Blood

Leukocytes can be partially identified by looking at their nucleus. All leukocytes have just one nucleus, but some have several lobes to their nucleus. Which of the following does NOT have a multi‐lobed nucleus?

lymphocyte

Which of the following is the greatest component of plasma?

water

Carbon dioxide binds the __________ portion of hemoglobin.

amino acid

Histamine is a chemical that causes blood vessels to dilate in an effort to increase the flow of blood and subsequently leukocytes to the infected site. Which of the following leukocytes release the most histamine?

basophils

There are five major leukocytes. Which of the following is the rarest of the five when a person is not sick?

basophils

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. How many oxygen atoms can one erythrocyte transport?

1 billion

Leukocytes make up less than 0.5% of whole blood; however, of that small value approximately __________ are lymphocytes.

20‐25%

Which of the following leukocytes have the ability to produce antibodies?

B lymphocytes

Neutrophils are attracted to the site of an infection due to the process of __________.

chemotaxis

Fibrinogen is a __________ that is transported via the plasma of blood.

clotting protein

Phagocytosis is a process where some leukocytes (such as neutrophils) can __________.

engulf and kill bacteria

Which of the following leukocytes respond when a person is allergic to something?

eosinophils

Which of the following characteristics of erythrocytes allow for the easy exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

flattened shape

The process of blood clotting is called __________.

hemostasis

Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas and binds to hemoglobin when inhaled. It creates problems because it binds to the same site as oxygen does, competing for the same binding site. This ultimately causes the erythrocyte to deliver carbon monoxide instead of oxygen to the tissues. Which of the following is the binding site for carbon monoxide?

iron

Oxygen binds to the __________ portion of hemoglobin.

iron

Most leukocytes will leave the bloodstream and function to kill bacteria, etc., often times dying in the process. These leukocytes do not return to the bloodstream. Which of the following leukocytes are the only ones that can leave and return to the bloodstream?

lymphocytes

Some of the leukocytes have granules in their cytosol that consist of a variety of chemicals involved in defending the body. Which of the following cells typically do NOT contain granules?

lymphocytes

Which of the following leukocytes do not have multi‐lobed nuclei?

lymphocytes and monocytes

The major element of whole blood is __________.

plasma

Megakaryocytes leave the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream by passing through the walls of capillaries. In the process of passing through the pores in the capillaries, the megakaryocytes fragment. These fragments are __________.

platelets

Neutrophils are referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes because __________.

their nucleus can take on a variety of shapes