Physical science

Identify the properties of the image formed by a diverging lens. (Select all that apply.)

Virtual image Located between the lens and the object Smaller than the object

Select all the colors that would be present in white light.

Yellow Green Orange Red Blue

White light is best described as ______.

a mixture of many colors

1.52

a typical value for the index of refraction of a transparent material

Interference in waves is the ______ together of two or more waves of the same kind that pass by the same point and at the same time.

adding

When two waves meet, the amplitude of the new wave is the ______.

algebraic sum of the amplitude of the two separate wave patterns

The speed of light in free space is approximately 3.00 × 108 m/s. Light traveling through a material (such as air, or glass, or water) ______.

always travels at a reduced speed

If two waves meet, the sum of the two separate ____________determines the resulting wave's amplitude.

amplitudes

The amount of refraction that occurs as light passes between two media depends on the ______. (Select all that apply.)

angle of incidence on the boundary ratio of the speed of light in the materials ratio of the index of refraction of the materials

Total internal reflection of a light ray means that the ______. (Select all that apply.)

angle of refraction is more than 90° from the perpendicular to the surface between the media light ray does not escape the material

A condition called __________ occurs when the cornea or lens of an eye has different curvatures in different planes. (Use only one word per blank.)

astigmatism

A virtual focal point is the point in ______ of a ______ lens from which the rays of light appear to but do not actually pass through.

back; diverging

Diffraction is the ability all waves have to ______.

bend around the edge of an obstacle in their path

Light travels more slowly in water than air. When it emerges from the water, the light ray will ______.

bend away from the perpendicular between them

Light travels more slowly in water than air. When it emerges from the water, the light ray will ______.

bend away from the perpendicular between them Reason: Speeding up, the light ray will bend away from the perpendicular between them.

When light moves from a material with a higher speed of light into a material with a lower speed of light, the light ray ______.

bends toward a perpendicular to the surface between them

If white light falls on an object and the object reflects only the wavelength of blue light, the object will appear to be ______.

blue

The sky appears to be blue because ______.

blue wavelengths are the most easily scattered in the atmosphere

Soap bubbles and thin oil films can appear ______ because their surface has varying thicknesses which cause constructive and destructive interference of different wavelengths of light in various areas.

brightly colored

All the light reaching an underwater observer, like a scuba diver, from above the surface is concentrated in a ______ shape with an angular width of 98°.

cone

If waves traveling in opposite directions meet and a wave crest from each meets at the same place and at the same time, the result is ______.

constructive interference

A lens that brings parallel beams of light into a single focal point is called a ______ lens.

converging

The three rays for a lens ___________that are the simplest to trace are: 1) a ray that leaves the object parallel to the lens axis, 2) a ray that passes though the center of the lens, and 3) a ray that passes through the nearest focal point of the lens.

converging

This ray diagram shows a ______ lens, which explains why the image is erect, virtual, and larger than the object.

converging

The image shows the path of light in the eye of a person who is farsighted. The light can be made to focus on the retina by using a ______ to ______ the light rays before they enter the eye.

converging lens; converge

The condition astigmatism exists when the eye can bring into focus only one plane at a time. This condition arises when the ______.

cornea or lens of an eye has different curvatures in different planes

Coated lenses are used on optical instruments in order to ______.

cut down on the reflection of light at the interface of the air and glass by using destructive interference

The ability of all waves to bend around the edge of an obstacle in their path is called ______.

diffraction

Assuming impurities in a diamond are not the cause, the colors seen in a diamond are the result of ______.

dispersion

The sparkle of colors when white light shines on a cut diamond is partly due to ______.

dispersion

The image shows the path of light in the eye of a person who is nearsighted. The light can be made to focus on the retina by using a ______ to ______ the light rays before they enter the eye.

diverging lens; diverge

The resolving power of a telescope depends upon the wavelength of the light that enters it ______.

divided by the diameter of the lens or mirror

An eyeball that is too short will cause light from nearby objects to come into focus behind the retina (and thus be out of focus on the retina). This condition is known as ______.

farsightedness

The goal of ray tracing is to ______.

find the properties of the image of an object formed by a lens

The distance from a converging lens to the point where all the light rays come together is called the ______ of the lens

focal length

The Blank __________ is the central region of the retina that contains only cones. (Use only one word per blank.)

fovea

The __________is the central region of the retina that contains only cones. (Use only one word per blank.)

fovea

Fiber-optic cables work by using the internal reflection of light within thin ____________ fibers. (Use only one word per blank.)

glass

The index of refraction of a diamond is 2.42, and the index of refraction of glass is about 1.52. This means that light travels faster through ______.

glass Reason: The index is the speed of light in vacuum divided by the speed in the material. The larger the speed in the material (v, in the denominator), the smaller the index of refraction, n.

Cones in the retina are specialized for color vision. In humans, there are three types of cones that respond to light with the wavelengths of red, ________,__________ and .

green; blue

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a material is called the ______.

index of refraction Reason: Mathematically, n = cvcv.

The adding together of two or more waves of the same kind that pass the same point at the same time is called ______.

interference

In our eyes, the colored ______ controls the amount of light entering the ______ (the opening).

iris; pupil

The fovea is a small region on the retina that ______.

is located in the center and contains only cones

We cannot see images of ourselves on a typical school wall because light ______.

is scattered randomly off of the surface

The diffraction of light waves around an object ______.

keeps shadow from being completely dark

Radio telescopes work best when placed in an array of widely spaced antennas because the widely spaced array can act as a single telescope with a ______. This is important since radio waves can have great wavelengths.

large diameter

A piece of glass or other transparent material shaped so that it can produce an image by refracting light that comes from an object is called a(n) .

lens

Larger lenses are needed for high magnification because the larger the lens, the ______.

less significant diffraction is

The sky can appear red or reddish at sunrise or sunset because the ______.

light must travel farther in the atmosphere and the blue light is scattered out more completely

Shadows are not completely dark because ______.

light waves are able to diffract around the object causing the shadow

Resolving power of an optical system is the ______ distance it needs to be from two objects in order to keep them distinct.

minimum

An eye with the defect of farsightedness has trouble bringing into focus objects that are _____, and in nearsightedness, the eye has trouble bringing into focus _______ objects

near; distant

A simple way to find the properties of the image formed by a lens is to do ______.

ray tracing

The spot where all the beams of light come together after passing through a converging lens is called the ______.

real focal point

Ocean waves are ______ into wave crests that are roughly parallel to the shore because the ______ part of the wave is slowed. Multiple choice question. refracted; deepest

refracted; shallowest

A lens is a piece of glass or other transparent material that can produce an image by ______ light that comes from an object.

refracting

The__________ power of a telescope depends on the wavelength of the light that enters it divided by the diameter of the lens or mirror. (Use only one word per blank.)

resolving

A rainbow is made of arcs of color rather than straight lines because ______.

the arc of a given color defines a constant angle between you, the raindrops, and the sun

refraction

the bending of light as it passes into a material

Vertebrates have a small blind spot on the eye where ______.

the nerves and blood vessels pass through the retina

index of refraction

the ratio of c to the speed of light in a material, denoted as n

Dispersion of light means ______.

the separation of light into different colors sorted by wavelength (color)

Waves approaching a beach at an angle will swing around to roughly become parallel to the shoreline. This happens because _______.

the shallower part of the wave "feels" the bottom and slows down, allowing the rest of the wave to swing around

Thin films (such as those of soap bubbles and thin oil films) can appear brightly colored because ______.

their varying thicknesses cause constructive and destructive interference of different wavelengths of light in various areas

A converging lens is ______ in the middle than at its rim, and a diverging lens is ______ in the middle than at its rim.

thicker; thinner

True or false: We cannot see images of ourselves on a typical school wall because light is scattered randomly off of the surface.

true

Fiber-optic cables work by ______.

using the internal reflection of light within thin glass fibers

Curved mirrors, such are those used to look around blind corners, produce a ______ image

virtual

The location where beams of light appear to come from behind a diverging lens is called a(n) focal point because the light rays do not actually pass through that spot.

virtual

Images are ______.

virtual constructs of light rays into a picture in our brains

If an object is closer than f from a converging lens, then the image is erect, ______, and ______ than the object.

virtual; larger

The index of refraction of water is 1.33, and the index of refraction of glass is about 1.50. This means that light travels more quickly in ______.

water Reason: No. The index is the speed of light in vacuum divided by the speed in the material. The larger the speed in the material (v, in the denominator), the smaller the index of refraction, n.

If white light falls on an object and the object reflects all wavelengths of light, the surface will appear to be ______.

white

Sunlight falls on a glass prism and is dispersed into a spectrum. Rank the colors according to how much they are refracted, with the most refracted at the top.

1.violet, 2, blue, 3.green, 4. red

When a fish or diver looks up toward the surface of a calm lake, they can see only a cone of light that is ______ degrees wide. Outside of this cone, the water-air interface reflects the underwater scene.

98

Select all that apply Select the three rays for a converging lens that are the simplest to trace.

A ray that leaves the object parallel to the lens axis A ray that passes through the nearest focal point of the lens A ray that passes though the center of the lens

Vertebrates have a small ,__________ ___________in the eye where the nerves and blood vessels pass through the retina. (Use only one word per blank.)

Blank 1: blind Blank 2: spot

The human retina is comprised of millions of tiny structures that are___________ sensitive to light. There are that specialize in color vision and _________________that are specialized for low light conditions but cannot detect color.

Blank 1: cones Blank 2: rods

If two waves meet and are in step with each other, the result is ____________; if two waves meet and are out of step with each other, the result is _____________interference.

Blank 1: constructive Blank 2: destructive

A ___________is created by the dispersion of sunlight into its component colors when refracted by water droplets in the atmosphere. (Use one word per blank.)

Blank 1: rainbow

With light refraction in a prism, the beams of colors would show ________________ light as the least bent and __________________light as the most bent.

Blank 1: red Blank 2: violet

Which of the following items are used on optical instruments in order to cut down on the reflection of light at the interface of the air and glass by using destructive interference?

Coated lenses

______ limits the useful magnifications of telescopes.

Diffraction

Total ____________ ______________occurs when the angle of refraction for a light ray going from one medium to a less optically dense medium is more than 90° from the perpendicular to the surface between them. (Use only one word per blank.)

Internal, reflection

Select all of the processes that are important in forming a rainbow.

Refraction Reflection Dispersion

Select all of the following that are related to dispersing a spectrum

Spatial separation of white light into its component colors Refraction of light Use of a prism

Select the statements below that are true in regard to the formation of a rainbow.

Sunlight being dispersed into its component wavelengths by raindrops is the key step in the formation of a rainbow. They can be seen only if we are between falling rain and the sun.

The statements below apply to real or virtual images. Select the statements that apply to real images. (Select all that apply.)

The image can be projected on a screen or recorded. Light travels directly from the image to your eye.

Select the statement below that is true in regard to images formed by a diverging lens.

The image formed will always be a virtual image.

Select the statements that are true about the speed of light in transparent materials. (Select all that apply.)

The speed is always less than the speed in empty space. The change in speed causes refraction when light enters a different material.

c

The speed of light in free space, about 3.00 × 108 m/s