Biology final (missing unit 2 )
If both parents express a paricular trait bt their child does not, what does this indicate about the trait?
the trait autosomal dominant trait
What is oxidation?
The removal of electrons and H+ ions to form new molecules
If an individual expresses a dominate disease, which of he following is true?
there is at least a 50% probability that his children will inherit the disease
Which of the following is a feature that protiens and polysaccharides share
they are made of repeater monomer units
Chromosomes for keryotuyping are often obtained from a blood sample. Red blood cells, however cannot be used for this purpose because
they lack neclei
For metabolic processes to occur within their cells all living organisms need to maintin homeostasis which means they need
to maintain the correct internal temprature moisture level and acidity as well as other factors
Which process requires the participation of all three types of RNA?
translation
In eukaryotes, one gene may specify the construction of several protiens.
true
A DNA microarray detects
uncommon forms of alleles, or mutants, associated with disease.
A water molecule as shown here is polar because of
unequal sharing of electrons
The three steps that are required for DNA replication are
unwinding, complementary base pairing, and joining
Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell completed mitosis but not cytokinesis, the result would be a cell with
a cell with two nuclei
Which of the following is used to insert the foreign gene when creating reombinant dna?
a vector
Failure to removes intron from a primary mRNA would most likely cause
abnormal translation
Before entering the citric acid cycle pyruvate is converted to
acetyl-CoA
the citric acid cycle start with _____ and Yields____
acetyl-CoA, NAD+, FAD, and ADP; carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP
Th filled-in squares of a punnet square represent
all possible combinations of gametes based on a cross between the two parents
Alleles are
alternate versions of the same gene
During which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids seperated and consequently became daughter chromosomes?
anaphase
All atom of the same element have the same
atomic number
Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VII, and human growth hormone?
bacteria
A karyotype shows chromosomes arranged by
banding pattern, size, and shape
The scientific method
begins with observations
Yeast is used to make bread rise by producing _____ during fermentation
carbon dioxide
By-products of cellular respiration include
carbon dioxide and water
which of the following describes what will happen if there is a lack of oxygen during cellular respiration
cells switch to anaorobic respiration
What structure holds two sister chromatids together?
centromere
As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain the energy released is used immeditatly to
concentrate H+ in the intermembrance space
The pH scale is a mathematical indication of the
concentration of H+ present in a solution
Which of the following sequences of events in the production of recombinant DNA are in the correct order?
cut DNA with restriction enzymes, mix DNA with plasmid DNA, add DNA ligase
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
Which of the following can be categorized as prokaryotic
domain Archaea
DNA replication is called semiconservative because
each resulting DNA molecules are comprised of one new DNA stand and one old strand.
In science, a theory
encompasses many hypotheses
Which one of the following is a main function of protiens
enzymatic activity
mRNA is processed in the cytoplam before being used in protien
false
Is the following statement true or false? The only single-celled organisms are prokaryotes, such as archaeans and bacteria
false, because some eukaryotes including protista are single celled
Which of the following is a true statment
females can be heterozygous for sex-linked traits.
The purpose of a control group in an experiment is
for comparison to the other test groups
Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?
freckles
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
glycolysis- Krebs cycle- electron transport chain
Matt breeds and sells snakes. He knowns that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the father?
he must be heterozygous
The steps involved in a signle PCR cycle, in the correct order, are
heat to denature dna strands, cool to allow primer to anneal, allow DNA plymerase to copy DNA.
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about mitosis?
the cells ariaising from mitosis contain only hald of the necessary genetic material
If the parental genotoype is EeWw what are the potential allele combinaitons that could occur at the end of meiosis
EW,Ew,eW,ew
Which of the following is true iwth regards to the law of independent assortment?
Each pair of allels assoirts independently of the other allele pairs
What are all the possible gametes that can be produced by an individal with the following genotype; FFGg
FG, Fg
Determine if the following statemtn is true or false. Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring iwht the recessibe phenotype
False because both parent could be heterozygous
Differentiated cells, such as nerve cells, would be in which of the following stages of the cell cycle?
G0
Red-green color blindness is a recessiev x-linked trait. If a female is red-green coloblind which of the following is true?
Her father must be color-blind
A saturated fat has
no bouble bonds
A defect in DNA ligase would most likely result in
normal replication, but gaps remaining in the sugar-phosphate DNA backbone
The polymer shown below is comprised of what kind of subuits
nucleotides
Glycogen is a _____ made of many ____
polymer: glucose molecules
A product of glycolysis is
pyruvic acid
In a one trat testcross, a homozygous domininant indiviual is crossed with a homosygous recessive individual. Which phenotype will be absent in the F1 generation?
recessive trait
Which of the following is used to cleave DNA in order to create recombinant DNA?
restriction enzymes
The production of atp in glycolysis and the citric cycle is accomplished by
substrate level ATP synthesis
Which of the following contains the anticodon
tRNA
Ben was looking at onion root tip cells under the microscope in biology class. He saw one cell that had two nuclei within it. What stage of the cell cycle was this cell in.
telophase/ cytokinesis
Which functional group is both polar (Hydrophilic) and weakly acidic?
-COOH
Which of the following is a functional group present in amino acids?
-NH2
If an organism's dna contains 30% adenine nucleotides, what percentage of its dna is compased of guanine nucleotides?
20%
An element has an atomic number of 88 the number of protons and electrons in a neutral ataom of the element are
88 protons and 88 electrons
In a dihybrid cross where both parents are heterozygous, the expected phenotypic ratio is
9:3:3:1
According to Chargaff's data, _____ must pair with ____, and _____ must pair with _____.
A;T;C;G
During cellular respiration the energy in glucose is ultimately converted to
ATP and Heat
The sequence of the nRNA that would result from transcribing a DNA template strand with the bases TACGCTAAT would be
AUGCGAUUA
Which of the following is a possible use for transgenic organisms?
All of the above describe possible uses of trangenic organisms
Which of the following describes a way that DNA fingerprinting can be useful?
All of the above describe uses for DNA fingerprinting
Which of the following is an organic molecule
C6H12O6
What happened to the hamburger you had for lunch?
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins were converted to ATP or used to make new molecules for the cell.
Which of the following enzyme is needed to reseal breaks in the sugar phosphate backbone during replication?
DNA ligase
The term semiconservative refers specifically to
DNA replication
The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction?
DNA-RNA- protien
DNA replication makes a(n)____ copy of the DNA strand, while transcription makes a(n)_____ copy of the DNA strand.
DNA; mRNA
when during the cell cycle are chromosomes visiable under a microscope
During mitosis
The fruit flys long wings (L) is dominan tto shor wings (l) and a gray body color (G) is dominant to black body color (g) A long wigned drosophila female with a gray body mates with a black short winged make fly (llgg) the penotyple ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1 what is the genotype of the female fly>
LlGg
Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads (Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are nonagricultural areas. Based on this study, what is the control group?
Male toads collected from the suburbs
What organelle is used during the process of cellurlar respiration?
Mitochondria
The final acceptor for electrons is aerobic cellular respiration is
Oxygen
which of the following is necessary for the complete breakdown of glucose?
Oxygen
Which of the following is a true statements about protiens
Protiens are used to produce many types of hormones
Which kingdom includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Protista
which items in the following pairs are correctly match
S phase- DNA replication
If a true-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a tall pea plant of unkown parentage, which of the following is correct?
Some short individuals may appear in the F2 generation.
The energy source that derives the production of atp in oxidative phosphorylation is the
The diffusion of hydrogen protons down their electrochemical gradient
Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?
The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs it chemical activity
Alleles associated with known genetic disorders can be detected using DNA microarray analysis.
True
Which of the following property of water helps an individual who is exercising vigorously maintain a constant body tempreature?
Water has high heat capacity
Megan has a a widow's peake( dominant trait) and attached earlobes (recessive trait). Megans dad has a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is megans genotype.
Wwee
In a monohybrid cross, how many traits are examined
a
Which of the following is mismatched?
identical alleles- heterozygous
If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip in what stage of the cell cycle would the majority of the cells be
interphase
which of the following statements is correct regarding the events of the cell cycle?
interphase consists of G1, S, and G@
The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from onw atom to another is a(n) ____ bond
ionic
Steroid are classified as
lipids
If RNA plymerase malfuntions,
mRNA will not be formed
All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are collectively called
metabolism
The process of ____ leads to organisms that are _____ that enviroment
natural selection: adapted to