BSC2086 ch 18 endocrine system
The endocrine gland marked with a circle is the ______.
adrenal gland
Identify the abbreviation for thyroxine.
t4
An increase in the secretion of ADH will ______ urine output.
decrease
The ovaries and testes are known as ______.
gonads
The satiety center of the hypothalamus controls ______.
hunger
The pituitary is also known as the ______.
hypophysis
The abbreviation IGFs stands for ______.
insulin-like growth factors
The abbreviation T4 stands for
thyroxine
What is the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system?
A capillary network that transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus
Which of the following is NOT a result of TSH secretion?
Decreased glucose uptake by cells
The abbreviation for triiodothyronine is
T3
The hormone that antagonizes the effects of glucagon by suppressing the breakdown of glycogen is
insulin
Which pair of hormones acts antagonistically to one another?
insulin and glucagon
The ovoid endocrine glands marked by the letter A in this illustration are the ______.
parathyroid
The ovoid glands partially embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid are the
parathyroid
The alternate name for antidiuretic hormone is ______ because of its effect on blood vessels.
vassopressin
Which hormone targets the adrenal cortex?
ACTH
Pair the pituitary hormone to its response.
ACTH Increased glucocorticoids Increased glucocorticoids ADH Decreased urine output Decreased urine output TSH Increased thyroid secretion Increased thyroid secretion FSH Sperm production Sperm production
Match the pituitary hormone with its target.
ACTH - Adrenal cortex LH - Gonads (ovaries and testes) GH - Most tissues Prolactin - Mammary glands
How is antidiuretic hormone abbreviated?
ADH
The hormone released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to low blood pressure to promote water retention by the kidneys is _____.
ADH
Correctly pair the pituitary hormone to its target
ADH - Kidneys Oxytocin - Uterus TSH - Thyroid Gland FSH - Gonads
Which hormone stimulates the release of glucocorticoids?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Identify the classes of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex. Select all that apply.
Androgens Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids
Match the pituitary hormones with the correct function.
LH Stimulates testosterone production Stimulates testosterone production FSH Stimulates production of sperm Stimulates production of sperm Lipotropin Increases lipid breakdown Increases lipid breakdown Vasopressin Constriction of blood vessels Constriction of blood vessels ACTH Increases secretion of adrenal cortical hormones Increases secretion of adrenal cortical hormones
The abbreviation for insulin-like growth factor is
IGF
identify the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Select all that apply.
Luteinizing hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone Prolactin
What is the function of ADH?
Increases water retention by the kidneys
The elongated, spongy gland located inferior and posterior to the stomach that has clusters of cells called islets is the
pancreas
Which endocrine gland, located posterior to the stomach, has clusters of cells called islets?
pancreas
The ovoid glands partially embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid are the
parathyroid glands
The gland located superior and posterior to the thalamus of the brain and attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain is the ______.
pineal
The large two-lobed endocrine gland associated with the larynx is the ______.
thyroid
Two similar hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, are generically referred to as _____ hormones.
thyroid
The effect of calcitonin is to ______ blood calcium levels.
decrease
True or false: The digestive system is the one system that is not associated with hormone secretion.
false
Describe antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
hormone released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that promotes water retention by the kidneys
This system consists of a network of primary capillaries in the hypothalamus, a group of small vessels that travel down the stalk, and a complex of secondary capillaries in the anterior pituitary. It is the ______ portal system.
hypothalamic-pituitary
Oxytocin and ADH are produced by the _____ and secreted by the _____.
hypothalamus, posterior pituitary
Which of these hormones stimulate the release of hormones from the testes and ovaries? Select all that apply.
FSH , LH
The hormone that increases gene expression and thus promotes tissue growth throughout the body is ______.
GH
Unlike the other pituitary hormones, which hormone has widespread effects on the body?
GH
Which is true of growth hormone?
GH has widespread effects in many areas of the body.
What is the endocrine system?
Glands, tissues and cells that secrete hormones
Identify the changes that occur in healthy, elderly adults due to age-related decreases in endocrine secretions. Select all that apply.
Increased susceptibility to infection Decrease in muscle mass Change in sleeping patterns Decrease in bone mass
Match the pituitary hormone to its response.
Prolactin - Milk production Oxytocin - Uterine contraction LH - Ovulation GH - Increased lipid breakdown
What is the function of prolactin?
Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to synthesize milk.
Which of the following are characteristics of the pituitary gland? Select all that apply.
Rests in the sphenoid bone Influences the secretion of other endocrine glands Secretes several major hormones
Identify the functions of oxytocin. Select all that apply.
Stimulates uterine contractions Stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands
How is thyroid-stimulating hormone abbreviated?
TSH
Correctly pair the pituitary hormones with their correct functions.
TSH - Stimulates production and secretion of thyroid hormones Prolactin - Stimulates milk production Antidiuretic hormone - Promotes reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules and vasoconstriction Oxytocin - Stimulates secretion of milk ACTH - Increases secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
Which of the following best describes the location of the pineal gland?
The pineal gland gland is located in the epithalamus.
Identify hormones that decrease in secretion with age in normal, healthy individuals. Select all that apply.
Thymosin Melatonin Growth hormone
Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens are produced by the ______.
adrenal cortex
What is the target organ for adrenocorticotropic hormone?
adrenal cortex
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are hormones secreted by the
adrenal medulla
FSH, LH and prolactin are all produced in the ______.
anterior pituitary
Identify the two hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin
The hormone that decreases the level of calcium in the blood is called
calcitonin
Which of the following are age-related changes associated with the endocrine system? Select all that apply.
decrease bone mass decease in rrsponding to drop in blood pressure sleep patterns change
Identify the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla. Select all that apply.
epinephrine norepinephrine
What is hyperglycemia?
excessive glucose in blood
Pituitary dwarfism results from a(n) ______ deficiency.
growth hormone
TSH will cause a(n) ______ in the amount of thyroid hormone produced.
increase
TRH ______ the secretion of TSH, and thyroid hormones ______ the secretion of TSH. decreases, increase
increases, decrease
Describe the location of the adrenal glands?
on top of the kidneys
What is/are the target organ/s of LH and FSH?
ovaries and testies
The hormone that stimulates labor contractions in childbirth and stimulates the flow of milk from the mammary gland to the nipple in lactating women is ______.
oxytocin
The posterior pituitary hormone that targets the uterus and the mammary glands is
oxytocin
Chemical messengers secreted by one cell that diffuse short distances and influence the activity of another cell type are called ______.
paracrine chemical messengers
Which condition would occur if a young person experienced a chronic deficiency in GH?
pituitary dwarfism
The endocrine gland frequently known as the master gland due to its control of many other glands is the
pituitary gland
The ______ pituitary gland is composed of nervous tissue
posterior
The ______ pituitary gland is composed of nervous tissue.
posterior
FSH, LH and prolactin are all produced in the ______.
posterior pituitary
This structure is composed of nervous tissue, rather than glandular tissue is ______
posterior pituitary
The anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the mammary glands to synthesize milk is
prolactin
Match the pituitary hormone to its response.
prolactin - milk production oxytocin - uterine contraction LH - Ovulation GH - increased lipid break down
Appetite is controlled by the ______ center in the ______ of the brain.
satiety, hypothalamus
Describe the location of the adrenal glands?
superior to kidneys
TSH stimulates the ______ of the thyroid hormones. Select all that apply.
synthesis, secretion
Identify the structures known as the gonads. Select all that apply.
testies ovaries
Identify the function of hormones released by the digestive tract.
they regulate the digestive functions of the liver, stomach, pancreas and intestines.
The thymus gland is located in the ______.
thorax
The gland located in the thorax, just superior to the heart, is the
thymus gland
What hormone has an effect on almost every type of tissue in the body?
thyroid hormone
TSH secretion can be controlled by ______.
thyroid hormones hypothalamic releasing hormones
The abbreviation TSH stands for ______.
thyroid stimulating hormone
The hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland is ______.
thyroid-stimulating hormone
Which two hormones are more generally classified as thyroid hormones?
thyroxine triidothyroine
What is the function of GH?
tissue growth
True or false: Increased secretion of ADH will lead to decreased urine output.
true
True or false: Thyroid hormones affect nearly every body system.
true
Which of the following are targets of oxytocin? Select all that apply.
uterus mammary glands
The alternate name for antidiuretic hormone or ADH is_______ because it _______ the blood vessels
vasopressin, constricts
Correctly pair the pituitary hormones with their correct functions.
Antidiuretic hormone Promotes reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules and vasoconstriction Promotes reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules and vasoconstriction TSH Stimulates production and secretion of thyroid hormones Stimulates production and secretion of thyroid hormones Prolactin Stimulates milk production Stimulates milk production Oxytocin Stimulates secretion of milk Stimulates secretion of milk ACTH Increases secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex Increases secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
Which hormone increases water retention by the kidneys, reduces urine volume, and helps prevent dehydration?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What are paracrine chemical messengers?
Chemicals released from one cell that diffuse short distances and influence the activity of another cell type
Correctly match the pituitary hormones with their correct functions on the right.
Growth hormone Increases cellular uptake of amino acids and protein synthesis Increases cellular uptake of amino acids and protein synthesis LH Ovulation and progesterone production Ovulation and progesterone production FSH Maturation of follicle Maturation of follicle MSH Increases deposition of melanin Increases deposition of melanin Endorphins Analgesic in the brain Analgesic in the brain Oxytocin Uterine contractions Uterine contractions
What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone?
To stimulate the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
Which two hormones are more generally classified as thyroid hormones?
Triiodothyronine Thyroxine