchangeable with all the others?

Observation

Which of the following contextual factors may lead to clients' low self-worth and self-esteem? All of the above Oppression and racism Cognitive distortions and negative schemas Self-talk and internal dialogue

Oppression and racism

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the brain?

Over time the brain loses the power to change itself on the basis of experience.

Which of the following is NOT one of the major issues around questions discussed in the book?

Questions promote trust in cross-cultural situations.

Client: "There's this group of girls who make fun of me and call me names, and I feel sad. They keep making fun of my shoes, just 'cause I don't have name-brand shoes. I try to ignore them, but still the feeling inside me just hurts." Counselor: "They keep making fun of your shoes?" Classify this response. Summarizing Restating Encouraging Paraphrasing

Restating

identified the characteristics that make an ideal relationship and working alliance.

Rogers

____________ clients may demonstrate a general tension and increased breathing rate, averted eyes or raised eyebrows, furrowed brow, biting the lips, crossed arms, or anxious playing with fingers. Sad Mad Disgusted Scared

Scared

"Robert, describe an ideal solution." Identify the stage from the five-stage counseling model where an interviewer would most likely use this statement. Stage 3: this statement. Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiate the session Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gather data Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting Stage 4: Restory - Working Stage 5: Action - Terminating

Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gather data

"What has worked for you before?" Identify the stage from the five-stage counseling model where an interviewer would most likely use this question. Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gathering data Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiating the Session Stage 4: Restory - Working Stage 5: Action - Terminating

Stage 4: Restory - Working

Which one of the following statements regarding the Microskills Hierarchy is NOT true? a. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills Hierarchy represent a systematic breakdown of the key skills required for intentional interviewing. b. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills Hierarchy provide fairly consistent predictions of client responses when the interviewer accurately executes a specific skill. c. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills Hierarchy provide flexibility for the interviewer when the unexpected occurs. d. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills Hierarchy, with experience, become automatic and allow an interviewer to always predict client responses when the interviewer accurately executes a specific skill.

The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills Hierarchy, with experience, become automatic and allow an interviewer to always predict client responses when the interviewer accurately executes a specific skill.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the microskills?

The microskills offer interviewers some predictability during a client session.

Empathy can be rated as: additive. all of the these subtractive. interchangeable.

all of the these

When a client feels anger, the ________ energizes the limbic HPA axis, and hormones lead to a faster heartbeat, higher blood pressure, breathing changes, and muscular tension. a. TAP b. amygdala c. pituitary gland d. All of these

amygdala

Intentionality is: -applying similar skills to help clients from different ethnic groups or cultures. -choosing from a range of alternative actions to help different clients. -using a preselected point of view to understand clients' problems. -having a preferred action or thought to offer to all clients.

choosing from a range of alternative actions to help different clients.

In a session, the microskills may have:

different effects on people from varying cultural backgrounds.

The interview with Kyle Yellowhorse demonstrated that ____.

establishing trust among diverse individuals is not an issue

With some clients, the brief acknowledgment of ____ may be more appropriate. encouragement paraphrase feeling summary

feeling

Client: I just found that I'm pregnant. I don't know who it was, but I have an idea who it is most likely to be. But no one is likely to help. My family doesn't know yet, and they really deserted me last time I got in trouble. I've only talked to them a few times, and we are starting to get along again, but now... I wonder what's going to happen. I just feel lost. Counselor response: "You must feel lost." This is an encourager with a ____. A. focus on the client B. focus on others C. focus on the main theme or problem D. focus on family

focus on the client

During the ____ stage of the interview clients will discuss directions that he or she might want to go, new ways of thinking, desired feeling states, and behaviors that might be changed. story and strengths restory empathic relationship action goals

goals

The first step in confrontation is: · establishing rapport. · confronting the client. · identifying a contradiction or discrepancy. · asking the client why he or she did it.

identifying a contradiction or discrepancy.

Individuals do not make meaning by themselves; they make meaning: -in spite of a multitude of problems and issues. -in a broader multicultural context. -with the aid of a skilled counselor or interviewer. -with the aid of a significant other

in a broader multicultural context.

According to the authors, the most effective self-disclosures, generally, are: -in the present tense. -in the past tense. -in the future tense. -intense.

in the present tense.

Stressful events can: A. leave a relaxed sensation. B. leave a trail of happy emotions. C. All of these D. leave a marked imprint on your brain.

leave a marked imprint on your brain.

"I am not taught to fear walking alone after dark in average public places." This is an example of: male privilege. middle-class privilege. heterosexual privilege. White privilege.

male privilege.

"I have enough financial reserves that I can handle a major car problem without a large financial crisis." This is an example of: heterosexual privilege. middle-class privilege. White privilege. male privilege.

middle-class privilege.

The checkout is also called a: -language check. -reality check. -sensation check. -perception check.

perception check.

The idea of _____________ suggests that our family and community history and experiences live within each of us. being-in-relationship member of society citizen of a country person-in-community

person-in-community

According to Schwartz and Begley (2003), the brain's neuroplasticity allows it to:

rewire itself.

A nonjudgmental attitude requires that you:

suspend your own opinions and attitudes.

If your client starts with you at denial or partial acceptance (Level 1 or 2) and then moves with your help to acceptance and generating new solutions (Level 3 or 4), you have clear evidence of: · the capacity of your client to achieve progress without your help. · the strong need for leadership and direction your client has. · the powerful impact of the environment on our clients. · the effectiveness of your therapy process.

the effectiveness of your therapy process.

When beginning a new interview/counseling relationship, the focus is usually on:

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