Biology Lesson 4 Chapter 18

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Prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera

1938

Fungi moved to its own kingdom

1959

Kingdom Monera split into kingdoms bacteria and Archea

1977

How many domains are there?

3

How many kingdoms are there?

6

All single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista

1866

Why is the tree of life considered a work in progress?

as new stuff is discovered it can change

Classified by their shape, need for oxygen, and whether they cause disease

bacteria

One of the largest groups on earth

bacteria

Why is classification considered a work in progress?

because it must be corrected when new knowledge becomes available

What is always a work in progress?

classification

What can lead to changes in classification?

new discoveries

What did Carl Woese base his proposal that there are three domains on?

rRNA studies of prokaryotes

How has the kingdom system changed over the last 300 years?

there are four more kingdoms than there were 300 years ago

What kingdoms existed in 1753?

Animalia and Plantae

What kingdoms existed in 1800?

Animalia and Plantae and Protista

What kingdoms existed in 1938?

Animalia and Plantae and Protista and monera

Includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea

Archaea

Known for living in extreme environments

Archaea

Known for their ability to live in extreme environments

Archaea

single-celled prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea

Archaea

Archaea's cell walls are chemically different from what?

Bacteria

Classified by shape, need for oxygen, and diseases caused

Bacteria

Single-celled prokaryotes in the kingdom bacteria

Bacteria

What includes prokaryotes in the kingdom bacteria?

Bacteria

What blurs the line between species?

Bacteria and Archaea

What can be difficult to classify?

Bacteria and Archaea

What can transfer genes across species, back and forth to each other outside of ordinary reproduction?

Bacteria and Archaea

What transfers genes among themselves outside of reproduction?

Bacteria and Archaea

Name the three domains in the current tree of life, including what kingdoms they contain.

Bacteria contains the kingdom bacteria/Archea contains the kingdom Archea/ Eukarya contains the kingdoms protists, plants, fungi, and animals

What are the three domains in the tree of life?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Why did fungi get moved to its own kingdom?

Because of the way it obtains food

How were the differences between Archaea and bacteria discovered?

By studying RNA

Who proposed the three domains?

Carl Woese

What are above the kingdom level?

Domains

All organisms with eukaryotic cells. Includes the kingdoms of Protista, Plantae, fungi, and Animalia

Eukarya

Have cells with distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Eukarya

Includes all eukaryotes

Eukarya

Organisms that have cells containing a distinct nucleus organelles with eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a membrane can be colonial or multicellular

Eukarya

What kingdoms existed in 1959?

Fungi Animalia Plantae Protista Monera

What kingdoms existed in 1977?

Fungi Animalia Protista Plantae Bacteria Archaea

Describe Woese's discovery and the impact it had on the tree of life?

He discovered that bacteria and Archaea are genetically different kingdoms

What is needed to understand prokaryotes?

More research

What does the tree of life show?

Our most current understanding

What kind of research prompted living things to be classified into domains, a grouping above the kingdom level?

Prokaryotes were divided into two types

Domain model more clearly shows what?

Prokaryotic diversity

What kingdoms does the domain Eukarya include?

Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

The current tree of life has how many domains?

Three

Only two kingdoms, animalia and plante

Until 1866

Who's research caused kingdom Monera to be split into kingdoms bacteria and Archea?

Woese's rRNA research


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