Biology Unit 3 Quiz 2
vacuoles
Glucose is stored in _________________________ within the cell.
pinocytosis
transports proteins, nucleic acids facilitated
active transport
transports sodium, potassium
plasma membrane
phospholipid and protein
cleavage furrow
The pinching in of the animal cell during cell division
endoplasmic reticulum
channel through which molecules move in cytoplasm
nucleus
contain genes with the information controlling cell
mitochondria
supply the cell with energy (ATP)
facilitated diffusion
transports glucose, amino acids
True
A gene is a subunit of information within a chromosome. True False
photosynthesis
A process in green plants which involves the use of the sun's energy
higher
The concentration of K+ within a cell is required to be the ___________________ than the external concentration.
lower
The concentration of Na+ within a cell is required to be ______________ than the external concentration.
cell wall
cellulose
phagocytosis
a child eating a doughnut
passive diffusion
oxygen, carbon dioxide
hypertonic
A higher salt concentration than inside the cell
gametes
The reproductive cells in sexual reproduction
mitochondria
The Krebs cycle takes place within the : mitochondria cytoplasm lysosome vacuole
osmosis
The passage of water through a semipermeable membrane is called ____________________________
low
The relative concentration of water in a hypertonic solution is: equal high stable low
phagocytosis
cell engulfs microorganisms in cell "eating"
lysosomes
digest foods
hypertonic solution
higher salt concentration than inside the cell
plant cell
large hypertonic vacuole
hypo
less than, low
hypotonic solution
lower salt concentration than inside the cell
animal cell
no cell wall, only plasma membrane
centrioles
play a role in the formation of the spindle during cell division
vacuoles
store glucose as glycogen
starch glycogen
Glucose is one of the simple sugars in the long chain ________________ polymer, and animal cells store it is as _______________________ .
proteins
Glucose will pass through a cell membrane with the aid of ______________________
constant
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a ____________________ internal environment by the body.
False
The cell mechanism of "active transport" involves the transport of insoluble chemicals across the membrane with protein acting as the carrier. True False
mother cell
The cell that is about to undergo binary fission
True
The cell wall of a plant is like a laminated two layer structure. True False
False
The cell wall of a plant is made from phospholipids and cellulose. True False
ATP
The complete process which is needed to produce _______ is called the Krebs cycle.
osmosis
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
chromosomes
round structure within the cell
glucose
Blood sugar used by the cells in the production of energy
mitochondria
Structure within the cell responsible for the production of energy
secretion
Substances produced by the Golgi bodies
produces more ATP than glycolysis produces water produces carbon dioxide needs oxygen
The Krebs Cycle: produces pyruvic acid produces more ATP than glycolysis produces water produces carbon dioxide needs oxygen
it contains coded information
What characteristic is completely unique about DNA? it is a coiled molecule it is made of numerous subunits it is a complex molecule it contains coded information
changes ADP to ATP adds a phosphate to ADP
What is the function of the energy released by the mitochondrion? changes ATP to ADP adds a phosphate to ATP changes ADP to ATP adds a phosphate to ADP powers photosynthesis
pinocytosis
a woman drinking tea
the product of ATP decomposition
The energy required for the mechanism of "active transport" comes from: the product of ATP decomposition the reactants which yield ATP photosynthesis cytokinesis
plastids
contain starch and oil or plant pigments
nucleolus
produce r-RNA to make ribosomes
the type and sequence of molecules along each strand
In what form is coded information found in DNA? the type and sequence of molecules along each strand letters of the alphabet no one knows each chromosome "spells" out a particular trait
False
Science has shown how information can only be gathered by the known laws of physics and chemisty. True False
when the molecules are insoluble
When is facilitated diffusion necessary? when the molecules are too large when the molecules are insoluble when the direction of movement is opposite to natural diffusion none of the above
passive diffusion
a crowded roomful of people gradually standing up, wandering around, and leaving the room
isotonic solution
cell stays the same
the double strand is twisted and coiled
How is all the information contained in the DNA molecule able to fit in the nucleus? the genes are packed into chromosomes the double strand is twisted and coiled it is broken into microscopic segments no one knows
animal cell
cleavage furrow plus centrioles in cell division
equal
The relative concentration of water in an isotonic solution is: high equal low stable
pinocytosis
cell engulfs molecules in cell "drinking"
inner randomly
The primary cell wall is the _______________ layer made of __________________________ arranged cellulose fibers.
facilitated diffusion
a dog pulled on a wagon through a spring loaded door
meiosis
The process involving the division of the nucleus in a reproductive cell
cell wall
gives strength to cell
stasis
stable
ribosomes
tiny structures which synthesize proteins
iso
same
glycogen
Chain molecule made of many glucose molecules linked together
bilayer
Having two layers
pyruvic acid
The end product of glycolysis in the breakdown of glucose
diffusion
The natural tendency of molecules to move from higher to lower concentrations is: ____________________
daughter cell
The new cells resulting from the division of the mother cell
nucleoli
Ribosomal RNA is produced by: mitochondria lysosomes Golgi bodies nucleoli
False
Cell division of both plants and animals is an identical process. True False
lysosome
Packets within the cell cytoplasm that contain digestive enzymes
Golgi bodies
Involved in producing and packaging secretions
amino acid
The chemical unit or building block of protein
hypotonic solution
cell bursts
plasma membrane
selective membrane
True
An example of homeostasis in the human body is the glucose, pH, CO2 concentration in the blood being kept constant. True False
permeable membrane
Any molecule can pass through without hindrance
False
It would appear logical that the first cell could have started to function from one organelle having formed by accident. True False
genes
Segments of DNA contained on chromosomes
cytokinesis
Causes the separation of the cytoplasm
isotonic
The same salt concentration as inside the cell
isotonic solution
same salt concentration as inside the cell
adenosine triphosphate
It serves as an energy source for the cell
enzymes
Lysosomes are able to help digest the food material in the vacuole because they contain ___________________ that they spill into the vacuole.
r-RNA
Makes up the structure of the ribosomes
cellulose
Material which makes up the structure of the cell wall
plant cell
presence of cell wall
plants
The source of stored energy in the form of food for all animals and humans ultimately comes from: plants ATP in its cells sun other animals
lactic acid
The substance produced by body cells when there is not enough oxygen
solar
The ultimate source of energy for starting the food chain is: starch ATP in cells glucose solar
active transport
molecules "pumped" in or out from low to high concentration
chromosome
A major unit of the genetic code is called a(n): gamete RNA genome chromosome
chloroplast
A packet of chlorophyll arranged in stacks within a plant cell
False
A plant cell does not have a plasma membrane like animal cells. True False
False
A plant cell will become soggy and limp when it is filled with water. True False
cell plate
A septum which forms to separate the two new plant cells
semipermeable membrane
Allows some molecules to pass through but excludes others
endoplasmic reticulum
An interconnected series of tubes in the cytoplasm is called the ______________________________________________________________________________. centrioles mitochondria golgi body endoplasmic reticulum
carbohydrates
Cells in a person's body obtain glucose from the digestion of _____________________________________________________
chlorophyll
Chloroplasts contain colorless _______________________________, necessary for photosynthesis by green plants.
nucleus
DNA is located within the: ribosomes nucleoli endoplasmic reticulum nucleus
gene
Each physical trait of an organism is produced by the instruction of a particular ___________. book gene chromosome DNA
water would flow out of your body cells your blood would become hypertonic the concentration of water in your blood would decrease
If you were stranded on the ocean in a raft, what would happen if you kept drinking ocean water? your blood would become hypotonic water would flow out of your body cells the excess water would flow into your cells your blood would become hypertonic the concentration of water in your blood would increase the concentration of water in your blood would decrease
fermentation
Involves the production of ethyl alcohol from glucose
False
Ribosomal RNA is produced in the cytoplasm. True False
chromosome
Rod-shaped structure contains the genes
chlorophyll
Serves to trap the sun's energy for photosynthesis
organelles
Subunits within the cells that perform specific functions are called ____________________________
ribosomes
The _________________________ are responsible for linking amino acids together. lysosomes centrioles ribosomes vacuoles
C6H12O6+O2=CO2+H20+energy
The chemical reaction that occurs within the mitochondrion.
ADP+P+energy=ATP
The chemical reaction which allows the cell to store chemical energy.
ATP=ADP+P+energy
The chemical reaction which occurs within the cell when it needs energy.
intelligent design
The enormous complexity of cells supports the theory of _____________________________________________________________________________
spindle
The fibers which direct the even distribution of chromosomes
glycolysis
The first step in the chemical breakdown of glucose
cell cement
The intercellular material that holds plant cells together
mitosis
The process involving the division of the nucleus of a body cell
6CO2+12H20=chlorophyll=C6H12O6+6O2+6H20
The process of photosynthesis.
release energy for making ATP
The purpose of the Krebs cycle is to: release energy for making ADP release energy for making ATP to decompose starch into glucose store energy as glycogen
outer parallel cellulose
The secondary cell wall is the ______________ layer having ___________________ layers of _______________________ fibers.
plastid
Tiny sacs in the cell which may contain starch
pyruvic acid lactic acid
When oxygen is lacking, animal cells change ____________________________________________ to ____________________________________________.
adenosine triphosphate
Which molecule has greater energy potential? adenosine triphosphate adenosine diphosphate
mitochondria
Which of the following organelles acts as the cell's powerplant? mitochondria lysosomes nuclei vacuoles
it contains 46 chromosomes each strand contains the chromosomes from one parent
Which statements are correct concerning human DNA? each chromosome contains 23 genes it contains 46 chromosomes it contains 23 chromosomes each strand contains the chromosomes from one parent
because the external salt concentration is less because the external water concentration is greater
Why will external fluid flow into a plant cell? because the external salt concentration is less because the external water concentration is greater because the external salt concentration is greater because the external water concentration is less
plant cell
cell plate and no centrioles in cell division
endoplasmic reticulum
channels for transporting molecules within the cell
plant cell
chloroplasts and plastids
animal cell
no chlorophyll or chloroplasts
animal cell
no large vacuole, only small ones
Golgi bodies
produce and package cell secretions
centrioles
produce the spindle fibers for cell division
biochemical
A chemical substance coming from an organism
nucleic acid
A group of biochemicals including DNA and RNA
protein
A long chain molecule made up of amino acids
hypotonic
A lower salt concentration than inside the cell
semipermeable
A membrane which limits the type of molecules which will pass through it is called _____________________________________________
enzyme
A molecule which serves to make reactions work
have different structures and different functions
A plasma membrane and a cell wall: have different structures and different functions have the same structure and different functions have different structures and the same function are two names for the same thing
organelle
A small structure within the cell which serves specialized functions
lower higher
Active transport requires energy because it moves molecules from a _______________ to a ____________________ concentration against diffusion.
adenosine diphosphate
Converted into ATP during glucose breakdown
False
Energy is always required to force molecules to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. True False
polar
Having slightly negative and positive charged ends
7 12
If you have two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane, one having a 7 % concentration of salt in water and the other having a 12 % solution of salt in water, the water will flow from the side with the ____ % solution to the side with the ____ % salt solution.
phospholipid
Makes up the plasma membrane together with protein
nonpolar
Not having a charge or partial charge
facilitated diffusion
Of the five transport mechanisms, which one will the cell utilize if the substance being transported is insoluble? active transport phagocytosis passive transport pinocytosis facilitated diffusion
pinocytosis phagocytosis
Of the following types of transport, which two may the cell utilize if a large molecule or organism cannot pass through the membrane? active transport passive transport pinocytosis phagocytosis facilitated diffusion
False
Sodium and potassium need to be pumped and not just travel by passive or facilitated diffusion because the cell is concentrating sodium and ridding itself of potassium. True False
homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal body environment
plasma membrane
The outer layer of a cell which acts as a gatekeeper to the cell is called the _______________________________________________________________________________
False
The phospholipid molecule has two ends, the nonpolar charged end and the polar uncharged end. True False
bilayer phospholipids proteins
The plasma membrane has a __________________ of ________________________________ with ________________________ dispersed throughout.
selectively permit or restrict substances from entering or leaving the cell
The primary function of the cell's membrane is to: prevent chemicals from leaving the cell selectively permit or restrict substances from entering or leaving the cell prevent chemicals from entering the cell provide support and shape
high
The relative concentration of water in a hypotonic solution is: low stable high equal
True
The role of protein in facilitated diffusion is to move insoluble molecules across the plasma membrane; diffusion supplies the power. True False
True
The simplest operational cell is still more complex than a computer. True False
will ions
When the required direction of transport is opposed to concentration levels, a cell _________ expend energy to force __________ across its membrane.
O 2 diffuses passively and then is converted to CO 2 CO 2 diffuses passively out of the cell
Which statement(s) corresponds to cellular respiration? CO 2 diffuses passively into the cell O 2 diffuses passively and then is converted to CO 2 CO 2 diffuses passively out of the cell O 2 diffuses passively when produced inside the cell CO 2 must be pumped out of the cell O 2 is pumped in and forces CO 2 out
out of into
Which way will water flow for the following external solutions? hypertonic: __________________ the cell hypotonic: __________ the cell
they are nonpolar and soluble
Why do O2 and CO2 pass through the plasma membrane? they are nonpolar and soluble they are facilitated by protein they undergo pinocytosis they are "pumped" through
active transport
a dog being dragged into a bathtub against its will
permeable membrane
allows all substances to pass through
semipermeable membrane
allows some substances to pass through; excludes others
hypertonic solution
cell shrinks
hyper
greater than, high
facilitated diffusion
molecules helped by protein, move insoluble molecules across plasma membrane
passive diffusion
molecules move in and out freely from high to low concentration
