BSC 303 Exam 2 Chapter 4 - Cells and Organelles

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Ribosomal subunits are referred to by number and letter combinations (e.g., 70S). The "S" refers to ________.

Ribosomal subunits are referred to by number and letter combinations (e.g., 70S). The "S" refers to SVEDBERG UNITS (S), A UNIT OF SEDIMENT COEFFICIENT.

Plasma Membrane

C boundary of the cell

Lysosome

M Storage of hydrolase

The matrix is to the mitochondrion as the ________ is to the chloroplast

The matrix is to the mitochondrion as the STROMA is to the chloroplast

nucleolus

G Ribosome production

Communication between animal cells is facilitated by

Gap junctions

Which of the following processes would be most likely to occur in the Golgi Complex

Glycosylation of proteins

The pathway that a secretory protein takes from inside to outside is: rough endoplasmic reticulum, ________, Golgi complex, ________, outside the cell.

The pathway that a secretory protein takes from inside to outside is: rough endoplasmic reticulum, ER VESICLES, Golgi complex, SECRETORY VESICLE, outside the cell.

The region within the prokaryotic cell where the DNA is located is known as the ________.

The region within the prokaryotic cell where the DNA is located is known as the NUCLEOID.

Nucleus

I Information center

A(n) ---- is composed of tetrameric photofilaments

Intermediate filament

Mitochondrion

J ATP Synthesis

Golgi complex

K synthesis of complex polysaccharides

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

L Synthesis of secretory proteins

Intermediate filaments are

different in different cell types

The chromoplast is an organelle associated with

plant pigment storage

The cytosol is best described as the

semifluid substance in which organelles are suspended

Prokaryotes have ________ ribosomes with ________ and ________ subunits, whereas eukaryotes have ________ ribosomes with ________ and ________ subunits.

70S 50S 30S 80S 60S 40S

Which of the following would be attributed to a peroxisomal dysfunction?

Accumulation of a very long chain fatty acid

The methanobacteria, halobacteria, and sulfobacteria are included in which domain?

Archaea

As a cell increases in size, volume increases faster than surface area because surface area is proportional to the ________ of the linear dimension of the cell, but volume is proportional to the ________ of the linear dimension.

As a cell increases in size, volume increases faster than surface area because surface area is proportional to the SQUARE of the linear dimension of the cell, but volume is proportional to the CUBE of the linear dimension.

Which of the following organelles is not generally found in animal cells?

Central Vacuole

The extracellular matrix outside the plasma membrane of animal cells is typically composed of

Collagen and proteoglycans

Collagen fibers are to the extracellular matrix as ________ is to the cell wall

Collagen fibers are to the extracellular matrix as CELLULOSE is to the cell wall.

Experiments by Stanley Miller in the 1950s demonstrated that the first organic molecules on earth

Could have formed abiotically in a reducing atmosphere containg hydrogen, methane, ammonia

Chromoplast

D contains pigments in flowers

When the size of a cell increases, the surface area/volume ratio

Decreases

Peroxisome

E Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Which of the following organelles is part of the endomembrane system?

Endoplasmic reticulum Gogli Apparatus Lysosome Secretory vesicle

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of

Lipids

Which of the following fundamental properties of life do viruses possess?

Metabolism and irritability

Some researchers have hypothesized that type II diabetes mellitus is caused by a mitochondrial defect. Which of the following would be the best way for them to study mitochondrial differences in fresh tissue samples from diabetic and nondiabetic mice

Mitochondria from both tissues could be isolated from other cellular components by using proteolytic enzymes to break down other cellular structures

Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from ancient bacteria. Which characterics of a free-living bacteria have mitochondria lost over time?

Motility

Chloroplast

O Photosynthesis

________ are infectious proteins that are responsible for several animal diseases, including scrapie and mad cow disease.

PRIONS are infectious proteins that are responsible for several animal diseases, including scrapie and mad cow disease.

Which of the following is least likely to be part of a cell membrane

Peptidoglycans

Which of the following organelles has only a single membrane around it?

Peroxisome

Glyoxysomes play an important role in the germination of fat-storing seeds and are considered to be specialized

Peroxisomes

Photosynthesis is to the chloroplast as ________ is to the mitochondrion

Photosynthesis is to the chloroplast as AEROBIC RESPIRATION OR ATP SYNTHESIS is to the mitochondrion

Lignin is an important component in

Plant cell walls

Which of the following is true of plant cells?

Plant cells may contain chloroplast

Kuru is a degenrative disease of the central nervous system believed to be caused by which type of agent

Prion

Which sequence reflects the locations that a secretory protein will visit on its way from its production to its secretion outside the cell?

Rough ER, ER Vesicles, Golgi complex, secretory vesicle

The ________ are prokaryotes that resemble bacteria in size and cell division but are more similar to eukaryotes in DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, and protein synthesis.

The ARCHAEA are prokaryotes that resemble bacteria in size and cell division but are more similar to eukaryotes in DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, and protein synthesis.

The ________ is comprised of the semifluid portion of the cell and contains the organelles

The CYTOPLASM is comprised of the semifluid portion of the cell and contains the organelles

Which of the following is a true statement regarding lysosomes?

The lysosome may mature from a late endosome

The similarity of mitochondria and chloroplasts to bacterial cells led to the development of the ________, which proposes that these organelles are derived from bacteria

The similarity of mitochondria and chloroplasts to bacterial cells led to the development of the ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY , which proposes that these organelles are derived from bacteria

Viruses are important in the study of cell biology because

They cause disease and are used as model organisms to study molecular biology and genetics

In which of the following properties are the archaea more like eukaryotes than the bacteria?

Translation initiation

Tubulin is to microtubules as ________ is to microfilaments

Tubulin is to microtubules as ACTIN is to microfilaments

________ are infectious RNAs that are responsible for diseases in several crop plants, such as tobacco

VIROIDS are infectious RNAs that are responsible for diseases in several crop plants, such as tobacco

The hallmark feature of peroxisomal diseases is the accumulation of

Very long chain fatty acids

Eukaryotic cells are believed to have arisen

From a symbiotic relationship between primitive nucleated cells and bacterial cells

A protein is destined to be secreted from a cell. In which organelle would you expect to find the protein just after it is produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Golgi Apparatus

central vacuole

H Turgor pressure

If the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of 100, the volume of that cell will...

Increase by a factor of 1000

Prions are

Infectious misfolded proteins that cause normal protein molecules to misfold

The main role of the central vacuole in plant cells is to

Maintain turgor pressure in plant tissue

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Membrane-bounded nucleus

The size range of most plant and animal cells is

10-50 um

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

F Steroid Synthesis

Extracellular matrix

B Support and Regulation of Cell Properties

Cytoskeleton

N Cell shape and movement of organelles

Viroids differ from viruses in that they

lack capsid proteins

The major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Viruses are composed of

nucleic acid, protein, and sometimes lipid

Ribosome

protein synthesis

Membrane proteins may function in

receiving extracellular signal


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