BSC 303 Exam 2 Chapter 4 - Cells and Organelles
Ribosomal subunits are referred to by number and letter combinations (e.g., 70S). The "S" refers to ________.
Ribosomal subunits are referred to by number and letter combinations (e.g., 70S). The "S" refers to SVEDBERG UNITS (S), A UNIT OF SEDIMENT COEFFICIENT.
Plasma Membrane
C boundary of the cell
Lysosome
M Storage of hydrolase
The matrix is to the mitochondrion as the ________ is to the chloroplast
The matrix is to the mitochondrion as the STROMA is to the chloroplast
nucleolus
G Ribosome production
Communication between animal cells is facilitated by
Gap junctions
Which of the following processes would be most likely to occur in the Golgi Complex
Glycosylation of proteins
The pathway that a secretory protein takes from inside to outside is: rough endoplasmic reticulum, ________, Golgi complex, ________, outside the cell.
The pathway that a secretory protein takes from inside to outside is: rough endoplasmic reticulum, ER VESICLES, Golgi complex, SECRETORY VESICLE, outside the cell.
The region within the prokaryotic cell where the DNA is located is known as the ________.
The region within the prokaryotic cell where the DNA is located is known as the NUCLEOID.
Nucleus
I Information center
A(n) ---- is composed of tetrameric photofilaments
Intermediate filament
Mitochondrion
J ATP Synthesis
Golgi complex
K synthesis of complex polysaccharides
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
L Synthesis of secretory proteins
Intermediate filaments are
different in different cell types
The chromoplast is an organelle associated with
plant pigment storage
The cytosol is best described as the
semifluid substance in which organelles are suspended
Prokaryotes have ________ ribosomes with ________ and ________ subunits, whereas eukaryotes have ________ ribosomes with ________ and ________ subunits.
70S 50S 30S 80S 60S 40S
Which of the following would be attributed to a peroxisomal dysfunction?
Accumulation of a very long chain fatty acid
The methanobacteria, halobacteria, and sulfobacteria are included in which domain?
Archaea
As a cell increases in size, volume increases faster than surface area because surface area is proportional to the ________ of the linear dimension of the cell, but volume is proportional to the ________ of the linear dimension.
As a cell increases in size, volume increases faster than surface area because surface area is proportional to the SQUARE of the linear dimension of the cell, but volume is proportional to the CUBE of the linear dimension.
Which of the following organelles is not generally found in animal cells?
Central Vacuole
The extracellular matrix outside the plasma membrane of animal cells is typically composed of
Collagen and proteoglycans
Collagen fibers are to the extracellular matrix as ________ is to the cell wall
Collagen fibers are to the extracellular matrix as CELLULOSE is to the cell wall.
Experiments by Stanley Miller in the 1950s demonstrated that the first organic molecules on earth
Could have formed abiotically in a reducing atmosphere containg hydrogen, methane, ammonia
Chromoplast
D contains pigments in flowers
When the size of a cell increases, the surface area/volume ratio
Decreases
Peroxisome
E Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
Which of the following organelles is part of the endomembrane system?
Endoplasmic reticulum Gogli Apparatus Lysosome Secretory vesicle
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of
Lipids
Which of the following fundamental properties of life do viruses possess?
Metabolism and irritability
Some researchers have hypothesized that type II diabetes mellitus is caused by a mitochondrial defect. Which of the following would be the best way for them to study mitochondrial differences in fresh tissue samples from diabetic and nondiabetic mice
Mitochondria from both tissues could be isolated from other cellular components by using proteolytic enzymes to break down other cellular structures
Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from ancient bacteria. Which characterics of a free-living bacteria have mitochondria lost over time?
Motility
Chloroplast
O Photosynthesis
________ are infectious proteins that are responsible for several animal diseases, including scrapie and mad cow disease.
PRIONS are infectious proteins that are responsible for several animal diseases, including scrapie and mad cow disease.
Which of the following is least likely to be part of a cell membrane
Peptidoglycans
Which of the following organelles has only a single membrane around it?
Peroxisome
Glyoxysomes play an important role in the germination of fat-storing seeds and are considered to be specialized
Peroxisomes
Photosynthesis is to the chloroplast as ________ is to the mitochondrion
Photosynthesis is to the chloroplast as AEROBIC RESPIRATION OR ATP SYNTHESIS is to the mitochondrion
Lignin is an important component in
Plant cell walls
Which of the following is true of plant cells?
Plant cells may contain chloroplast
Kuru is a degenrative disease of the central nervous system believed to be caused by which type of agent
Prion
Which sequence reflects the locations that a secretory protein will visit on its way from its production to its secretion outside the cell?
Rough ER, ER Vesicles, Golgi complex, secretory vesicle
The ________ are prokaryotes that resemble bacteria in size and cell division but are more similar to eukaryotes in DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, and protein synthesis.
The ARCHAEA are prokaryotes that resemble bacteria in size and cell division but are more similar to eukaryotes in DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, and protein synthesis.
The ________ is comprised of the semifluid portion of the cell and contains the organelles
The CYTOPLASM is comprised of the semifluid portion of the cell and contains the organelles
Which of the following is a true statement regarding lysosomes?
The lysosome may mature from a late endosome
The similarity of mitochondria and chloroplasts to bacterial cells led to the development of the ________, which proposes that these organelles are derived from bacteria
The similarity of mitochondria and chloroplasts to bacterial cells led to the development of the ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY , which proposes that these organelles are derived from bacteria
Viruses are important in the study of cell biology because
They cause disease and are used as model organisms to study molecular biology and genetics
In which of the following properties are the archaea more like eukaryotes than the bacteria?
Translation initiation
Tubulin is to microtubules as ________ is to microfilaments
Tubulin is to microtubules as ACTIN is to microfilaments
________ are infectious RNAs that are responsible for diseases in several crop plants, such as tobacco
VIROIDS are infectious RNAs that are responsible for diseases in several crop plants, such as tobacco
The hallmark feature of peroxisomal diseases is the accumulation of
Very long chain fatty acids
Eukaryotic cells are believed to have arisen
From a symbiotic relationship between primitive nucleated cells and bacterial cells
A protein is destined to be secreted from a cell. In which organelle would you expect to find the protein just after it is produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Golgi Apparatus
central vacuole
H Turgor pressure
If the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of 100, the volume of that cell will...
Increase by a factor of 1000
Prions are
Infectious misfolded proteins that cause normal protein molecules to misfold
The main role of the central vacuole in plant cells is to
Maintain turgor pressure in plant tissue
Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Membrane-bounded nucleus
The size range of most plant and animal cells is
10-50 um
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F Steroid Synthesis
Extracellular matrix
B Support and Regulation of Cell Properties
Cytoskeleton
N Cell shape and movement of organelles
Viroids differ from viruses in that they
lack capsid proteins
The major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
Viruses are composed of
nucleic acid, protein, and sometimes lipid
Ribosome
protein synthesis
Membrane proteins may function in
receiving extracellular signal
