BIOLOGY: Lecture Semester Exam Questions

Which of the following is an autotroph? A. a magnolia tree B. a tick C. a bee D. yeast

A. A magnolia tree

What do protons determine? a. Determine element b. Determine isotope c. Determine chemical behavior d. Do not determine anything

A. Determine element

_____ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer. A. fat B. UV light C. estrogen D. a virus E. testosterone

A. Fat

The scientific study of heredity is called A. Genetics B. True-breeding C. heredity D. breeding

A. Genetics

Among other uses, recombinant DNA technology has provided a mechanism fornonhuman cells to produce __________. a. Human proteins b. Bioluminescence c. Fingers d. A conscious

A. Human Proteins

Which of the following best describes some of the benefits of photosynthesis? A. It is an oxygen source as well as a source of stored energy B. It is a source of carbon dioxide C. It enhances the greenhouse effect D. It stores chemical energy.

A. It is an oxygen source as well as a source of stored energy

What does the nucleus consist of? A. Neutrons and protons B. Electrons and neutrons C. Electrons and protons D. Only protons

A. Neutrons and protons

In which of the following organelles does photosynthesis take place? A. Central vacuole B. Ribosome C. Nucleus D. Chloroplast

D. Chloroplast

Zookeepers at the Chester Zoo in England reported that a Komodo dragon laid a clutch of eggs that hatched into healthy young. The zookeepers claimed that the offspring were a result of asexual reproduction. What evidence confirms this claim? A. Asexual reproduction is common in lizards. B. All of the offspring were male. C. All of the offspring were infertile. D. DNA testing confirmed that all of the DNA of the Komodo dragon babies was derived from their mother.

D. DNA testing confirmed that all of the DNA of the Komodo dragon babies was derived from their mother.

Global climate change could be magnified by __________. A. extreme weather patterns B. limits on burning fossil fuels C. growing plants D. deforestation

D. Deforestation

Scientists can estimate the ages of fossils and place them in an ordered sequence called the ______. A. Records B. Recordings C. Fossil study D. Fossil Record

D. Fossil record

A(n) _____________ is a testable explanation for an observation. A. Observation B. Prediction C. Question D. Hypothesis

D. Hypothesis

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? A. Golgi apparatus B. Chloroplast C. Plasma membrane D. Mitochondrion E. Central Vacuole

D. Mitochondrion

Aerobic metabolism always requires _____. A. Carbon dioxide B. Glucose C. Exclusion of oxygen D. Oxygen

D. Oxygen

his figure is an example of a(n) _____. (No picture available) a. protein b. nucleic acid c. steroid d. saturated fat e. unsaturated fat

D. Saturated fat

The term "restriction fragments" refers to A. Pieces of DNA that have been cut into different lengths B. The type of plasmid used in this technique C. Nucleic acid probes D. The fact that only very few sources of DNA produce fragments when cut up by enzymes

A. Pieces of DNA that have been cut into different lengths

If you change the number of ____ the atom becomes a different element. A. protons B. neutrons C. electrons D. None of the above

A. Protons

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast? A. The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy. B. The chloroplast functions as the site of lipid synthesis. C. The chloroplast stores compounds produced by the cell. D. The chloroplast serves as a protein manufacturing facility. E. The chloroplast creates internal pressure for a cell.

A. The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

Regulatory proteins bind to _____. A. the operator B. the lactose-utilization genes C. the regulatory gene D. RNA polymerase E. transcription factors

A. The operator

Radiation can be harmful when uncontrolled but is also helpful in food safety and inmedicine. A. True B. False

A. True

The most common phenotype present in a natural population is referred to as the _? a. Wild type b. Autosome c. Mutant phenotype d. genotype

A. Wild type

Replication of chromosomal DNA occurs __________. A. before a cell divides B. in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell C. whenever a cell makes protein D. to repair gene damage caused by mutation

A. before a cell divides

A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that ______. A. eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not B. eukaryotic cells are older than prokaryotic cells in an evolutionary sense C. prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells D. prokaryotic cells have cell walls; eukaryotic cells do not

A. eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not

Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "rough" because __________. A. many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane B. of the numerous proteins produced by the rough ER C. lysosomes are attached to the ER D. the Golgi apparatus is associated with rough ER to produce proteins

A. many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane

A DNA microarray is used to __________. A. visualize patterns of gene expression B. detect hormones C. isolate mRNA D. detect the location of genes

A. visualize patterns of gene expression

Which of the following is the most inclusive level of biological organization? A. Organism B. Biosphere C. Community D. Organelle E. Ecosystem

B. Biospere

Homozygous dominant can be represented by the following genotype: A. Dd B. DD C. dd D. none of the above

B. DD

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant tomanufacture __________. a. cellulose b. DNA c. Proteins d. fatty acids

B. DNA

Transcription occurs after Translation. True or False? a. True b. False

B. False

Sex-linked diseases are usually influenced by the X chromosome. Why are males more directly affected my sex-linked diseases compared to females. A. Males are less superior compared to women B. Males lack an extra X chromosome C. Females have a Y chromosome D. Females only carry traits by sex-linked disorders

B. Males lack an extra X chromosome

Which of these distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell? A. presence of a plasma membrane B. presence of a cell wall C. ability to synthesize amino acids D. presence of a nucleus

B. Presence of a cell wall

he ultimate energy source that supports most life on Earth is __________. A. Chemosynthetic microbes B. Sunlight C. The carbon cycle D. Photosynthetic plants

B. Sunlight

From the perspective of a biologist, the correlation of structure and function is strongest at what level of organization? A. Tissue B. The correlation of structure and function can be seen equally at all levels C. Cell D. Organism E. Molecule

B. The correlation of structure and function can be seen equally at all levels

An important end product of cellular respiration is __________. A. pyruvic acid B. water C. glucose D. hydrogen gas

B. Water

Asexual reproduction __________. A. leads to a loss of genetic material B. can produce offspring genetically identical to the one single parent C. produces offspring that always look exactly like the parent D. is limited to plants

B. can produce offspring genetically identical to the one single parent

Sexual reproduction requires the cellular process of __________ followed by __________. A. mitosis ... fertilization B. meiosis ... fertilization C. mitosis ... meiosis D. mitosis ... gamete formation

B. meiosis ... fertilization

A benign tumor is a condition in which tumor cells __________. A. invade the circulatory system B. migrate from the initial site of transformation to other organs or tissues C. have an unusual number of chromosomes D. remain confined to their original site

B. migrate from the initial site of transformation to other organs or tissues

Extracellular matrix consists mostly of what? A. lipids B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. nucleic acids

B. proteins

If you exceed your aerobic capacity during a workout, your muscle cells will__________. A. send a signal to the respiratory system to increase your breathing rate B. switch to anaerobic respiration and produce lactic acid C. increase their capacity to absorb oxygen D. stop getting energy until your breathing rate increases and more oxygen is delivered to your cells

B. switch to anaerobic respiration and produce lactic acid

Which of the following is a good reason for using fast-growing trees as fuel? A. There are more trees than fossil fuels B. Like fossil fuels, wood is nonrenewable C. Vigorously growing plants remove a lot of carbon dioxide from the air D. Wood has more sulfur than fossil fuels

C. Vigorously growing plants remove a lot of carbon dioxide from the air

If green seed pods (G) are dominant compared to yellow seed pods (g), what would the genotype ratio be if one heterozygous green pea and one yellow pea are crossed? A. 25% GG, 25% Gg, 50% gg B. 75% Gg, 25% gg C. 50% Gg, 50% gg D. 25% gg, 25% GG, 25% Gg

C. 50% Gg, 50% gg

What is the molecule upon which heredity is based? A. Hormone B. Hydrogen C. DNA D. Protein E. Mutation

C. DNA

DNA testing (profiling) has been used to determine Mr. Rogans guilt. A DNA sample ound at the scene of the crime was tested leading to his conviction.This works because__________. A. Morality and ethics do not affect the scientific facts of the matter B. The Government knows what DNA belongs to who C. every person has a unique DNA sequence D. The jury thought the samples had a similar color E. Every person has a unique blood type

C. Every person had a unique DNA sequence

Which of the following is directly involved in the scientific study of the natural world? A. Astrology B. Economics C. Evolutionary theory D. Literature E. History

C. Evolutionary Theory

The time it takes for 50% of a radioactive isotope to decay is called ____.? A. Fossil Fuels B. Configuration C. Half life D. radiation

C. Half life

What is recombinant DNA technology? A. combining alternate alleles on the same chromosome B. Combining genes from different species C. Having genes from different species be combined D. isolating genes from their friends

C. Having genes from different species be combined

In a PCR reaction, the strands of DNA are first separated by A. Treating with an acid B. Adding alcohol C. Heating D. Treatment with a strong base

C. Heating

Cells in a multicellular organism may regulate gene expression in a distant cell. An example of this is secretion of __________. a. Polymerases b. Antibodies c. Hormones d. repressors

C. Hormones

To date, the "easy" part of gene therapy has been A. Repairing genes without removing the cells from the patient B. Getting the engineered cells to reproduce within the patient's body C. Isolating and cloning the normal gene D. Finding a chemical agent that can carry the normal gene into cells that carry a defective gene

C. Isolating and cloning the normal gene

The main function of cellular respiration is __________ A. producing cell structures from chemical building blocks B. breaking down toxic molecules C. making ATP to power cell activities D. making food

C. Making ATP to power cell activities

__________ is a chemical process that uses light energy from the sun to build organic molecules. A. Respiration B. Anaerobic respiration C. Photosynthesis D. Glycolysis

C. Photosynthesis

Most human adults are lactose intolerant. People with lactose intolerance produceinsufficient amounts of __________. a. Lactose b. Vitamins c. the enzyme lactase d. Saliva

C. The enzyme lactase

Although all of the cells in your body contain a complete set of DNA, different cells have different functions because __________. A. unused genes are spliced out of DNA B. they contain different chromosomes C. different genes are switched on and off in each type of cell D. they contain different sets of genes

C. different genes are switched on and off in each type of cell

Mitochondria, the sites of cellular respiration, are found in __________ A. animal cells only B. plant cells only C. plant cells and animal cells D. Bacteria

C. plant and animal cells

What is biology? A. The study of fossils B. The study of patterns of inheritance C. The study of how organisms process energy D. The study of life E. The study of animal structures

D. The study of life

Which of these is NOT a carcinogen? a. cigarette smoke b. fat c. testosterone d. UV light e. all of the above are carcinogens

E. All of the above are carcinogens

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. a. Glucose b. Glycogen c. Lactosed. Starch e. Cellulose

E. cellulose

Which of the following is in the correct order of events. a. Transcription>Translation>Termination b. Translation>Transcription>Termination c. Termination>Transcription>Translation d. Transcription>Termination>Transcription

a. Transcription>Translation>Termination

Viruses must have a host cell in order to replicate. This is because? Choose all thatapply. a. The virus needs the host cell's DNA b. The virus uses the host cell's protein synthesis c. The host cell provides the virus with protection d. The host cell DNA can be hijacked and altered with the Virus' genetic code

b. The virus uses the host cell's protein synthesis d. The host cell DNA can be hijacked and altered with the Virus' genetic code

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA? a. A, U, G, C b. T, U, A, G c. A, T, C, G d. A, B, AB, O

c. A, T, C, G

In humans, the _ determines the sex of the offspring because _? a. Chromosomes contribution from both parents...the offspring uses all parents'chromosomes b. Females...only the females has two functional sex chromosomes c. Male...the male can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome d. Male...the sperm can fertilize either a female egg or a male egg

c. Male...the male can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome

How do prions disrupt the normal function of an organism and cause diseases such asmad cow disease? a. Prions change the amino acid sequence of their host proteins. b. Prions are still a mystery. Scientists do not know how prions cause the symptoms of diseases like mad cow disease. c. Prions can convert normally folded proteins into abnormal shapes. d. Prions are a result of genetic mutations.

c. Prions can convert normally folded proteins into abnormal shapes.

The enzymes Helicase and Ligase are used to _ in DNA replication respectively. a. Replicate nitrogenous bases and read codons b. Establish chemical bonds between bases and split nitrogenous pairs c. Split nitrogenous pairs and establish chemical bonds between bases d. Attach hydrogen bonds to nitrogenous bases and add a triple adenosine tail

c. Split nitrogenous pairs and establish chemical bonds between bases

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis? a. Translates DNA into mRNA b. Creates new DNA template for further translation c. Uses genetic information from mRNA to create a polypeptide train d. Prevent mutations within mRNA transcription

c. Uses genetic information from mRNA to create a polypeptide train

Glycogen is _____. a. the form in which plants store sugars b. a source of saturated fat c. a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls d. a transport protein that carries oxygen e. a polysaccharide found in animals

e. a polysaccharide found in animals