AP2 Chapter 19

Which statement best describes arteries?

All carry blood away from the heart.

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood

Which of the choices below does not explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?

Low blood pressure is more desirable than high blood pressure.

Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.

Which of the following is true about veins?

Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.

The term ductus venosus refers to ________.

a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver

Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?

blood clotting

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.

capillaries

The hepatic portal vein ________.

carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?

emotional state

The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called ________.

hepatic portal circulation

Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?

hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

Peripheral resistance ________.

increases as blood viscosity increases

Blood flow to the skin ________.

increases when environmental temperature rises

Brain blood flow autoregulation ________.

is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist

In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ________.

is the same as capillary blood pressure

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.

muscular arteries

Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?

nitric acid

Aldosterone will ________.

promote an increase in blood pressure

Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?

rapidly falling blood pressure

Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?

renal regulation

Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?

right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium

The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ________.

shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________.

significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

The pulse pressure is ________.

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate?

the vessel selected to palpate

Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.

tunica intima

Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?

tunica intima

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

tunica media

Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?

vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone