Biology paper 1 questions

What is produced by type II pneumocytes? A. Epinephrine B. Elastase C. Pulmonary surfactant D. Alpha 1-antitrypsin

C. Pulmonary surfactant

Sulfanilamide inhibits an enzyme that catalyses a reaction involving PABA, an intermediate in the synthesis of folate in bacteria. The structures of sulfanilamide and PABA are shown The graph shows the rate of reaction with increasing substrate concentration and with fixed low concentration of different types of inhibitors. Which line on the graph represents the effect of sulfanilamide?

D

In DNA profiling, short tandem repeats (STRs) of DNA are used, as these vary a great deal between individuals. Some skin cells were retrieved from the crime scene. Three STR sections of the DNA from these cells, from the victim and from a suspect, were analysed and the results are shown in the table. What can be concluded from the gel electrophoresis data? A. The suspect was at the crime scene. B. The victim has the band moving the least distance. C. The suspect and the victim have bands moving the same distance. D. The skin cells have the band moving the greatest distance.

D. The skin cells have the band moving the greatest distance.

Which pedigree chart is consistent with the inheritance of red-green colour blindness?

A

Which structure in the chloroplast diagram is adapted to carry out chemiosmosis?

A

What are final products of photosynthesis and of aerobic respiration?

B

Which diagram represents blood flow through the mammalian heart?

B

The image shows a transverse section through a collecting duct in a vertebrate kidney. How is the movement of materials across the wall of the collecting duct affected by the release of ADH from the pituitary gland? A. There is increased movement of water in the direction of arrow I. B. There is increased movement of sodium in the direction of arrow I. C. There is increased movement of water in the direction of arrow II. D. There is increased movement of sodium in the direction of arrow II.

A. There is increased movement of water in the direction of arrow I.

The table shows the results of blood type tests on samples from four individuals. Which row represents an individual who can accept transfusions from people with blood type AB?

B

What are the type of reaction and the product(s) shown in this reaction A) condensation, two nucleotides B) condensation, one dinucleotide C) hydrolysis, two nucleotides D) hydrolysis, one dinucleotide

B) condensation, one dinucleotide

What is the expected direction of movement of the fluid at X and the function of the fluid at Y?

Up, absorbe CO2

The electron micrograph shows a section through a cell Which feature of the cell in the micrograph is consistent with the endosymbiotic theory? A. X has a single membrane. B. Y has a double membrane. C. X contains 70S ribosomes. D. Y contains 80S ribosomes.

X contains 70S ribosomes.

The micrograph is of a longitudinal section through the small intestine. Which letter represents the circular muscle layer?

c

In the pedigree chart, individuals affected by a genetic disease are shown as shaded symbols. Squares represent males and circles females. What is the mode of inheritance of the genetic disease? A. Inherited as a dominant autosomal allele B. Inherited as a recessive autosomal allele C. Inherited as a recessive sex-linked allele D. Inherited as a dominant sex-linked allele

A. Inherited as a dominant autosomal allele

Water has a specific heat capacity of 4.2 J g-1 K-1 at room temperature, a latent heat of vaporization equal to 2257 J g-1, and a boiling point of 100 °C. What are the specific heat capacity, latent heat of vaporization and boiling point of methane?

A

The image shows a polysome in a bacterial cell. How many genes have been transcribed? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

A. 1

A cell was placed into a solution containing a dye. After two hours the concentration of the dye inside the cell was higher than in the solution. This was repeated in the presence of a substance that inhibits ATP. In this case the dye did not enter the cell. What is the probable mechanism by which the dye entered the cell? A. Active transport B. Simple diffusion C. Osmosis D. Facilitated diffusion

A. Active transport

Which organisms produce methane in anaerobic environments such as waterlogged soils? A. Archaea B. Fungi C. Eukaryotes D. Eubacteria

A. Archaea

The graph shows the percentage of stomata that are open in two different species of plants over a 24-hour period. What does this graph show about plants X and Y? A. Plant X absorbs most carbon dioxide at night. B. Plant Y is adapted to desert conditions. C. Plant X photosynthesises most at midday. D. Plant Y only respires during the day.

A. Plant X absorbs most carbon dioxide at night.

The first enzyme in the metabolic pathway that produces isoleucine is threonine deaminase. Which graph illustrates the relationship between threonine deaminase activity andthreonine concentration?

B

The grey line in each of the graphs below represents the rate of reaction catalysed by an uninhibited enzyme as substrate concentration is increased. Which graph shows expected results if a competitive inhibitor was added to the reaction?

B

What explains the difference between the traces at regions X and Y on the graph? A) At X, the internal intercostal muscles contract more than the external intercostal muscles. B) At Y, the ribcage moves up and out more than at X. C) At X, the diaphragm flattens more per breath than at Y. D) At Y, the intercostal muscles contract more slowly than at X.

B) At Y, the ribcage moves up and out more than at X.

The diagram shows a section through a thylakoid. Electrons move from X to Y. What do the letters X, Y and Z represent? A) photosystem I, photosystem II, thylakoid space B) photosystem II, photosystem I, thylakoid space C) ATP synthase, photosystem II, stroma D) photosystem II, ATP synthase, stroma

B) photosystem II, photosystem I, thylakoid space

What can attach to the region marked X? A. mRNA B. An amino acid C. An anticodon D. The P site of the ribosome

B. An amino acid

In a copy of Louis Pasteur's famous experiment, broth was put into flasks as shown in the diagrams. What results would be expected with no spontaneous generation of life? A. Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flask W. B. Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W and X. C. Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W, X and Y. D. Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W, X and Z.

B. Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W and X.

What type of molecule is formed by the chemical reaction shown in the diagram? A. Dipeptide B. Disaccharide C. Diglyceride D. Cellulose

B. Disaccharide

Which process(es) occur(s) by osmosis? I. Uptake of water by cells in the wall of the intestine II. Loss of water from a plant cell in a hypertonic environment III. Evaporation of water from sweat on the skin surface A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III

B. I and II only

What contribution did the X-ray diffraction conducted by Rosalind Franklin make to our understanding of DNA? A. It identified DNA as the genetic material. B. It indicated the helical shape of the molecule. C. It showed that the DNA of eukaryotes was associated with histone proteins. D. It showed that replication was a semi-conservative process.\

B. It indicated the helical shape of the molecule.

Living organisms control pH within their tissues. What is a reason for regulating pH? A. All parts of a body must be kept at the same pH to survive. B. Many reactions can only happen at specific pH levels. C. pH affects osmosis. D. Control of active transport is achieved by pH.

B. Many reactions can only happen at specific pH levels.

What is common to RNA and DNA? A. Thymine B. Nitrogenous bases C. Histones D. Deoxyribose

B. Nitrogenous bases

The diagram shows the food web for an aquatic ecosystem in which letters R-Z represent individual species. Which organism is a tertiary consumer? A. Organism T B. Organism U C. Organism W D. Organism Y

B. Organism U

The diagram shows a neural synapse in the central nervous system of a honey bee How do neonicotinoid pesticides cause paralysis and death of honey bees? A. They destroy I. B. They bind to II. C. They inhibit the release of III. D. They block the activity of IV.

B. They bind to II.

In the diagram of a ribosome, which letter indicates the P site?

C

In the micrograph of a plant stem, which letter indicates the xylem?

C

The graph shows the changing membrane potential during a nerve impulse. Which letter indicates when the potassium channels open?

C

The image shows an electron micrograph of a fungus, Candida albicans. Which terms identify the structures labeled I and II in the image? A) Cell membrane, vesicle B) Cell wall, chloroplast C) Plasma membrane, mitochondrion D) Cell wall, mitochondrion

C) Plasma membrane, mitochondrion

The diagram shows a section through a seminiferous tubule. 8820-6001 Which labelled cells are diploid and haploid, respectively? A) Y, Z B) W, X C) W, Z D) Y, X

C) W, Z

The cladogram shows some of the groups in the three domains. What domains do X, Y and Z represent? A) prokaryote archaea eukaryote B) archaea, eubacteria, prokaryote C) eubacteria, archaea, eukaryote D) eubacteria, prokaryote, eukaryote

C) eubacteria, archaea, eukaryote

The diagram shows a section through a membrane. What are the modes of transport in the diagram? A) simple diffusion, osmosis B) active transport, facilitated diffusion C) simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion D) facilitated diffusion, active transport

C) simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion

Creeper in chickens is a condition in which the chickens are born with very short legs.The creeper allele (C) is dominant over the normal allele (c). Embryos which are homozygous for the dominant allele fail to develop into viable chickens and die beforethey hatch. What phenotypic ratio would you expect in the live offspring of a cross between two creeper chickens? A. All creeper B. 1 creeper; 2 normal C. 2 creeper; 1 normal D. 3 creeper; 1 normal

C. 2 creeper; 1 normal

Which wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is absorbed efficiently by chlorophyll for photosynthesis? A. 45 nm B. 45 μm C. 450 nm D. 450 μm

C. 450 nm

The image shows a phagocytic white blood cell as seen with a transmission electron microscope. Which features can be found both within this cell and in a photosynthetic bacterium? A. Chloroplasts B. Multiple nuclei C. 70S ribosomes D. Lysosomes

C. 70S ribosomes

The diagram shows the major events involved in the formation of a blood clot. What is Factor Y? A. Fibrin B. Prothrombin C. Fibrinogen D. Thrombin

C. Fibrinogen

The diagram shows the link reaction between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Which type of reaction is occurring? A. Pyruvate is carboxylated. B. CO2 is oxidized. C. NAD+ is reduced. D. Pyruvate is phosphorylated.

C. NAD+ is reduced.

In a coding gene, the DNA triplet in the transcribed strand is changed from AGG to TCG. What would be the result of this change in the genome? A. A non-functional protein B. A different but functional protein C. No change in the protein D. Termination of the polypeptide

C. No change in the protein

The graph shows the effect of changing the substrate concentration on the early stages of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. What can be interpreted as the rate of reaction from the graph? A. Rate of reaction increases up to a point and then remains constant. B. Rate of reaction increases linearly with increasing substrate concentration. C. Rate of reaction increases non-linearly with increasing substrate concentration. D. Rate of reaction is not affected by any change in the substrate concentration.

C. Rate of reaction increases non-linearly with increasing substrate concentration.

Yeast cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were incubated with and without glucose at three different temperatures for a period of four minutes, during which the rate of CO2 production was measured with a CO2 sensor What conclusion can be drawn from the results of this experiment? A. Yeast uses lipids rather than glucose in respiration at low temperatures. B. Addition of glucose has a greater impact on rates of cell respiration at lower temperatures. C. Rates of cell respiration increase with temperature. D. More glucose is produced at higher temperatures..

C. Rates of cell respiration increase with temperature.

The image shows a light micrograph of tissue stained with a dye that binds to the nucleic acids in a cell. What is the major purpose of the tissue depicted in the image? A. Absorption of digested food B. Production of insulin C. Spermatogenesis D. Fertilization

C. Spermatogenesis

The DNA base sequences in a gene coding for a particular protein in four different species are shown. Locations where mutations have occurred resulting in changes to the base sequences are outlined in boxes. Which cladogram shows the most likely phylogenetic relationship between the four species, based on the data provided?

D

The diagram shows the chromosomes derived from a single homologous pair following meiosis in a diploid cell. Which diagram represents the homologous pair from which these chromosomes were derived?

D

Two reactions of the Krebs cycle are shown. A) oxidation, reduction B) reduction, decarboxylation C) reduction, oxidation D) oxidation, decarboxylation

D) oxidation, decarboxylation

The graph shows three hormones circulating during pregnancy in the rat, with birth occurring at 22 days. What are hormones X and Z? A) estrogen, LH B) oxytocin, progesterone C) LH, estrogen D) progesterone, prolactin

D) progesterone, prolactin

What is the change in membrane potential from resting potential to complete depolarization? A. -70 mV B. 15 mV C. 40 mV D. 110 mV

D. 110 mV

Testing the chromosomes of a girl with Turner syndrome produced the following karyogram. The condition can result from non-disjunction occurring in anaphase I of meiosis in an egg cell. Two cells result from the first division, one of which would lead to Turner syndrome. Which chromosomes will be in the other cell (polar body) at the end of meiosis I? A. 44 autosomes and X B. 44 autosomes and XX C. 22 autosomes and X D. 22 autosomes and XX

D. 22 autosomes and XX

Which is an essential feature of the Davson-Danielli model of membrane structure? A. A phospholipid monolayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins B. A layer of protein sandwiched between two layers of lipid C. A phospholipid bilayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins D. A layer of lipid sandwiched between two layers of protein

D. A layer of lipid sandwiched between two layers of protein

Which method provides biochemical evidence that cells have begun to differentiate? A. Observation with a light microscope B. Observation with an electron microscope C. Examination of the DNA sequence D. Analysis of the proteins

D. Analysis of the proteins

Which type of chemical reaction is an example of anabolism? A. Photolysis B. Combustion C. Hydrolysis D. Condensation

D. Condensation

Which statement applies to HIV? A. HIV infects red blood cells resulting in decreased production of hemoglobin. B. HIV can be effectively treated using antibiotics. C. HIV can only be transmitted by sexual intercourse. D. HIV causes a reduction in production of antibodies.

D. HIV causes a reduction in production of antibodies.

What technique was used by John Cairns to measure the length of the DNA molecule in Escherichia coli? A. Autoradiography B. Chromatography C. Genome sequencing D. Karyotyping

D. Karyotyping

The table shows the mass of different types of fat in some foods. Which oil would be least recommended for inclusion in the human diet? A. Palm oil B. Canola oil C. Sunflower oil D. Partially hydrogenated soybean oil

D. Partially hydrogenated soybean oil

The electron micrograph shows a section through part of an animal cell. Which process is occurring on the structures labelled X? A. The Krebs cycle B. The link reaction C. Glycolysis D. Phosphorylation of ADP

D. Phosphorylation of ADP

Where are amino acids joined together to make polypeptides? A. Nucleus B. Nucleolus C. Golgi apparatus D. Ribosomes

D. Ribosomes

Which are examples of homologous structures? A. The wings of bats and butterflies B. The fins of fish and whales C. The hindlimbs of frogs and grasshoppers D. The forelimbs of primates and penguins

D. The forelimbs of primates and penguins

The system of sex determination in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) is the same as in other mammals. A chimpanzee has 48 chromosomes in the nuclei of its body cells. What can be deduced from this information? A. The sex of the chimpanzee B. The number of genes in each chromosome C. Whether non-disjunction has occurred D. The number of autosomes in a diploid cell

D. The number of autosomes in a diploid cell

The photomicrograph shows a section through a human small intestine Which statement corresponds to the labelled structures? A. X moves food along the intestine. B. Y is the mucosa. C. Y contains lacteals. D. Z causes peristalsis.

D. Z causes peristalsis.

B

The diagram shows a human heart. After a red blood cell picks up oxygen in the lungs, which sequence shows the path it could take when passing through the heart during its circuit of the body? A. I→II→III→IV B. II→I→IV→III C. IV→III→I→II D. IV→III→II→I