Business Ethics 220 Final Exam
Which of the following companies implements Milton Friedman's view of the corporate world
A company that makes as much profit as possible to ensure that the investments made by the company are successful
Which of the following exemplifies the rules of appropriate individual behavior
Alice travels to different countries for work and conducts herself according to the culture of the country she visits.
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of simple truth
Amelia believes that murder is wrong, a view supported by most people
For the accounting profession, the last resort for ethical guidance and leadership is the Code of Conduct issued by the _____.
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
Susan and Jessica are arguing over the importance of Arthur Dobrin's eight questions to be considered when resolving an ethical dilemma. Susan is of the view that these questions are apt and relevant. Jessica does not agree with Susan's view. Which of the following would weaken Susan's argument
Arthur Dobrin's eight questions are based on the assumption that there is sufficient time for the degree of contemplation that such questions require.
Which of the following best illustrates the social contract approach to corporate management
At Redder Enterprises, employees' wages have grown at a higher rate than inflation
_____ is defined as a situation where one relationship or obligation places an individual or firm in direct dispute with an existing relationship or obligation
Conflict of interest
_____ is about the way in which boards oversee the running of a company by its managers and how board members are, in turn, accountable to shareholders and the company.
Corporate governance
According to Joseph F. Keefe, which of the following is true of the major trends behind the corporate social responsibility (CSR) phenomenon
Corporations are under increasing pressure from diverse stakeholder constituencies to demonstrate that business plans and strategies are environmentally sound and contribute to sustainable development
The _____ defines a code of ethics as a central guide to support day-to-day decision making at work
Ethics Resource Center (ERC)
Which of the following actions is a step toward running a company successfully
Evaluating risk-versus-reward scenarios frequently, regardless of the company's size
Which of the following statements is true of Milton Friedman's view of the corporate world
Friedman argues that, as an employee of the corporation, a manager has an ethical obligation to fulfill his role in delivering on the expectations of his employers
The principle for resolving an ethical dilemma that considers "do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is the _____.
Golden Rule
Which of the following, according to Joseph F. Keefe, is a major trend behind the phenomenon of corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
Increased transparency of companies
Which of the following is true of the standard of corporate governance
It appears to be at its lowest level in recent business history
Which of the following is true of ethical misconduct?
It can occur even if all the checks governing a board of directors is in place.
Which of the following functions does a code of ethics perform
It clarifies an organization's cornerstones to its employees, managers, and stakeholders
Which of the following illustrates that a company has failed at implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
It does not pay all taxes related to the profitable business operations
In addition to achieving social benefits, which of the following best illustrates an example of a company effectively implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR
It fulfills all its legal obligations
Which of the following is true of the "comply or explain" approach to corporate governance
It gave companies the flexibility to comply with the governance standards or justify why they didn't in their corporate documents.
Which of the following is true of corporate ethics
It has moved from the domain of legal departments into the organizational mainstream
Which of the following statements best describes business ethics?
It involves applying ethical and moral standards to business behavior
Identify a true statement about value chain
It is composed of the key functional inputs that an organization provides in the transformation of raw materials into a delivered product or service
Which of the following is true of corporate governance
It is the system by which business corporations are directed and controlled
Identify a true statement about the corporate governance committee of a company
It monitors the ethical performance of the corporation.
Which of the following is true of the compensation committee of a company
It oversees the salaries and bonuses of the senior executives only
Which of the following is true of the CRAFTED principles of governance
It recommends creating a culture of consistency, accountability, and responsibility
Identify a true statement about a company's organizational culture
It represents the sum of all the policies and procedures from each of the functional departments in the organization
Which of the following is true of the "comply or else" approach to corporate governance
It set stiff financial penalties for companies that refused to abide by the operational standards
Spark Inc. (SI), a multinational corporation, had reported large losses in the previous financial year. To overcome these losses, the company planned to take the instrumental approach to corporate management. Which of the following best illustrates this approach
It uses its resources to enhance the productivity of employees and thus increases profits
Which of the following is true of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning
Kohlberg states that stereotypical behavior is recognized, and conformity to that behavior develops in the conventional stage of moral development
Which of the following is an example of an organization's instrumental approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
Larsen's Corp., an investment company, uses different mechanisms to increase profits and has performance incentives for its employees
Which of the following statements is true of marketing
Marketers see themselves as providing products (or services) to customers who have already expressed a need for and a desire to purchase those products
The most famous advocate of the instrumental approach model to corporate social responsibility is the Nobel Prize-winning economist _____.
Milton Friedman
Which of the following is true of stakeholders
Not every stakeholder is relevant in every business situation
Which of the following statements is true of organizational culture
Organizational culture includes the values, beliefs, and norms shared by all employees of that organization
Which of the following statements accurately explains the basic categories of ethics
Personal integrity, a category of ethics, looks at ethics from an external rather than an internal viewpoint
Which of the following is a problem with the universal ethics approach
The problem with this approach is the reverse of the weakness in ethics for the greater good
Which of the following is the most likely reason why organizations maintain their own internal auditors
To monitor the accuracy of financial functions
In what way did the "comply or else" approach differ from the "comply or explain" approach to corporate governance
Unlike "comply or explain," the "comply or else" approach did not offer corporations an easy way to avoid conforming to the operating standards
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies instrumental value
Victoria possesses half a million in her bank account
As a message to an organization's stakeholders, _____ should represent a clear corporate commitment to the highest standards of principled behavior
a code of ethics
A company is of the view that what is best for its shareholders may not be best for its employees and the community. It also believes that the most efficient means to achieve increased profits is to close its factory and move production overseas, which is not agreed upon by its shareholders. This is an example of _____.
a conflict of interest
The basic assumption of ethical theory is that
a person as an individual or community is in control of all the factors that influence the choices he or she makes
In the context of the basic categories of ethics, _____ is just doing the right thing, and it is something most people can understand and support
a simple truth
Which of the following will most likely influence the moral standards of an individual
a strict family upbringing
The _____ keeps track of a company's financial transactions by documenting money coming in and money going out and balances the accounts at the end of the period
accounting function
Bector Airlines supports relief camps in the Republic of Cadmia with donations of both money and employee-donated volunteer hours. It also provides packaged food in times of natural crises such as hurricanes, earthquakes, etc. This is an example of _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR
altruistic
In _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR), organizations take a philanthropic approach by underwriting specific initiatives to give back to the company's local community or to designated national or international programs
altruistic
Marketing professionals abide by a code of ethics adapted by the _____.
american marketing association
The code of ethics adapted by the _____ speaks about doing no harm, fostering trust, and improving "customer confidence in the integrity of the marketing exchange system
american marketing association (AMA)
The first step in the three-step process for solving an ethical problem is to
analyze the consequences
The belief that an activity is safe because it will never be found out is a common rationalization behind an employee's unethical conduct. To deter unethical behavior based on this rationalization, a manager should _____.
announce the misconduct publicly
The study of how ethical theories are put into practice refers to _____.
applied ethics
When ethical theories have to be put into practice, one moves into the area of _____.
applied ethics
The difference between intrinsic value and instrumental value is that
as opposed to intrinsic value, instrumental value refers to the quality by which the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value
Catherine, a board member of Clayton Inc., is also part of an operating committee that is responsible for overseeing the accounting policies of the company. This committee is known as the _____.
audit committee
The _____ of an organization is staffed by members of the board of directors plus independent or outside directors.
audit committee
The certification of an organization's financial statements or books, by an impartial third-party professional, as being accurate is offered by the _____.
auditing function
Organizations pursue operational efficiency through detailed monitoring of their _____, that is, how much money is left after all the bills have been paid from the revenue generated from the sale of their product or service
bottom line
_____ is the application of standards of moral behavior to business situations
business ethics
The practices of making a company's operations _____ to offset damage to the environment through their greenhouse gas emissions was initially developed as a solution for those industries that face significant challenges in reducing their emissions
carbon neutral
The research and development (R&D) department of an organization
carries the responsibility for the future growth of the organization
A(n) _____ is defined as a central guide that supports day-to-day decision making at work
code of ethics
The _____ of a company is an operating committee responsible for determining the salaries, bonuses, and perks for the CEO and other senior executives
compensation committee
The Cadbury report, established to address financial aspects of corporate governance, argued for a guideline of _____, which gave companies the flexibility to act in accordance with governance standards or clarify why they do not in their corporate documents.
comply or explain
The policy of corporate social responsibility (CSR), where doing what's best for the customers translates into what's best for the company in the long run, exemplifies the _____.
concept of doing well by doing good
When employees observe unethical behavior or are asked to do something that conflicts with their own personal values, one of the clichéd guidelines available to them is to _____.
consult the company code of ethics
In the context of ethical theories, a challenge takes the form of a dilemma in which the decision one must make requires one to make a right choice knowing full well that one is
contradicting a personal ethical principle in making that choice
Another term for corporate social responsibility (CSR) is _____.
corporate citizenship
Corporations that experiment with corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives run the risk of creating adverse results as
employees feel that they are working for an insincere, uncaring organization
The _____ approach for resolving an ethical dilemma considers which decision would provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people
ends-based
A feature of the standard of corporate governance is that it _____.
ensures that officers of an organization fulfill their obligations to their stakeholders
Exotic Crafts Inc., a handicraft manufacturing company, has an established marketing department responsible for various important functions. The marketing department is most likely engaged in _____.
ensuring that the products reach the hands of a satisfied customer
Organizations pursuing a clearly defined sense of social conscience in managing their financial responsibilities to shareholders, their legal responsibilities to their local community and society as a whole, and their ethical responsibilities to do the right thing for all their stakeholders follow a(n) _____ corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative
ethical
A situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision, but rather a right or right answer, is termed _____.
ethical dilemma
By its very definition, a(n) _____ cannot really be resolved in the sense that a resolution of the problem implies a satisfactory answer to the problem
ethical dilemma
_____ refers to a situation in which there is no obvious "right" or "wrong" decision, but rather a "right" or "right" answer
ethical dilemma
_____ looks at the information available to people to resolve an ethical dilemma, and draws conclusions based on that information in relation to their own ethical standards
ethical reasoning
According to the concept of _____, the traditions of one's society, one's personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define one's ethical principles
ethical relativism
Walter's Inc., a cement manufacturing firm, fails to meet the deadline for delivering 500 kg of cement to QuickContruct Inc. The officer responsible for the distribution and sale at Walter Inc. bribes the officer at QuickContruct Inc. to alter the date of delivery in the original contract. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated in the above scenario
ethical transgression
The King II report, released by the committee formed by Mervyn King, on corporate governance
formally recognized the economic, environmental, and social aspects of a company's activities
In the context of the value chain of an organization, _____ is a support activity
general administration
The accounting profession is governed by a set of _____.
generally accepted accounting principles
According to Joseph F. Keefe, which of the following is a major trend behind the corporate social responsibility (CSR) phenomenon
globalization
"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" explains the _____.
golden rule
The main function of a code of ethics is to _____.
guide managers and employees in making sound decisions and choices every day
Over the last five decades, codes of ethics
have been adopted by an increasing number of organizations who share them with all their stakeholders
An example of intrinsic value is _____.
health
The inside members of a company's board of directors
hold managerial positions within the company
If an employee leaves a company, the _____ department should host an exit interview to ensure that anything the organization can learn from the employee's departure is fed back into the company's strategic plan for future growth and development
human resources
The efficient management of providing payroll and benefits for happy and productive employees is looked after by the _____ department of an organization
human resources
ThinkNow is an advertising firm based in Dallas, Texas. One of its departments is in charge of the hiring process and is responsible for the orientation of newly hired employees. Which of the following organizational areas does this department represent
human resources
In the context of the value chain of an organization, which of the following is a line function of an organization
human resources management
Brendon joins Almer Inc. as the head of the research and development (R&D) team. In order to allow Almer Inc. to capture and maintain a leading position in the market, Brendon should _____.
incorporate customer feedback from market research and competitive feedback from closely monitoring the organization's competition
Which approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR) assumes that there are no external consequences to the actions of the corporation and its managers
instrumental approach
The quality by which the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value is known as _____.
instrumental value
As an internal document, a code of ethics should represent a clear guide to _____ for making good decisions and choices
managers and employees
In an organization, _____ see themselves as providing products (or services) to customers who have already expressed a need for and a desire to purchase those products
marketers
The first step in a policy of disregarding the corporate governance model is the decision to:
merge the roles of chief executive officer (CEO) and chairperson of the board into one individual.
Identify an example of instrumental value
money
One of the responsibilities of the audit committee of a company is to
monitor the company's accounting policies and procedures
A perspective of business ethics that involves recommending what should be happening in a business situation is termed _____ perspective
normative
In the context of business ethics, a _____ perspective evaluates the degree to which the observed customs, attitudes, and rules within a business can be considered ethical
normative
An argument made by the advocates of ethical business conduct about the human resources department is that it should _____.
not be the sole creator of the code
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) always assumes that a corporation is
operating in a competitive environment
The principle for resolving an ethical dilemma in which one considers the question of what would happen if everyone made the same decision as him or her is termed _____ principle
rules-based
According to the value chain of an organization, which of the following is classified as a primary activity
sales and marketing
Hoffmann Enterprises (HE), a manufacturer of industrial goods, primarily focuses on meeting the demands of the market with quality products. It also undertakes environmental protection endeavors that promote the use of renewable sources of energy. HE illustrates the _____ approach to corporate management
social contract
The _____ approach to corporate management refers to the perspective that a corporation has an obligation to society over and above the expectations of its shareholders
social contract
According to the _____ to management, by recognizing stakeholders and not just shareholders, corporations must maintain a long-term perspective rather than simply delivering quarterly earnings numbers
social contract approach
The problem with virtue ethics is that
societies can place different emphasis on different virtues
A _____ is defined as someone with a share or interest in a business enterprise
stakeholder
_____ corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the philanthropic approach to CSR in which organizations target programs that will generate the most positive publicity or goodwill for the organization but which runs the greatest risk of being perceived as self-serving behavior on the part of the organization
strategic
Society refers to a(n)
structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs
A primary activity of an organization according to the value chain is that of _____.
supply chain management
_____ serves as a support line function to key functional areas in an organization's value chain
technology / human resources management
Walter Salmon's checklist to assess the quality of the board recommends:
that there be three or more outside directors for every insider
Merging the roles of the chief executive officer and the chairperson of the board of an organization is advantageous because _____.
the board is led by someone familiar with the inner workings of the organization
The definition of corporate social responsibility as the actions of an organization that prioritize social benefit over maximizing profits and meeting legal obligations assumes that
the corporation is operating in a competitive environment
Ideally, the human resources function within an organization should be directly involved in
the documentation of disciplinary behavior and remedial training, if needed.
The Cadbury report, established by Sir Adrian Cadbury in 1992 to address financial aspects of corporate governance, addressed
the financial aspects of corporate governance
A person is focused on self-chosen ethical principles that are found to be comprehensive and consistent at the _____ stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning
universal ethical principle orientation
The stage in which an individual is focused on self-chosen ethical principles found to be comprehensive and consistent is _____.
universal ethical principle orientation
Actions placed within a strictly moral context instead of basing actions on the needs of a particular situation is termed _____.
universal ethics
Actions that are taken out of duty and obligation to a purely moral ideal, rather than based on the needs of the situation, are known as _____.
universal ethics
In the context of _____, actions are taken out of duty and obligation to a purely moral ideal rather than based on the needs of a situation
universal ethics
Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people are referred to as _____.
utilitarianism
Ethics for the greater good or _____ is an approach more focused on the outcome of one's actions rather than the apparent virtue of the actions themselves
utilitarianism
The marketing challenge is more directly aligned to the debate between universal ethics and _____.
utilitarianism
_____ is represented by ethical choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people
utilitarianism
A composition of the key functional inputs that an organization provides in the transformation of raw materials into a delivered product or service is termed _____.
value chain
_____ refers to a set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior
value system
The Greek philosopher Aristotle's belief in individual character and integrity established the concept of _____.
virtue ethics
_____ refers to a concept of living one's life according to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal
virtue ethics
If the corporate governance in an organization is poor, it _____.
weakens the company's potential and makes it less attractive to investors
Which of the following questions is identified by Arthur Dobrin to resolve an ethical dilemma
what do your feelings tell you?
A commitment to good corporate governance:
makes a company more attractive to investors.
Which of the following is the final step of the three-step process for solving an ethical problem
making a decision
The field of _____ is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong" behavior
Ethics
Which of the following illustrates a firm having a triple bottom-line (3BL) approach
Brink-T Technologies donates ten percent of its profit to charity, reduces toxic emission from its plants, and has ten percent increase in financial turnovers
Which of the following is true of business ethics
Business ethics should not be applied as a separate set of moral standards or ethical concepts from general ethics
How can companies discourage unethical behavior in their employees
By conducting regular audits and random spot checks
_____ is one of the newest and increasingly questionable practices in the world of corporate social responsibility (CSR).
Carbon neutral operations
Cathy heads the research and development (R&D) team of Anderson Enterprises. Which of the following R&D functions should Cathy and her team undertake to allow the organization capture and maintain a leading position in its market
Cathy and her team should make a complex set of risk assessments and technical judgments in order to deliver a product design
Which of the following is an example of corporate social responsibility (CSR
Dawson Inc. uses a clean-fuel technology shuttle for employee conveyance
Which of the following represents a legal accounting practice
Deferring receipts from one quarter to the next to manage tax liability
Why is it difficult for many organizations to make the transition from corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a theoretical concept to CSR as an operational policy
Delayed response in financial gains tests the commitment of those organizations that are inclined to dispense with experimental initiatives
Which of the following is a human resources function within an organization
Documentation of periodic performance reviews
The _____ of 2002 incorporates the "comply or else" approach to corporate governance
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The _____ of 2002 introduced greater accountability for chief executive officers and boards of directors in signing off on the financial performance records of the organizations they represent
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Charlotte works for an advertising agency. She is usually late in responding to e-mails and work-related queries. She has a change of attitude when she realizes that an important project she was responsible for was delayed due to similar behavior from her manager. Now, Charlotte replies to her e-mails on time. Which of the following indicates that this change in Charlotte's behavior is a result of adopting the Golden Rule
She empathizes with others when she faces a similar situation
Which of the following statements is true of a company's value chain
Supply chain management and operations are the primary activities
Which of the following statements is true of corporate social responsibility (CSR)
The awakening to CSR for most companies happened only after being surprised by public responses to issues that had not previously been a part of their business responsibilities
Which of the following principles should a company follow for effective corporate governance
The board of directors and the CEO should work together when evaluating risk-versus-reward scenarios
Which of the following statements is true of codes of ethics
The codes are structured to empower employees to make effective decisions confidently
GeoTransmit, a large multinational telecommunications company, hid from its investors the extensive debt and losses it had accumulated. Its fraudulent accounting behavior was eventually discovered, and the company went bankrupt. Which of the following statements is true of the future of GeoTransmit and its stakeholders
The different stakeholders of GeoTransmit will be affected in different ways
Which of the following statements is true of ethical relativism
The idea of relativism implies some degree of flexibility as opposed to strict black-and-white rules
In the context of the history of business ethics, identify a dramatic change that has taken place in the business environment over the past five decades
The increased presence of an employee voice has made employees feel more comfortable speaking out against actions of their employers that they feel to be irresponsible
Which of the following is an effect of merging the roles of the chief executive officer and the chairperson of the board
The independence of the board is compromised
Which of the following statements is true of ethical challenges in organizations
The main reason behind bending the rules regularly in organizations is the motive of gaining profits
What is the difference between the old social contract approach and the modern social contract approach to corporate management
The modern social contract approach aims to meet the demands of all stakeholders and the shareholders, whereas the old social contract approach was based only on economic growth
Which of the following statements is true of the social contract approach to corporate management
The modern social contract approach argues that there is an obligation for the corporation to meet the demands of society rather than just the demands of a targeted group of customers
Which of the following checks, when in place, reduces the risk of fraud or unethical behavior in a corporation?
The participants of the governance process must be made accountable effectively.
Which of the following statements describe the terms "morals" and "values
They are often used to mean the same thing
Which of the following is true of the three principles for resolving an ethical dilemma
They do not offer a perfect solution or resolution for every situation
Identify a feature of the outside members of an organization's board of directors
They may comprise the company's creditors, suppliers, or consultants
Which of the following is true of managers in an organization with good corporate governance?
They should fulfill a fiduciary responsibility to the owners.
Happy Times (HT) is an alcohol manufacturing brand that deals with several types of alcoholic beverages. HT uses social media for promoting the message of responsible drinking. It sponsors the FreeTaxi program for customers with HT membership on Christmas and New Year's Eve. It has also initiated several community welfare projects where a percentage of the profits go to the Hunger Relief Fund for Children. In the given scenario, which of the following is best illustrated
corporate citizenship
The term "_____" is best defined as the actions of an organization that are targeted toward achieving a social benefit over and above maximizing profits for its shareholders and meeting all its legal obligations
corporate conscience
The system that directs and controls business organizations is termed _____.
corporate governance
One of the primary responsibilities of an organization's _____ is to ensure compliance with the company's internal code of ethics
corporate governance committee
One of the changes that have occurred in a business environment over the last five decades is that _____.
corporate social responsibility has advanced from an abstract debate to a core performance-assessment issue
Corporate governance is the process by which _____.
corporations are directed and controlled
Henry Ford II recognized that _____.
corporations do not operate in an isolated environment
One way through which companies reduce unethical behavior in their employees is by _____.
creating and maintaining a corporate culture of trust
Amanda and Ross have been chosen to go to Ethiopia for their university's International Student Exchange Program. They read about the beliefs, attitudes, practices, norms, traditions, cuisine, and music of Ethiopia to better adapt to the place. Amanda and Ross are reading about the _____ aspect of Ethiopia
cultural
A perspective of business ethics that is a simple documentation of what is happening in a business situation is termed _____ perspective
descriptive
In the context of business ethics, the _____ perspective is a summation of the customs, attitudes, and rules that are observed within a business
descriptive
A true statement about corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives is that they _____.
do not always generate immediate financial gains to the organization
The main focus of the Cadbury report, established by Sir Adrian Cadbury in 1992 to address financial aspects of corporate governance, was on _____.
internal governance
Riley was granted the title of Doctor of Medicine by a medical school in Ohio. His parents were extremely happy and content with his achievement. The worth attached to the feelings experienced by Riley's parents is an example of _____.
intrinsic value
The quality by which a value is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes from that pursuit or not, is called a(n) _____.
intrinsic value
The Cadbury report, established by Sir Adrian Cadbury in 1992 to address financial aspects of corporate governance, recommended
it considered the impact of corporations' on the larger community
The need for certified financial documents assumes great importance for an organization when _____.
it goes public by selling stock in the organization on a public stock exchange
The "comply or explain" approach to corporate governance was problematic because _____.
its definition of what constitutes an acceptable explanation for not complying was vague
Setting up a governance system that allows organizations to be directed and controlled
leads to underpinning the integrity and efficiency of financial markets
Anderson Enterprises endorses low power distance which implies that the firm lays emphasis on a less consultative or democratic work structure. Subordinates work on important assignments and managers often socialize with them. Which of the following concepts is being reflected in the above scenario
organizational culture
Over the last five decades, corporate ethics has moved from the domain of human resource departments into the _____.
organizational mainstream
The board of directors of a company
oversees the governance of the organization
Over the last five decades, the issue of corporate social responsibility has advanced from an abstract debate to a core _____ issue with clearly established legal liabilities
performance-assessment
Over the last five decades, codes of ethics have matured from cosmetic public relations documents into _____ documents
performance-measurement
Alison Anderson, the CEO of Anderson Inc., laid the foundation for an apt professional behavior in her workplace. She is honest, aware, and sensitive and is considered a role model by young entrepreneurs. Which of the following basic categories of ethics is depicted in this scenario
personal integrity
Which of the following is one of the four basic categories of ethics
personal integrity
_____, demonstrated by someone's behavior, looks at ethics from an external rather than an internal viewpoint
personal integrity
The lowest level of moral development in Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning is the _____ stage
preconventional
Resolution of an ethical dilemma can be achieved by first _____.
recognizing the type of conflict one is dealing with
If the board of an organization is to serve its purpose in setting the operational tone for the organization, it should be composed of members who:
represent professional conduct in their own organizations.
The problem with a utilitarian approach to ethics is
the idea that the ends justify the means
The instrumental approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR) states that
the only obligation of a corporation is to maximize profits for its shareholders
In an organization, conflict of interest is most likely to occur when
the organization's product has the potential to be harmful to the organization's customers
The merging of the roles of the chief executive officer and the chairperson of a board is inadvisable because _____.
the power of the stockholders is minimized
The term "business ethics" is sometimes considered an oxymoron because
the recent spate of financial scandals portrays organizations as fundamentally unethical
Amanda heads the human resources department in Elenear Enterprises. The management has entrusted her with certain functions. Within the organization, Amanda should be directly involved in
the recruitment and selection of the right candidates for different positions
Universal ethics argues that
there are certain principles that should apply to all ethical judgments
A criticism of the triple bottom-line (3BL) approach is that _____.
there is no record or real evidence on how it can be measured
One of the common characteristics of the King I and King II reports on corporate governance was that _____.
they both incorporated a code of corporate practices that looked beyond corporations
The approach that considers a company's social, financial, and environmental impact rather than focusing solely on its financial impact is the _____ approach
triple bottom line
The fiduciary responsibility of a manager is ultimately based on his or her _____.
trust
Joe feels pressured to lie to his client to keep an important contract because of intense market competition. He feels they will never discover the truth. Joe is
undergoing a functional fixedness
