Biology Final Exam Study Guide

All flowering plants are considered ____________.

angiosperms

This type of relationship between two organisms is characterized by one organism that benefits at the expense of the other.

Parasitic

Which type of muscle is voluntary?

Skeletal

Why is it important that capillaries are only one cell in thickness?

So nutrients and other materials can filter in and out easily

The small structures on the underside of each fern leaf are called _________

Sori

How is information from the brain connected to the peripheral nervous system?

Spinal Cord

Match the following plant structures to the proper function.

Stamen-male part of the flower Ovary- contains eggs Pistil- female part of a flower Anther- contains pollen grains stigma- sticky structure that receives pollen during fertilization.

Methanogens are _____________.

lithotrophs

Filtration of lymph occurs at the _____________

lymph nodes

Monocots have a_____root system,while dicots have a_____root system.

net-like taproot

The gill slits of a lancelet develop from the _________________.

pharyngeal slits

The tissue that transports water is_____, and the tissue that transports sugars is_____

xylem phloem

This type of microbe breaks down inorganic compounds.

Lithotroph

Which viral replication cycle is accompanied by the expression of symptoms?

Lytic

An adult jellyfish is in which stage of development?

Medusa

Arachnids include which of the following organisms? Choose all that apply.

Mites Scorpions Ticks Spiders

In which two areas of a bacterial cell can DNA be found?

Nucleoid and Plasmid

Approximately how long does it take for the body's complete blood supply to be filtered by the kidneys?

One hour

Of all the fungi that was researched, what was the most interesting to you and why? (Example: a fungi that was economically or agriculturally significant)

One of the fungi ( I think it was the ringed mushroom or something like that) that I researched was non-toxic when consumed on its own, but when consumed with alcohol it is toxic to humans.

Match each protist with its correct type.

Paramecium- animal-like Euglena- plant-like Mildew- fungus-like

How are gibberellins used commercially?

They are used to increase fruit size and growth.

Name one purpose of the root.

To collect water and nutrients for the plant

What is the purpose of a food chain?

To keep a balance in the world

What is the main function of the septum?

To prevent oxygenated and unoxygenated blood from mixing

What is the function of the operculum?

To serve as a protective covering for gills

True or False: A baby can obtain antibodies from its mother's milk.

True

Which of the following descriptions best fits the definition of altricial young?

Type of young that is underdeveloped at birth and requires extensive care from its parents

Which of the following are characteristics of eubacteria? Choose all that apply.

Unicellular Prokaryotic

Which tissue type transports water and sugar throughout the plant?

Vascular

Which of the following allows ferns to grow larger and taller than bryophytes?

Vascular Tissue

Name one way that spores can be dispersed once they are produced.

WInd or water

Monocots have petals arranged in multiples of _____.

3

Which of the following describes gravitropism?

A plant's movement in response to gravity

Which of the following describes phototropism?

A plant's movement toward light

Which of the following statements describes an incomplete digestive system?

A system that has a single location for entry/exit.

What purpose does endosperm serve for angiosperms?

Additional food storage

This hormone is released in a stressful situation.

Adrenalin

Which of the following groups contains organisms that spend half of their life cycle in water and the other half on land?

Amphibians

Which of the following statements is true?

Archaebacteria can live in harsh environments.

Where are egg cells produced in bryophytes? Choose all that apply.

Archegonia Gametophyte Generation

A sea sponge exhibits what type of symmetry?

Asymmetry

What is the function of the keel or breastbone in a bird?

Attaches flight muscles

Which of the following is not a protist?

Bacterioflagellate

A bat exhibits which type of symmetry?

Bilateral Symmetry

In 2-3 sentences and in your own words, describe why birds migrate on a seasonal schedule.

Birds migrate on a seasonal schedule because they need to be able to get food. When the seasons turn to winter here, they migrate to southern, warmer climates where it is easy to obtain food.

How do terrestrial forms of spiders perform respiration?

Book Lungs

What is the term for partially-digested plant material?

Cud

Explain the difference in appearance between dendrites and axons that you observed in the mammalian tissues lab experiment. Your response should be made in 2-3 complete sentences.

Dendrites are short and receive information. Axons are long and shoot out information.

Which structure expands the lungs and draws air into the body during inhalation?

Diaphragm

Where are the smallest bones of the body located?

Ear

How do earthworms contribute to agriculture? Explain in 2-3 sentences and in your own words.

Earthworms contribute to agriculture by fertilizing the soil and making it better. They also eat dead leaves and things so new plants can be grown.

Which of the following levels of ecological organization includes all biotic and abiotic factors in a specific area?

Ecosystem

Gram-positive bacteria cell walls contain an endotoxin known as LPS, which releases toxins from inside a bacterial cell as it breaks down.

False

Choose one of the birthing methods listed below, and write 2-3 sentences in your own words, describing the technique. Oviparous Viviparous Ovoviviparous

Giving birth the viviparous way means that the living creature births live young that have developed in the parent. This means that the newborn creature is a fully developed young.

Which component of the bacteriophage is represented by letter D?

Head

Sponges lack which of the following structures?

Heart, muscles, and brain

Organisms within Kingdom Animalia meet which of the following requirements? Choose all that apply.

Heterotrophic Multicellular Eukaryotic

_____is when an organism slows its body systems during periods of cold temperatures._____is when an organism slows its body systems during periods of hot temperatures.

Hibernation Estivation

In 2-3 sentences and in your own words, describe the difference between a gland and a hormone.

Hormones transfer instructions and information form one set of cells to another. Glands are a group of cells that produce chemicals.

If you were only able to observe seminal vesicles in the lab slide, would that mean that the earthworm is male? Explain in 1-2 complete sentences.

If there are no signs of ovaries and the seminal vesicles are able to be seen, then the earthworm is male.

Which class of organisms outnumbers all other animals on earth?

Insects

In the earthworm lab, how did the typhlosole contribute to a worm's ability to absorb nutrients?

Its folded structure increased its surface area.

Bony fish possess which of the following characteristics? Choose all that apply.

Jaws Paired fins Gills

When testing the antibiotic resistance of bacteria, what experiment is used? Select all that apply:

Kirby-Baur Test Disk Diffusion Test

Which portion of the sponge life cycle is motile?

Larval

From your Photosynthesis lab, what are the two types of reactions in photosynthesis? Select all that apply

Light-independent Light-dependent

Which of the following are classified as gymnosperms?

Pine, fir, and spruce trees

Which of the following is a difference between a plant cell and an animal cell?

Plant cells have a cell wall, while animal cells do not.

Fungi were once classified alongside plants until their distinct characteristics were discovered. Discuss at least 2 differences between fungi and plants. Your response should be 3-4 sentences in length and written in your own words.

Plants and fungus are different because plant cell walls are made of cellulose, while the cell walls of fungus are made of chitin. Plants are autotrophic and can perform photosynthesis. Fungi cannot perform photosynthesis because they do not contain chlorophyll

Match each macromolecule with its monomer.

Protein- Amino acid Carbohydrate- glucose fat- glycerol and fatty acids

Which type of worms does not have body segmentation?

Roundworm

Which enzyme is responsible for starting the process of chemically breaking down the starches in food that enters the mouth?

Salivary Amylase

Which component of the bacteriophage is represented by letter E?

Tail

In 3-5 sentences and in your own words, describe the life cycle of a fluke.

The adult fluke lay eggs and the eggs are eaten by some pond snails. The eggs then hatch inside the snail's body. The sheep then ingests the hatched eggs and the fluke grows inside the liver of the sheep into an adult fluke.

In at least one paragraph (3-5 sentences), discuss how the central vacuole contributes to maintaining the shape of a plant.

The central vacuole contains most of the fluid. It takes up most of the space in the plant cell, by doing this it helps maintain the shape of the plant. When the central vacuole doesn't get enough water, the plant will wilt.

Which of the following statements are true? Choose all that apply.

The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure. The kidneys are wrapped in adipose tissue.

Which of the following phrases correctly describe mesenchyme? Choose all that apply.

The layer between the two cell layers in cnidarians A jelly-like layer The layer between the two cell layers of sponges

In your earthworm lab observation, what structure is used to "guide" the worm since they lack sensory organs?

The prostomium

In at least one paragraph (3-5 sentences), discuss the 3 types of asexual reproduction that are used by fungi. Your response should be in your own words with proper grammar and mechanics.

There are three types of asexual reproduction used by fungi: fragmentation, budding, and spore production. Fragmentation is when the organism splits and those fragments become new organisms, original to the first. Budding typically used by yeasts and breaks off a part of the parent cell, and is genetically identical to the parent cell. Spore reproduction is when the haploid cell, called a spore is produced from the parent cell by mitosis. This cell is identical to the parent cell.

From your Photosynthesis lab, explain why aquatic plants are only found relatively close to the ocean surface.

When the ocean floor gets to a certain level, the water becomes above becomes so dense that light will not be let through. So plants living below a certain point will not be able to perform photosynthesis and will die.

Match each of the following structures to its proper description/function.

beak- modified upper and lower jaw Crop- temporarily stores food. Gizzard- Grinds food

The cell walls of a fungus are made of _________.

chitin

Name one product that contains algae as an ingredient.

cosmetics

Reptiles are an example of ______________.

ectotherms

Planarians do not have true eyes; instead, they have __________ that sense changes in light and chemical gradients.

eyespots

The ________ is the tube in which a hair grows from the root toward the surface of the skin.

follicle

The cells that control the opening and closing of stomata are called ____________.

guard cells

The cephalothorax is a region that contains the ________________.

head and thorax

The production of red blood cells is primarily maintained by the ___________.

red marrow

What is the body's first line of defense?

skin

The sperm requires_________ to move.

water

Describe two characteristics of a protist from your webquest assignment.

they can be parasites and they prefer aquatic evironments

What are two functions of a pseudopod?

to change the shape of a pseudopod and are used in movement

During _______________, bacteria takes up free DNA that is within its environment.

transformation

Movement that is consciously controlled by the organism is___movement, while__movement occurs naturally.

voluntary involuntary

The external female reproductive organ is the ______.

vulva