Biology Final
If a man has the genotype Aa, which of the following represents a normal gamete with a dominant allele? a) A b) AA c) Aa d) a e) aa
a) A
The immediate source of energy that powers an individual cell reaction is a) ATP b) carbohydrate c) DNA d) lipid e) protein
a) ATP
The semicircular canals in the inner ear contain the sense organs for a) balance b) hearing c) pain d) pressure e) touch
a) balance
The development of secondary sexual characteristics in females is the result of which hormone? a) estrogen b) follicle stimulating hormone c) luteinizing hormone d) oxytocin e) prolactin
a) estrogen
Which sexually transmitted disease causes most genital cancers? a) genital herpes b) genital warts c) gonorrhea d) HIV e) syphilis
b) genital warts
Which of the following is considered a normal sperm count in men? a) 40-300 sperm/ml b) 40-300 thousand sperm/ml c) 40-300 million sperm/ml d) 40-300 trillion sperm/ml
c) 40-300 million sperm/ml
The type of taste called umami allows us to enjoy what type of flavor? a) bitter b) salty c) savory d) sour e) sweet
c) savory
Non-heritable disorders can be caused by a) disease b) drugs c) heavy metals d) all of the above can cause non-heritable disorders
d) all of the above can cause non-heritable disorders
In a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a heterozygous parent, what is the ratio of offspring that will exhibit the recessive phenotype? a) 0 b) 1/4 c) 12 d) 3/4 e) 1
a) 0
How many homologous pairs of chromosomes does a human have? a) 23 b) 25 c) 46 d) 50 e) 90
a) 23
Mike has color vision (he's not colorblind), but his wife Carol is completely blind due to an auto accident early in her life. Their first born is a colorblind boy (an X-linked recessive trait). We can be sure that a) Carol carries at least one allele for colorblindness b) if Carol could see, she would be colorblind c) Mike is heterozygous for color vision d) their next boy will not be colorblind e) the probability that a daughter will be colorblind is 100%
a) Carol carries at least one allele for colorblindness
Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods can cause a) a rapid increase in blood glucose levels b) a sudden drop in blood glucose levels c) fatty acids to build up d) HDL levels to decrease e) LDL levels to increase
a) a rapid increase in blood glucose levels
Which of the following is not a nitrogenous waste product? a) acetylcholine b) ammonia c) creatinine d) urea e) uric acid
a) acetylcholine
Sometimes the sphincter at the bottom of the esophagus leading to the top of the stomach malfunctions. When that happens, a) acid reflux can result b) food can more easily go down the wrong tube (i.e., go down the trachea) c) gallstones in the gallbladder can result d) less bile is released by the liver e) more water is lost through the small intestine
a) acid reflux can result
Different forms of a gene are called a) alleles b) genotypes c) homozygous d) loci e) phenotypes
a) alleles
"There is a difference in the number of bacteria living around wet areas when compared to dry areas." Which type of hypothesis best represents the above statement? a) alternative b) null
a) alternative
The site of gas exchange in the lungs is the a) alveoli b) arterioles c) bronchi d) bronchioles e) venules
a) alveoli
In antibody-mediated immunity, where does the antigen first bind? On a(n) a) antigen receptor on a B cell b) antigen receptor on a T cell c) histamine molecule d) memory D cell e) phagocytic cell
a) antigen receptor on a B cell
Hydrogen bonds a) are relatively weak, with individual bonds being broken rather easily b) involve the gain of neutrons c) involve the loss of neutrons d) result when carbohydrates are formed
a) are relatively weak, with individual bonds being broken rather easily
Anabolic steroids a) are synthetic chemicals similar to testosterone b) are naturally produced by both genders c) are peptide hormones
a) are synthetic chemicals similar to testosterone
What substance emulsifies fats in the small intestine? a) bile b) lactase c) pepsin d) salivary amylase
a) bile
Which of the following is not a process of urine formation that occurs in the nephron? a) bladder storage b) glomerular filtration c) tubular reabsorption d) tubular secretion
a) bladder storage
Implantation in the uterine lining occurs at what stage of embryological development? a) blastula b) gastrula c) morula d) zygote e) implantation can occur during any of the above stages
a) blastula
The phenotype of a polygenic trait is influenced by a) both genes and the environment b) genes only c) the environment only d) neither genes nor the environment
a) both genes and the environment
The four major elements that are the basic building blocks to life are a) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen b) carbon, potassium, sodium, calcium c) nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, carbon d) oxygen, silicon, carbon, nitrogen
a) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
does not depend on the nervous system for contraction a) cardiac muscle b) skeletal muscle c) smooth muscle
a) cardiac muscle
The cerebrum portion of the brain a) carries out higher thought processes b) contains the hypothalamus and pituitary c) controls the vital functions of the body such as regulating the heart rate and blood pressure d) helps to maintain posture and balance e) maintains homeostasis by regulating hunger and thirst
a) carries out higher thought processes
Arteries always a) carry blood away from the heart b) carry blood to the heart c) contain atria and ventricles d) contain deoxygenated blood e) contain oxygenated blood
a) carry blood away from the heart
Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases can be treated with antibiotics? a) chlamydia b) genital herpes c) genital warts d) HIV e) all of the above can be treated with antibiotics
a) chlamydia
If a woman who is a carrier for colorblindness (an X-linked recessive trait) has children with a man who has color vision (he's not colorblind), which of the following children are not possible? a) colorblind daughter b) colorblind son c) daughter with color vision d) son with color vision
a) colorblind daughter
Which of the following is not a polygenic trait? a) colorblindness b) height c) skin color d) weight e) none of the above are polygenic traits
a) colorblindness
The most diverse of all tissues in terms of form (what it looks like) and function (what it does) is a) connective tissue b) epithelial tissue c) nervous tissue d) skeletal muscle tissue
a) connective tissue
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism? a) contractions during childbirth b) having a blood pH of 7.4 c) having a body temperature of 37°C d) maintaining proper blood sugar concentrations
a) contractions during childbirth
Movement of organelles and of the cell itself is facilitated by which organelle? a) cytoskeleton b) endoplasmic reticulum c) Golgi apparatus d) mitochondrion e) nucleus
a) cytoskeleton
A single gene controls the ability to taste phenylthiourea (PTC). The ability to taste is dominant to the inability to taste. If you can taste PTC (which is very bitter), which of the following genotypes are you? a) either PP or Pp b) either PP or pp c) only PP d) only Pp e) only pp
a) either PP or Pp
A resting neuron is non-polarized. a) false b) true
a) false
A tubal ligation consists of cutting and sealing the uterus so that a fertilized egg can't implant. a) false b) true
a) false
A vasectomy prevents the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. a) false b) true
a) false
Better conclusions arise from an experiment when sample sizes are small. a) false b) true
a) false
The four cell stage of development is twice the size of the two cell stage of development. a) false b) true
a) false
The most common macronutrient used for an immediate energy boost is protein. a) false b) true
a) false
Water soluble vitamins are those that can be stored in the body's fat tissues. a) false b) true
a) false
Which type of muscle is characterized by a relatively low blood supply, few mitochondria, and few myoglobin molecules? a) fast twitch b) slow twitch
a) fast twitch
Which of the following are not found in the testes? a) follicles b) interstitial cells c) seminiferous tubules d) sperm e) testosterone
a) follicles
A triglyceride contains a) glycerol and three fatty acids b) glycerol and one fatty acid c) three amino acids and glucose d) three glucose molecules and a nucleic acid
a) glycerol and three fatty acids
The spiral organ helps us to a) hear b) see c) smell d) taste e) touch
a) hear
Which of the following is part of both the nervous system (since it secretes neurotransmitters) and the endocrine system (since it secretes hormones)? a) hypothalamus b) ovaries c) pituitary d) testes e) thyroid
a) hypothalamus
Hormonal methods of birth control work by a) inhibiting ovulation b) killing sperm in the female reproductive tract c) preventing implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterine lining d) promoting shorter and more frequent menstrual cycles
a) inhibiting ovulation
During what stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes replicate? During a) interphase b) meiosis c) mitosis
a) interphase
Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ? a) liver b) red bone marrow c) spleen d) thymus e) tonsil
a) liver
Why do we see trisomy conditions in only a few chromosomes (e.g. trisomy 21 and the sex chromosomes)? Because a) most trisomy conditions cause such drastic effects that the embryo dies b) scientists have not looked for the others c) there is no way to tell human chromosomes apart, except for number 21 and the sex chromosomes d) trisomy cannot occur except in chromosome number 21 and the sex chromosome e) trisomy of the other kinds cause no problems
a) most trisomy conditions cause such drastic effects that the embryo dies
Jessica is interested in a new vitamin pill her friend recommended. Her friend told her that it really helped her. Should Jessica accept this type of evidence as scientifically based? a) no b) yes
a) no
How many sperm normally penetrate the egg membrane? a) one b) two c) dozens d) millions
a) one
Ribosomes are attached to which endoplasmic reticulum? a) rough b) smooth
a) rough
A straight hairline is recessive. If two parents with a widow's peak have a child with a straight hairline, then what is the probability that their next child will have a straight hairline? a) 0 b) 1/4 c) 1/2 d) 3/4 e) 1
b) 1/4
How many germ layers are found in a developing embryo? a) 1 b) 3 c) 7 d) 11 e) none of the first four - embryos lack germ layers
b) 3
The tentative explanation to be tested is called a) a hunch b) a hypothesis c) a theory d) the conclusion e) the data
b) a hypothesis
Which two proteins are responsible for muscle contraction? a) acetylcholine and hemoglobin b) actin and myosin c) myoglobin and hemoglobin d) myoglobin and melatonin e) myosin and creatinine
b) actin and myosin
Starch and glycogen are alike in that they both a) are a good source of fatty acids b) are made of monosaccharide monomers c) are the end result of fermentation d) form polypeptide chains
b) are made of monosaccharide monomers
If melanin-producing cells were absent, skin would a) be too thin b) be unable to darken c) lack muscles d) lack nerves e) not be waterproof
b) be unable to darken
Which of the following is considered a major mineral (>100 mg/day) for the body? a) protein b) calcium c) copper d) vitamin A e) vitamin C
b) calcium
Which of the following blood vessels are the only ones small, thin, and porous enough to exchange nutrients and gases with the surrounding cells and tissues? a) arteries b) capillaries c) veins
b) capillaries
Which of the following blood vessels have the thickest walls? a)arteries b) capillaries c) veins
b) capillaries
Which of the following statements most correctly defines homeostasis? a) all living organisms are alike b) cells and organisms must be able to maintain a fairly constant internal environment c) humans acquire materials and energy when they eat food d) it takes energy to maintain the organization of the cell e) populations of organisms evolve over time
b) cells and organisms must be able to maintain a fairly constant internal environment
Most of the neurons in the body are found in the a) arms b) central nervous system c) tingertips d) legs e) neurons are distributed equally throughout the body
b) central nervous system
Which of the following is not a function of the outer cell membrane? It a) contains proteins that facilitate the transport of some molecules b) contains the genetic information c) determines which substances enter and leave the cell d) marks the cell as belonging to a particular individual e) serves as a boundary between the cell and its environment
b) contains the genetic information
Which respiratory muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? a) deltoid b) diaphragm c) oblique d) pectoralis e) trapezius
b) diaphragm
The outer ear flap is extremely flexible. What type of tissue would you predict makes up this structure? a) compact bone b) elastic cartilage c) fibrocartilage d) spongy bone
b) elastic cartilage
Most of the ATP during cellular respiration is made during what stage? a) citric acid cycle b) electron transport chain c) glycolysis d) preparatory reaction
b) electron transport chain
Mammary glands, sweat glands, and oil glands are modified a) adipose tissue b) epithelial tissue c) loose connective tissue d) neuroglia e) smooth muscle tissue
b) epithelial tissue
Which type of tissue covers all body surfaces and lines all body cavities? a) connective tissue b) epithelial tissue c) muscular tissue d) nervous tissue
b) epithelial tissue
According to the US Department of Agriculture's MyPlate icon, what should constitute the largest serving on your plate? a) dairy products b) fruits and vegetables c) meat d) whole grains
b) fruits and vegetables
Which of the following is the most common monosaccharide found in the human body? a) galactose b) glucose c) lactose d) sucrose e) all of the above are equally prevalent in the human body
b) glucose
The stable portion (or backbone) of organic molecules are the a) functional groups b) hydrocarbons
b) hydrocarbons
Why does a frozen soda can frequently burst? Because a) cell reactions are facilitated by water b) ice is less dense than water c) of the high surface tension of water d) water ionizes molecules e) water maintains its liquid state over a wide range of temperatures
b) ice is less dense than water
Where is the thyroid gland located? a) in the brain b) in the neck c) near the ovaries/testes d) near the pancreas e) on top of the kidneys
b) in the neck
Which of the following is not considered an accessory organ for the digestive system? a) gallbladder b) kidney c) liver d) pancreas
b) kidney
Macronutrients include a) carbohydrates and vitamins b) lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins c) lipids and nucleic acids d) vitamins and minerals
b) lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins
The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively is called a) glycolysis b) metabolism a) fermentation d) respiration
b) metabolism
In Minnesota, minors (those under 18) who want an abortion a) can do so without any parental input or without any action by a judge b) must notify their parents at least 48 hours in advance of the abortion c) must get consent from both parents for the abortion
b) must notify their parents at least 48 hours in advance of the abortion
If you have an upper respiratory infection, which area of the body is affected? a) bronchi b) nasal cavity c) lungs d) trachea
b) nasal cavity
Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system? a) prevents water loss b) produces white blood cells c) prevents pathogens from invading d) helps to regulate body temperature e) secretes sweat and oil
b) produces white blood cells
How are the nervous system and the endocrine system alike? They both a) have a very prolonged response to stimuli b) regulate the activities of other systems c) respond very rapidly to stimuli d) require exocrine glands to work properly e) utilize axons and synapses
b) regulate the activities of other systems
The sarcomere _____ when a muscle contracts. a) lengthens b) shortens c) stays the same length
b) shortens
can be contracted voluntarily a) cardiac muscle b) skeletal muscle c) smooth muscle
b) skeletal muscle
On a warm day in July, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To he surprise, the water was really cold. Which property of water did she discover? a) frozen water is less dense than liquid water b) the temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly c) water is a universal solvent d) water molecules can ionize
b) the temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly
A karyotype is a visual display of the chromosomes. a) false b) true
b) true
All scientific hypotheses must be testable. a) false b) true
b) true
Bone and blood are types of connective tissue. a) a) false b) true
b) true
Even though sickle cell disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder, heterozygotes can have a survival advantage in environments with a high incidence of malaria. a) false b) true
b) true
Fetal development includes the third through ninth months of development. a) false b) true
b) true
If body temperature was controlled by a positive feedback mechanism, the body's temperature would continue to rise. a) false b) true
b) true
If two parents who are unaffected for Tay-Sachs disease have a child who is affected with Tay-Sachs, then the parents are both carriers. a) false b) true
b) true
Muscles are attached to bones via tendons. a) false b) true
b) true
Saturated fats are usually of solid at room temperature, whereas unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature. a) false b) true
b) true
Since Jillian is a cross country runner, she has predominantly slow-twitch muscle fibers. a) false b) true
b) true
The inner cell mass of the blastocyst gives rise to the embryo. a) false b) true
b) true
Unsaturated fats are typically healthier in the diet when compared to saturated fats. a) false b) true
b) true
When glucose is broken down ATP, heat is released a) false b) true
b) true
In a metabolic pathway, substrate A is broken down to form products B and C. C is further broken down into products D and E. How many different enzymes are required for this metabolic pathway? a) one b) two c) three d) four e) five
b) two
In a cross between AaBB and aaBb, what is the probability that the offspring will exhibit both of the dominant phenotypes? a) 1/16 b) 3/16 c) 1/2 d) 916 e) 3/4
c) 1/2
In a cross of Ff x ff, the probability of having a dominant phenotype is a) 1/4 b) 1/3 c) 1/2 d) 2/3 e) 3/4
c) 1/2
_____ are proteins produced by the immune system in response to a foreign substance called an a) allergies; antigen b) antibodies; allergy c) antibodies; antigen d) antigens; antibody
c) antibodies; antigen
Which of the following individuals has a dominant phenotype? a) AA b) Aa c) both a and b have a dominant phenotype e) both b and c have a dominant phenotype
c) both a and b have a dominant phenotype
The three major components of connective tissue are a) cells, fat, and enzymes b) cells, plasma, and carbohydrate fibers c) cells, ground substance, and protein fibers d) ground substance, enzymes, and nucleic acids
c) cells, ground substance, and protein fibers
Two sister chromatids are held together at the a) aster b) autosome c) centromere d) spindle e) telomere
c) centromere
Women are more prone to osteoporosis than men because women a) don't exercise as regularly as men b) don't get enough iodine in their diet c) don't produce much estrogen after menopause d) have a higher percentage of body fat than men e) naturally have more spongy bone than men
c) don't produce much estrogen after menopause
Which of the following joints is the least mobile? a) ball-and-socket b) cartilaginous c) fibrous d) hinge e) synovial
c) fibrous
Which of the following occurs anaerobically in the cytoplasm of cells? a) citric acid cycle b) electron transport chain c) glycolysis d) preparatory reaction
c) glycolysis
Enzymes a) are nonspecific and so can be used on any substrate b) can only be used once c) have an active site that "locks" onto the substrate, thus facilitating a chemical reaction d) increase the amount of energy necessary for a reaction to occur
c) have an active site that "locks" onto the substrate, thus facilitating a chemical reaction
An enzyme that digests starch, when mixed with a solution containing only proteins, would a) digest the protein b) digest the water c) have no action d) produce fatty acids
c) have no action
Pregnancy tests work by detecting the presence of what hormone in the urine? a) estrogen b) follicle stimulating hormone c) human chorionic gonadotropin d) oxytocin e) prolactin
c) human chorionic gonadotropin
Which pancreatic hormone will be secreted when blood glucose levels are high (e.g. after a meal)? a) antidiuretic hormone b) cortisol c) insulin d) thymosin e) thyroxin
c) insulin
Peristalsis a) causes gastric ulcers b) is a finger-like projection in the small intestine that helps to increase its surface area c) is the contraction of smooth muscles that helps move food through the digestive tract d) is the first part of the colon where most of the digestion of food takes place e) is the mechanism by which vitamins are absorbed by the large intestine
c) is the contraction of smooth muscles that helps move food through the digestive tract
Upwards of 10 liters of water enters your digestive system every day. Most of this water is reabsorbed in the a) duodenum b) esophagus c) large intestine d) small intestine e) stomach
c) large intestine
What type of sense receptor is located in the ear? a) chemoreceptor b) electroreceptor c) mechanoreceptor d) photorecepter e) thermorecepter
c) mechanoreceptor
When does ovulation typically occur in a woman's monthly cycle? During the a) first few days of the cycle b) last few days of the cycle c) middle of the cycle
c) middle of the cycle
If it were not for the nasal cavity, a) air would never reach the lungs b) food would go down the wrong tube c) more debris from the air would likely enter the lungs d) we would not be able to speak
c) more debris from the air would likely enter the lungs
When you get cold, your blood vessels on the skin's surface constrict and you shiver. This feedback mechanism is called a) heterostatic b) homothermic c) negative d) positive e) neutral
c) negative
Oogenesis differs from spermatogenesis in that oogenesis results in a) four diploid egg cells b) four functional haploid egg cells c) one functional haploid egg cell d) two diploid cells, two haploid cells e) one diploid egg cell
c) one functional haploid egg cell
Of the following, what is the highest level of biological organization? a) organ systems b) organs c) organisms d) tissues
c) organisms
Where does fertilization of the egg normally occur? a) abdominal cavity b) ovary c) oviduct d) uterus e) vagina
c) oviduct
When describing someone as "lactose intolerant," you are describing his or her a) genotype b) karyotype c) phenotype d) prototype
c) phenotype
Which of the following receptors are not found in the skin? a) chemoreceptors b) mechanoreceptors c) photoreceptors d) thermoreceptors
c) photoreceptors
A researcher does a statistical study of a population and funds that the phenotypes for a particular trait follow a bell-shaped curve. She concludes that the trait is a) codominant b) dominant c) polygenic d) recessive e) sex-linked
c) polygenic
What is the function of valves in the veins? a) increase the heart rate b) oxygenate the blood c) prevent the backward flow of blood d) regulate blood pressure e) remove debris from the blood
c) prevent the backward flow of blood
Which of the following statements is not true concerning the hormonal control over the male reproductive system? a) follicle stimulating hormone (FSIN) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are present in males b) FSH and LH are involved in a negative feedback relationship with other hormones c) prolactin controls the release of testosterone d) testosterone is responsible for causing male secondary sexual characteristics e) the testes produce testosterone
c) prolactin controls the release of testosterone
In the pulmonary circuit, veins carry oxygen-_____ blood, and in the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-_____ blood. a) poor, poor b) poor, rich c) rich, poor d) rich, rich
c) rich, poor
lines the small intestines to help move food through a) cardiac muscle b) skeletal muscle c) smooth muscle
c) smooth muscle
Following ovulation, the follicle becomes a) a secondary follicle containing an immature egg b) a storage area for sperm c) the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone d) the site of fertilization
c) the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone
Which of the following is an example of innate immunity? a) B cell production b) T cell production c) the inflammatory response d) the production of antibodies e) all of the first four are examples of innate immunity
c) the inflammatory response
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a pedigree representing an autosomal dominant disorder? a) both males and females are affected with the disorder equally b) heterozygotes are affected with the disorder c) the trait often skips a generation d) two affected parents can have an unaffected child e) two unaffected parents will have unaffected children
c) the trait often skips a generation
Why do people get multiple colds throughout a single season? Because a) their B and T cells are making too few memory cells b) their immunizations aren't up-to-date c) they are being infected with different strains of the cold virus d) they have a faulty immune system e) they have too few histamine receptors
c) they are being infected with different strains of the cold virus
Where do T cells mature? In the a) red bone marroW b) spleen c) thymus d) tonsil e) yellow bone marrow
c) thymus
The vocal cords are found in the a) bronchiole b) epiglottis c) esophagus d) Iarynx e) medulla
d) Iarynx
There is an old saying "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." Which of the following is a viable hypothesis to test this (or at least part of it)? a) People who are early risers will be better patients than those who are late risers. b) People who are early risers will be wiser than those who are late risers. c) People who go to bed earlier in the evening will be healthier. d) People who go to bed earlier in the evening will have lower rates of heart disease than those who go to bed later.
d) People who go to bed earlier in the evening will have lower rates of heart disease than those who go to bed later.
Implantation of a fertilized egg into the uterine lining occurs _____ after conception. a) immediately b) within several hours c) about 24 hours d) about 6-10 days
d) about 6-10 days
The clitoris a) becomes engorged with blood during orgasm b) is made out of the same embryological tissue as the head of the penis c) is part of the external genitalia in women d) all of the above are true
d) all of the above are true
Which of the following stages of cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria? a) citric acid cycle b) electron transport chain c) preparatory reaction d) all of the above occur in the mitochondria e) none of the first three occur in the mitochondria
d) all of the above occur in the mitochondria
Which of the following contributes seminal fluid to semen? a) bulbourethral glands b) prostate gland c) seminal vesicles d) all of the first three e) none of the first three - seminal fluid is produced by a woman's reproductive tract, not a man's
d) all of the first three
The function of an enzyme is influenced by a) pH b) temperature c) the concentration of the enzyme d) all of the first three are correct e) none of the first three are correct; enzyme function is the same under any circumstance
d) all of the first three are correct
Which of the following helps to ensure that genetic diversity will be maintained? a) crossing over during meiosis b) fusion of an egg and sperm cell during the process of fertilization c) independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis I d) all of the first three will maintain genetic diversity
d) all of the first three will maintain genetic diversity
If you do not drink enough water and are therefore dehydrated, which of the following will be produced to regulate urine production? a) acetylcholine b) adrenaline c) amylase d) anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) e) thyroxin
d) anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Peptide hormones a) are able to pass through the target cell membrane and bind to a receptor in the nucleus b) are composed of lipids c) are composed of nucleic acids d) bind to a receptor in the plasma membrane of the target cell e) include estrogen and progesterone
d) bind to a receptor in the plasma membrane of the target cell
Essential amino acids a) are found only in plant-based, not animal-based, foods b) are those that are polyunsaturated c) can be stored by the body and so need to be ingested only occasionally d) cannot be made by our bodies and so must be ingested e) include all 20 of the amino acids that make up proteins
d) cannot be made by our bodies and so must be ingested
Which of the following types of connective tissue makes up tendons and ligaments? a) adipose b) bone c) cartilage d) dense e) loose
d) dense
Which of the following is one of the germ layers in the developing embryo? a) allantois b) blastula c) chorion d) endoderm
d) endoderm
The monomers of a typical fat molecule are a) a polypeptide chain of amino acids b) fructose molecules c) glucose molecules d) glycerol and fatty acids
d) glycerol and fatty acids
What are the two major components of the cardiovascular system? a) arteries and heart b) arteries and veins c) capillaries and veins d) heart and blood vessels e) veins and heart
d) heart and blood vessels
The body's ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment is called a) coordination b) development c) feedback d) homeostasis e) heterogeneous
d) homeostasis
Colostrum, produced for the first several days by a woman after giving birth, a) causes the uterus to contract back to its pre-pregnancy size b) forms a plug on the cervix c) is a hormone that suppresses fertilization of an egg d) is a special type of milk containing antibodies for the baby
d) is a special type of milk containing antibodies for the baby
If our cells lacked ribosomes, they would not be able to a) break down fats b) replicate c) secrete hormones d) make proteins e) use energy
d) make proteins
A dominant allele is one that a) contains more DNA than does a recessive allele b) is characteristic of the dominant (usually male) sex c) is more common than a recessive allele d) masks the presence of a recessive allele in heterozygotes e) occurs in sperm cells but not in egg cells
d) masks the presence of a recessive allele in heterozygotes
Of the following, which is the least effective means of birth control? a) a vasectomy b) an IUD c) a tubal ligation d) natural family planning e) all of the above are equally effective
d) natural family planning
What type of tissue receives sensory input, integrates data, and conducts impulses? a) connective tissue b) epithelial tissue c) muscular tissue d) nervous tissue
d) nervous tissue
Compact bone is composed of tubular units called a) calcium chloride units b) cartilage c) matrix fibers d) osteons e) sarcomeres
d) osteons
Which of the following is not an end product of cellular respiration? a) carbon dioxide b) heat c) metabolic water d) oxygen
d) oxygen
Where is the epiglottis found? In the a) bronchial tree b) kidney c) nasal cavity d) pharynx
d) pharynx
In what stage of meiosis does synapsis and crossing over occur? a) anaphase I b) metaphase I c) metaphase II d) prophase I e) prophase II
d) prophase I
Skin, hair, muscles, and most enzymes are all a) carbohydrates b) lipids c) nucleic acids d) proteins
d) proteins
The most complex and diverse group of polymers are a) carbohydrates b) lipids c) nucleic acids d) proteins e) all of the above are equally complex and diverse
d) proteins
Which food group requires the kidney for disposing its nitrogenous waste? a) carbohydrates b) disaccharides c) monosaccharides d) proteins e) starches
d) proteins
The retina of the eye contains the a) iris b) lens c) pupil d) rods and cones e) utricle and saccule
d) rods and cones
Which of the following is not an endocrine gland? a) adrenal gland b) parathyroid glands c) pancreas d) salivary glands e) testes
d) salivary glands
Transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse results from the a) absorption of ions by the dendrites b) action of DNA c) conversion of one amino acid to another d) secretion of neurotransmitters by the axon endings e) secretion of thyroxin by the cell body
d) secretion of neurotransmitters by the axon endings
The function of the yolk sac in the developing embryo is to a) aid the placenta in obtaining oxygen b) give rise to the bladder c) keep the developing embryo moist d) serve as the first site of blood cell formation
d) serve as the first site of blood cell formation
Which of the following is a ball-and-socket synovial joint? a) cartilaginous disks between the vertebrae b) elbow c) rib d) shoulder e) skull
d) shoulder
Most of the absorption of nutrients occurs in which area of the digestive tract? a) colon b) pylorus c) rectum d) small intestine e) stomach
d) small intestine
Which of the following is an example of a carbohydrate? a) DNA b) hemoglobin c) oil d) starch e) triglyceride
d) starch
The acrosome of a sperm cell a) contains the mitochondria b) contains the tail c) secretes testosterone d) stores enzymes needed for fertilization e) stores seminal fluid
d) stores enzymes needed for fertilization
How does the trachea remain permanently open? a) air pressure inside the lungs keeps it open b) it is reinforced with tendons so that it can't collapse c) special muscles are working to keep it open d) supporting cartilage keeps it open
d) supporting cartilage keeps it open
Huntington disease is a lethal genetic defect caused by a dominant allele (the normal allele is recessive). The condition has persisted over many generations because a) colorblind women are immune to it b) heterozygotes survive better c) it is sex-linked d) the disease usually develops during middle age after people have already reproduced e) the trait helps to prevent malaria
d) the disease usually develops during middle age after people have already reproduced
Which of the following parts of the skeletal system stores fat? a) cartilage b) osteons c) periosteum d) yellow bone marrow
d) yellow bone marrow
A fertilized egg (before it begins to divide) is called a a) blastula b) gastrula c) morula d) zygote
d) zygote
In humans, the gene for Huntington disease is dominant to the normal gene. If a man that is homozygous recessive and a woman that is homozygous dominant decide to have children, what are the chances of having a child with Huntington disease? a) 0% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75% e) 100%
e) 100%
If a man who is ABbCC has a child with a woman who is AABbCe, what is the probability their child will have all dominant phenotypes? a) 1/8 b) 1/4 c) 3/8 d) 1/2 e) 3/4
e) 3/4
About what percent of people in the US will contract a sexually transmitted disease in their lifetime? a) 5% b) 10% c) 20% d) 35% e) 50%
e) 50%
The primary cells involved with cell-mediated immunity are a) B cells b) phagocytic cells c) neutrophils d) red blood cells e) T cells
e) T cells
Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of all living things? a) are organized b) evolve c) reproduce d) require energy e) all of the above are characteristics of living things
e) all of the above are characteristics of living things
Carbon a) can bond with four other atoms b) can form chains or rings c) can form polar or nonpolar molecules d) is highly versatile e) all of the above are true of carbon
e) all of the above are true of carbon
If a child has type AB blood and his mother is homozygous for type B blood, then which of the following could be the blood type of the child's father? a) A only b) B only c) O only d) AB only e) either A or AB
e) either A or AB
The mutual interaction of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems (both are part of the autonomic system) primarily helps to ensure a) balance b) blood sugar concentrations c) genetic diversity d) higher thought processes e) homeostasis
e) homeostasis
Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that works at a very low pH (i.e., in a highly acidic environment). Therefore, it must act in the a) esophagus b) large intestine c) mouth d) small intestine e) stomach
e) stomach
The maximum size of cells is determined by the a) amount of cytoplasm b) amount of DNA the nucleus contains c) number of organelles it contains d) size of the organism e) surface area to volume ratio
e) surface area to volume ratio
If a heterozygous person with type B blood marries a heterozygous person with type A blood, what phenotypes can their children have? a) type A b) type AB c) type B d) type O e) their children can have any of the first four blood types
e) their children can have any of the first four blood types
At the end of meiosis I. a) four diploid cells are formed b) four haploid cells are formed c) one haploia and one diploid cell are formed C e d) two diploid cells are formed e) two haploid cells are formed
e) two haploid cells are formed
Which of the following is a symptom of emphysema? The a) bronchi lose their cartilage b) esophagus becomes inflamed and fills with mucus c) heart is reduced in size because it doesn't work as hard d) pharynx is coated with carbon deposits e) walls of the alveoli are damaged, reducing the surface area of the lungs
e) walls of the alveoli are damaged, reducing the surface area of the lungs
William noticed water climbing up a paper towel when he dipped it in water. This is an example of which property of water? a) frozen water is less dense than liquid water b) the temperature of liquid rises and falls slowly c) water has a high boiling point d) water has a neutral pH e) water molecules are attracted to other polar molecules
e) water molecules are attracted to other polar molecules
Taste buds a) are composed of over 1000 different types of chemoreceptors b) are located in the olfactory epithelium c) are types of electroreceptors d) have a direct connection with the hypothalamus and its centers for thirst e) work in conjunction with olfactory (smell) receptors to give us our sense of taste
e) work in conjunction with olfactory (smell) receptors to give us our sense of taste