Biology Test 1 (HW Study)

Which items are polymers? - amino acids - DNA - muscle proteins - cellulose - simple sugars - individual subunits of larger molecules - molecules composed of smaller subunits linked together

- DNA - muscle proteins - cellulose - molecules composed of smaller subunits linked together

Classify each statement or molecule as a polar bond or nonpolar bond. - The bond btwn oxygen and hydrogen in water (H2O) - The bond btwn oxygen atoms in diatomic oxygen (O2) - electrons are not equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond - electrons are equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond - one atom has a partial negative charge, and the other atom has a partial positive charge Which statement is polar?

- The bond btwn oxygen and hydrogen in water (H2O) - electrons are not equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond - one atom has a partial negative charge, and the other atom has a partial positive charge

Classify each statement or molecule as a polar bond or nonpolar bond. - The bond btwn oxygen and hydrogen in water (H2O) - The bond btwn oxygen atoms in diatomic oxygen (O2) - electrons are not equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond - electrons are equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond - one atom has a partial negative charge, and the other atom has a partial positive charge Which statement is nonpolar?

- The bond btwn oxygen atoms in diatomic oxygen (O2) - electrons are equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond

Which items are monomers? - amino acids - DNA - muscle proteins - cellulose - simple sugars - individual subunits of larger molecules - molecules composed of smaller subunits linked together

- amino acids - simple sugars - individual subunits of larger molecules

Classify the following characteristics as pertaining to Glycogen - important for the structure of pine trees - used for energy storage in potatoes - used for energy storage in mice - highly branched - moderately branched - unbranched

- highly branched - used for energy storage in mice

Classify the following characteristics as pertaining to cellulose - important for the structure of pine trees - used for energy storage in potatoes - used for energy storage in mice - highly branched - moderately branched - unbranched

- important for the structure of pine trees - unbranched

Classify the following characteristics as pertaining to starch - important for the structure of pine trees - used for energy storage in potatoes - used for energy storage in mice - highly branched - moderately branched - unbranched

- used for energy storage in potatoes - moderately branched

Components of a triglyceride

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Look at amino model on phone

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Look at carbon drawing on phone

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Look at carbon electron model on phone

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Look at chemical reaction on phone

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Look at image on phone of the ecosystem

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Look at protein structure on phone

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Photo of phospholipid layer on phone

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diagram of mono, di, and polysaccharides

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diagram of saturated and unsaturated fats.

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diagram on phone of DNA or RNA

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How many single covalent bonds does Hydrogen generally form?

1

Place the taxonomic ranks in the correct order from the most general rank to the most specific rank. 1. genus 2. domain 3. family 4. order 5. kingdom 6. class 7. phylum

1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus

How many single covalent bonds does carbon generally form?

4

The study of Biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life builds upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the tissue different from other levels of life?

A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to preform a function.

Place these under the acidic, neutral, or basic category: bleach, pure water, vinegar, baking soda, grapefruit juice

Acidic: Vinegar and Grapefruit Juice Neutral: Pure Water Basic: Bleach and Baking soda

Classify each property of a functional group as a characteristic of the hydroxyl group (-OH), the phosphate group (-PO4), or the amino group (-NH2). Which is in the amino group? -Strongly charged -Positively charged under cellular conditions -Polar and forms hydrogen bonds -Makes attached molecule more water soluable -Used to hold and release energy -Forms peptide bonds with carboxyl group (-COOH)

Amino group: -Forms peptide bonds with carboxyl group (-COOH) -Positively charged under cellular conditions

Biomolecules are organic molecules that are produced by living organisms to preform a variety of functions. Classify each of the biomolecules as a carb. - glucose - tryglyceride - DNA - anitbody - starch - beeswax - RNA - hemoglobin

Carb: -starch -glucose

Put these under the category cohesion, adhesion, or both: a) Some insects can float on the water's surface due to high surface tension b) Groundwater travels upward through soil from wet to dry areas c) Water forms into a drop on a leaf and hangs down, but it does not drop d) Water sticks to the cell walls of plants

Cohesion: Some insects can float on the water's surface due to high surface tension Adhesion: Water sticks to the cell walls of plants Both: Groundwater travels upward through soil from wet to dry areas, Water forms into a drop on a leaf and hangs down, but it does not drop.

Classify the traits of nucleic acids as typical of DNA and RNA. - made of nucleotides - contains codes for proteins - single stranded - uses uracil - double stranded - Uses thymine

DNA and RNA: - made of nucleotides - contains codes for proteins

Classify the traits of nucleic acids as typical of DNA. - made of nucleotides - contains codes for proteins - single stranded - uses uracil - double stranded - Uses thymine

DNA: - double stranded - Uses thymine

Ashley hypothesizes that adding coffee grounds to the soil will help the plants grow faster. She designs a controlled experiment to determine if this hypothesis is supported. She grows one group of soybean seedlings under normal conditions. She mixes three tablespoons of coffee grounds into the soil of the second group and grows the seedlings under the same light, temperature, and watering regimen. After three weeks, she measures the height of the seedlings and compares the two groups. Identify the parts of the experiment: Experimental group, Control group, Dependent Variable, and Independent Variable. Choose from: seedlings grown with coffee grounds soil seedling height seedlings grown without coffee grounds

Experimental Group: Seedlings grown with coffee grounds Control Group: seedlings grown without coffee grounds Dependent Variable: Seedling Height Independent Variable: Soil

Phospholipids are molecules that have two regions, the head and tail, with distinct chemical properties. Classify the descriptions as characteristics of the heads of phospholipids. - interacts with water - phosphate rich - hydrophobic - nonpolar

Heads: - Interacts with water - Phosphate rich

Biomolecules are organic molecules that are produced by living organisms to preform a variety of functions. Classify each of the biomolecules as a lipid. - glucose - tryglyceride - DNA - anitbody - starch - beeswax - RNA - hemoglobin

Lipid: -beeswax -triglyceride

Classify each property of a functional group as a characteristic of the hydroxyl group (-OH), the phosphate group (-PO4), or the amino group (-NH2). Which is in the phosphate group? -Strongly charged -Positively charged under cellular conditions -Polar and forms hydrogen bonds -Makes attached molecule more water soluable -Used to hold and release energy -Forms peptide bonds with carboxyl group (-COOH)

Phosphate group: -Strongly charged -Used to hold and release energy

Biomolecules are organic molecules that are produced by living organisms to preform a variety of functions. Classify each of the biomolecules as a Protein. - glucose - tryglyceride - DNA - anitbody - starch - beeswax - RNA - hemoglobin

Protein: -hemoglobin -antibody

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does a neutrally charged hydrogen atom have? Use the periodic table of Hydrogen to answer the question.

Protons: 1 Neutrons: 0 Electrons: 1

Classify the traits of nucleic acids as typical of RNA. - made of nucleotides - contains codes for proteins - single stranded - uses uracil - double stranded - Uses thymine

RNA: - single stranded - uses uracil

Saturated or Unsatrated? -Chocolate, solid at room temp, derived from a seed.

Saturated

Saturated or Unsaturated? -Butter, solid at room temp, often used in cooking.

Saturated

In sugar water which is the solute and solvent?

Sugar=Solute Water=Solvent

Phospholipids are molecules that have two regions, the head and tail, with distinct chemical properties. Classify the descriptions as characteristics of the tails of phospholipids. - interacts with water - phosphate rich - hydrophobic - nonpolar

Tails: - hydrophobic - nonpolar

Classify each property of a functional group as a characteristic of the hydroxyl group (-OH), the phosphate group (-PO4), or the amino group (-NH2). Which is in the Hydroxyl group? -Strongly charged -Positively charged under cellular conditions -Polar and forms hydrogen bonds -Makes attached molecule more water soluable -Used to hold and release energy -Forms peptide bonds with carboxyl group (-COOH)

The Hydroxyl group: -Polar and forms hydrogen bonds -Makes attached molecule more water soluable

Saturated or Unsaturated? -Olive oil, which is liquid at room temp, is used in cooking pasta.

Unsaturated

Saturated or Unsaturated? -The oil inside flaxseed oil pills, liquid at room temp.

Unsaturated

What is a peptide bond? a) A covalent bond formed when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with an amino group of a different molecule. b) A covalent bond formed when a nitrogen atom in one molecule reacts with an oxygen atom in a different molecule. c) An ionic bond formed when the hydroxyl group of one molecule reacts with an amino group of a different molecule. d) an ionic bond formed when a nitrogen atom in one molecule reacts with a carbon atom in a different molecule.

a) A covalent bond formed when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with an amino group of a different molecule.

The study of Biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life builds upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the population level different from the other levels of life? a) A population is a group of interacting individuals from one species that inhabit the same geographic area b) A population is a collection of molecules and reactions that form the basic unit of all living things c) A population is a collection of all the organisms living and potentially interacting in the same geographic area d) A population is an individual living thing, such as bacterium, fungus, protist, or animal.

a) A population is a group of interacting individuals from one species that inhabit the same geographic area

Which statements are examples of hypotheses? (multiple answers) a) A scientist predicts that the DNA molecule of the virus contains its genetic material b) A scientist observes that viruses are composed of a DNA molecule contained in a protein shell c) A scientist predicts that the protein shell of the virus contains its genetic material d) A scientist concludes that some viruses contain DNA within their protein shells

a) A scientist predicts that the DNA molecule of the virus contains its genetic material c) A scientist predicts that the protein shell of the virus contains its genetic material

The study of Biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life builds upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the organ system level different from the other levels of life? a) An organ system is a group of multiple organs that work together to preform vital functions for the organism b) An organ system is a collection of molecules and reactions that form the basic unit of all living things c) An organ system is a group of similar cells that work together to preform a function d) An organ system is a collection of several tissues that interact to preform specific functions

a) An organ system is a group of multiple organs that work together to preform vital functions for the organism

Why is carbon so prevalent in biological molecules, such as carbohydrates? a) Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds with other atoms b) Carbon can share electrons with hydrogen to form hydrocarbons c) Carbon is one of the rarest elements on earth d) Carbon- based molecules tend to be extremely unstable e) Carbon-based molecules can take on a number of different structures

a) Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds with other atoms b) Carbon can share electrons with hydrogen to form hydrocarbons e) Carbon-based molecules can take on a number of different structures

Which statements accurately describes the polarity and electronegativity of water? (multiple answers) a) Covalent bonds in a water molecule bind its oxygen atom to its two hydrogen atoms b) The oxygen atom in a water molecule is strongly electronegative c) A water molecule is polar, but it has no set charge d) Strong covalent bonds are formed btwn two or more water molecules e) Water has polar bonds and a linear symmetrical shape, so it is polar

a) Covalent bonds in a water molecule bind its oxygen atom to its two hydrogen atoms b) The oxygen atom in a water molecule is strongly electronegative c) A water molecule is polar, but it has no set charge

Which example illustrates how the property of ice floating on water supports life on Earth? (multiple answers) a) Ice provides arctic an antarctic animals with a land habitat b) Aquatic animals can survive when the surface of water freezes c) Ice affects aquatic habitats at all depths equally d) The habitat for arctic and antarctic predators is lost during winter

a) Ice provides arctic an antarctic animals with a land habitat b) Aquatic animals can survive when the surface of water freezes

The scientific method is a set of techniques for gaining new knowledge about the world in which we live. However, these techniques come with a rigid set of rules that are sometimes misinterpreted. Identify the statements that accurately describe science and the scientific method: (multiple answers) a) Scientific theories can be made obsolete by new experiments or observations b) Science is a process that is not limited by the types of questions it can answer c) Science is a process that is limited to answering questions about the natural world d) Scientific findings are based on carefully tested and scrutinized observations e) Scientific theories are concrete and indisputable explanations for natural phenomena f) Scientific findings can always be relied upon as fact

a) Scientific theories can be made obsolete by new experiments or observations c) Science is a process that is limited to answering questions about the natural world d) Scientific findings are based on carefully tested and scrutinized observations

Water accounts for 60-90% of the mass of every cell, and it dissolves many substances that are used or produced in cellular chemical reactions. Although it does not dissolve all substances, water is sometimes called the universal solvent. Which property of water contributes to its ability to dissolve most molecules in the cell? a) Water has polar bonds and is a polar molecule b) The specific gravity of water in the body is near 1 c) Pure water has neutral pH, close to anything physiological pH d) The atoms in water are held together by ionic bonds

a) Water has polar bonds and is a polar molecule

Why does oil not dissolve in water? (multiple answers) a) Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and exclude oil molecules b) Oil is less dense than water, which causes it to separate from water instead of dissolving c) Hydrogen bonds form btwn oil molecules, causing them to aggregate d) Water molecules do not form strong attractions to nonpolar molecules, like the ones in oil

a) Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and exclude oil molecules d) Water molecules do not form strong attractions to nonpolar molecules, like the ones in oil

Arrange the levels of body organization from the simplest (less organization) to the most complex (more organization). a) molecule b) cell c) atom d) organ e) tissue f) organism g) organ system

a) atom b) molecule c) cell d) tissue e) organ f) organ system g) organism

When cells link monomers togetehr to create polymers, which process is used to make the monomers form bonds with each other? a) dehydration b) acidification c) evaporation d) cohesion e) hydrolysis

a) dehydration

Which is a theory? (multiple answers) a) scientists develop a well-tested and reliable explanation based on numerous reliable studies b) a researcher suggests an untested explanation that attempts to explain something he or she observed c) A plant researcher thinks that increasing the amount of nitrogen in a fertilizer mix will improve the plant growth d) Based on overwhelming evidence, researchers conclude that infectious disease is spread by the micro organisms e) An ornithologist suspects that more young birds will survive in years when caterpillars are an abundant food source

a) scientists develop a well-tested and reliable explanation based on numerous reliable studies d) Based on overwhelming evidence, researchers conclude that infectious disease is spread by the micro organisms

Carbohydrates, or saccharides, are classified into three main types according to their structure: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Identify the pair of polysaccharides. a) starch and glycogen b) sucrose and galactose c) glucose and starch d) glycogen and lactose

a) starch and glycogen

Select all the domains of life: (multiple answers) a) Plantae b) Archaea c) Fungi d) Anamalia e) Bacteria f) Eukarya

b) Archaea, e) bacteria, and f) Eukarya

Which is a hypothesis? (multiple answers) a) scientists develop a well-tested and reliable explanation based on numerous reliable studies b) a researcher suggests an untested explanation that attempts to explain something he or she observed c) A plant researcher thinks that increasing the amount of nitrogen in a fertilizer mix will improve the plant growth d) Based on overwhelming evidence, researchers conclude that infectious disease is spread by the micro organisms e) An ornithologist suspects that more young birds will survive in years when caterpillars are an abundant food source

b) a researcher suggests an untested explanation that attempts to explain something he or she observed c) A plant researcher thinks that increasing the amount of nitrogen in a fertilizer mix will improve the plant growth e) An ornithologist suspects that more young birds will survive in years when caterpillars are an abundant food source

Consider the elements, listed, found in the human body. Which two are major components, making up at least 3% each of the human body? (multiple answers) a) zinc b) carbon c) cobalt d) nitrogen e) magnesium

b) carbon d) nitrogen

What property of water molecules leads to the high surface tension of liquid water? a) breaking of covalent bonds btwn water molecules b) formation of hydrogen bonds btwn water molecules c) the small size of water molecules d) the strong affinity of water molecules for air

b) formation of hydrogen bonds btwn water molecules

Carbohydrates, or saccharides, are classified into three main types according to their structure: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Identify the pair of monosaccharides. a) starch and lactose b) glucose and fructose c) sucrose and glucose d) galactose and cellulose

b) glucose and fructose

The study of Biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life builds upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the community level different from the other levels of life? a) A community is a collection of molecules and reactions that form the basic unit of all living things b) A community is a group of interacting individuals from one species that inhabit the same geographic area. c) A community is a collection of all the organisms living and potentially interacting in the same geographic area. d) A community is a group of multiple organs that work together to preform vital functions for the organism.

c) A community is a collection of all the organisms living and potentially interacting in the same geographic area.

How does a dehydration reaction differ from a hydrolysis reaction? (multiple answers) a) Monomers dissolve in water in hydrolysis, and water evaporates from monomers in dehydration b) Hydrolysis joins monomers into polymers, and dehydration breaks polymers into monomers c) Dehydration creates polymers by joining monomers, and hydrolysis splits polymers into monomers d) A water molecule is removed during dehydration and added in hydrolysis

c) Dehydration creates polymers by joining monomers, and hydrolysis splits polymers into monomers d) A water molecule is removed during dehydration and added in hydrolysis

In 1913, the chemist Niels Bohr suggested a model for the structure of the atom. He proposed that electrons travel around the nucleus in well-defined orbits. He collected data of the atomic emission spectrum for the Hydrogen atom and extended it to a model for other atoms. By 1925, scientists proposed a new kind of mechanics called quantum physics and more advanced research was conducted on atoms larger than hydrogen. New data and conclusions led to a more accurate model of electron motion. A new theory for the model of the atom was accepted, refining Bohr's model of the atom. Based on the history of the model of the atom, which statement about scientific history is true? a) Scientific theories are proven wrong when new data and conclusions are revealed b)Scientific ideas a judged democratically based on popularity c) Further scientific results may be used to modify, dispute, or even falsify a theory d) Not enough evidence supported Bohr's model, so it was a hypothesis rather than a theory

c) Further scientific results may be used to modify, dispute, or even falsify a theory

Carbohydrates, or saccharides, are classified into three main types according to their structure: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Identify the pair of disaccharides. a) starch and sucrose b) lactose and glucose c) lactose and sucrose d) galactose and cellulose

c) lactose and sucrose

In a cup of instant coffee with coffee powder and water which is the solute and solvent?

coffee powder= solute water= solvent

The study of Biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life builds upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the cellular level different from the other levels of life? a) A cell is a group of multiple organs that work together to preform vital functions for the organism b) A cell is a collection of several tissues that interact to preform specific functions c) A cell is an individual living thing, such as bacterium, fungus, protist, plant or animal d) A cell is a collection of molecules and reactions that form the basic unit of all living things

d) A cell is a collection of molecules and reactions that form the basic unit of all living things

Brendan frequently comes home from soccer practice with muddy socks. Previous pretreatment techniques (such as presoaking in bleach) have not worked to remove mud stains by pretreating with the product for 24 hours. Brendan was tired of wearing stained socks and hypothesized that the new product would get the mud stains out of his soccer socks. Which statement describes the best experimental design to test the new products effectiveness? a) Test old socks, stained previously, by pretreating one sock for 24 hours while leaving the other sock untreated. b) Test new socks, worn once to soccer, by pretreating one sock first with bleach and then new product for 24 hours while leaving the other sock untreated. c) Test new shorts and T-shirt, worn to soccer, by pretreating the T-shirt for 24 hrs while leaving the shorts untreated. d) Test new socks, worn once to soccer, by pretreating one sock for 24 hrs while leaving the other sock untreated.

d) Test new socks, worn once to soccer, by pretreating one sock for 24 hrs while leaving the other sock untreated.

If the solid form of most molecules is heavier than the liquid form, why does ice float? a) Water molecules are arranged closer together when frozen than in liquid form b) A water molecule is larger in the liquid form than the solid form c) Frozen water molecules repel water molecules that are in liquid states d) The crystalline structure of ice is less dense than liquid water

d) The crystalline structure of ice is less dense than liquid water

What effect do valence electrons have on the reactivity of elements? a) Any element can react with other elements if it has a complete set of electrons in its outermost shell b) Elements become able to react with other elements when their innermost shell has acquired two electrons c) Two elements can react with each other when the electrons in their outermost shells have become positively charged d) The way elements can react with each other is determined by the number of electrons in their outermost shells

d) The way elements can react with each other is determined by the number of electrons in their outermost shells

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. Like other polymers, nucleic acids are made up of repreating units called monomers. What are the monomers, or building blocks, of nucleic acids? a) monosaccharides b) amino acids c) fatty acids d) nucleotides

d) nucleotides

Which statement describes a functional group? a) A small and unreactive part of a larger moleule b) The backbone of a macromolecule, such as carbohydrate c) Any molecule that can participate in a chemical reaction d) part of a larger molecule that can participate in a chemical reaction

d) part of a larger molecule that can participate in a chemical reaction

Which example best represents the control for Brendan's experiment? a) bleach pretreatment b) untreated shorts c) pretreated new sock d) untreated new sock

d) untreated new sock

Which process is used to break down polymers into monomers? a) adhesion b) dehydration c) dissolution d) evaporation e) hydrolysis

e) hydrolysis

In an oil based paint thinned with paint thinner (mineral spirits) which is the solute and which is the solvent?

mineral spirits=solvent paint=solute

Biomolecules are organic molecules that are produced by living organisms to preform a variety of functions. Classify each of the biomolecules as a nucleic acid. - glucose - tryglyceride - DNA - anitbody - starch - beeswax - RNA - hemoglobin

nucleic acid: -DNA -RNA

During cellular respiration, the cell forms CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H20 (water) by breaking down C6H12O6 (glucose) and 02 (oxygen). Classify the molecules as reactants or products in the chemical reaction. What are the reactants?

oxygen and glucose

Trace elements make up a a __________ percentage of the elements found in living organisms and are __________ for normal metabolic function.

small critical

In a cup of soda water consisting of water and carbon dioxide which is the solute and solvent?

solute= carbon dioxide solvent= water

During cellular respiration, the cell forms CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H20 (water) by breaking down C6H12O6 (glucose) and 02 (oxygen). Classify the molecules as reactants or products in the chemical reaction. What are the products?

water and carbon dioxide