Campbell Biology; Chapter 12: Worksheet

What is the smallest number of cells needed to perform a successful DNA profile? A) 1 B) 20 C) 1,000 D) 200

20

Which of the following statements about nucleic acid probes is false? A) A nucleic acid probe is usually labeled with a radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag to help identify its location. B) A nucleic acid probe can be used to find a specific gene. C) A nucleic acid probe is a double-stranded section of DNA. D) A nucleic acid probe binds to a complementary sequence in the gene of interest.

A nucleic acid probe is a double-stranded section of DNA.

"Sticky ends" are A) DNA fragments with single-stranded ends. B) produced by the action of DNA ligase. C) always long sequences of a single nucleotide. D) produced by PCR.

DNA fragments with single-stranded ends.

A transgenic animal is A) an animal containing a gene from another organism, typically of another species. B) an animal that is the first of its kind to bear a particular allele. C) an animal in which a genetic defect has been corrected using recombinant DNA therapy. D) an animal containing genes from three or more species.

an animal containing a gene from another organism, typically of another species.

Genomic libraries can be constructed using either bacterial plasmids or what other vector? A) ribosomes B) tRNA C) bacteriophages D) human chromosomes

bacteriophages

Golden rice is golden in color because it is rich in A) chromium picolinate. B) vitamin A. C) beta-carotene. D) vitamin C.

beta-carotene.

Restriction enzymes A) cut DNA at specific sites. B) stop transcription. C) edit proteins. D) bind together strands of DNA.

cut DNA at specific sites.

Genetically modifying ________ cells may directly affect future generations. A) germ B) basal C) T D) somatic

germ

Biotechnology A) is generally considered more harmful than valuable to society. B) is a modern scientific discipline that has existed for only a few decades C) is strictly concerned with the manipulation of DNA. D) has been around since the dawn of civilization.

has been around since the dawn of civilization.

The advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin is that A) human insulin is less likely to cause harmful side effects than cow, pig, or horse insulin. B) using human insulin increases the probability that, in the future, the person suffering from diabetes can be weaned from a dependence on insulin. C) cow, pig, or horse insulin cannot keep a diabetic alive for more than three months. D) there are too few cows, pigs, and horses to provide an adequate supply of their insulin.

human insulin is less likely to cause harmful side effects than cow, pig, or horse insulin.

The number of proteins in humans A) cannot be determined because the human genome is too complex. B) is much greater than the number of genes. C) is approximately equal to the number of genes. D) is less than half the number of genes.

is much greater than the number of genes.

________ are a major source of restriction enzymes. A) Archaea B) Chief cells C) Bacteria D) Parietal cells

Bacteria

When DNA from two sources is combined into one single piece of DNA, it is known as A) a plasmid. B) recombinant DNA. C) a vector. D) cloned DNA.

recombinant DNA.

Restriction enzymes specifically recognize and cut short sequences of DNA called A) restriction sites. B) short terminal repeats. C) promoter sequences. D) sticky ends. 4

restriction sites.

The enzyme that converts information stored in their RNA to information stored in DNA is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) reverse transcriptase. D) a restriction enzyme.

reverse transcriptase.

The ________ approach to gene cloning employs a mixture of fragments from the entire genome of an organism and results in the production of thousands of different recombinant plasmids. A) T i B) shotgun C) V-protein D) A K-47 2

shotgun

When genetic variation in one nucleotide is found in at least 1% of the population, it is known as A) recombinant DNA. B) single nucleotide polymorphism. C) short tandem repeats. D) variable DNA.

single nucleotide polymorphism.

Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the basis of their A) size. B) nucleotide sequence. C) ability to bind to mRNA. D) solubility in the gel.

size

A vaccine works by A) inhibiting viral replication. B) preventing the translation of mRNA. C) inhibiting bacterial replication. D) stimulating the immune system.

stimulating the immune system.

When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, A) the bacterial genome and plasmid are inserted into the genome of the cell containing the desired gene (often the cell of a plant or animal). B) the plasmids multiply and produce the protein outside of the bacterium. C) the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation. D) the plasmids are inserted into the bacterial chromosome.

the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation.

Which of the following has not been a significant issue in the creation of genetically modified (GM) organisms? A) the fact that GM organisms cannot be modified to prevent them from reproducing once they pass beyond the experimental stage B) the fact that the protein products of transplanted genes might lead to allergic reactions C) the fact that some plants carrying genes from other species might represent a threat to the environment D) the fact that rogue microbes might transfer dangerous genes into other organisms

the fact that GM organisms cannot be modified to prevent them from reproducing once they pass beyond the experimental stage

Approximately what percentage of human DNA is noncoding? A) 49% B) 98.5% C) 99.9% D) 79% 5

98.5%

Approximately what percentage of the human genome is identical to that of a chimpanzee? A) 50.0% B) 92.0% C) 62.3% D) 98.8%

98.8%

After DNA fragments with matching sticky ends are temporarily joined by complementary base-pairing, the union can be made permanent by the "pasting" enzyme A) DNA helicase. B) DNA ligase. C) DNA polymerase. D) covalentase. 3

DNA ligase.

The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant ________ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs. A) phages B) DNA polymerase molecules C) plasmids D) restriction enzymes

DNA polymerase molecules

What is the preferred name of the technique used to determine if DNA comes from a particular individual? A) DNA profiling B) DNA scrutiny C) DNA outline D) DNA fingerprinting

DNA profiling

Which of the following statements about DNA technology is false? A) DNA technology is now used to mass-produce human growth hormone. B) DNA technology is now used to create cells that can identify and kill cancer cells. C) DNA technology is now used to produce vaccines that are harmless mutants of a pathogen. D) DNA technology is now used to mass-produce human insulin.

DNA technology is now used to create cells that can identify and kill cancer cells.

Which of the following statements about genomics is false? A) DNA technology limits genomic studies to prokaryotes. B) Whole sets of genes and their interactions are studied in the field of genomics. C) Genes from different species that have analogous sequences suggest similar function. D) The first complete genome to be sequenced was a prokaryote.

DNA technology limits genomic studies to prokaryotes.

The type of recombinant bacteria most often used to mass-produce genes is A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae. B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens. C) Escherichia coli. D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Escherichia coli.

Why is the whole-genome shotgun method currently the tool of choice for analyzing genomes? A) It is fast and inexpensive. B) It is extremely accurate. C) It is very labor-intense. D) Multiple genomes can be analyzed simultaneously.

It is fast and inexpensive.

Which of the following statements about genome sequencing is false? A) The genome of a mouse has been sequenced. B) Most of the genomes that have been sequenced to date are eukaryotes. C) The first eukaryotic organism to have its genome sequenced was yeast. D) The genomes of over 1,000 species have been completely or almost completely sequenced.

Most of the genomes that have been sequenced to date are eukaryotes.

If you commit a crime, you need to make sure that you do not leave even the smallest speck of blood, hair, or other organic matter from your body. If you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by ________, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime. A) PCR B) RFLP C) reverse transcriptase D) blotting

PCR

Which of the following statements regarding proteomics is correct? A) Proteomics is the systematic study of the full set of proteins encoded by a genome. B) Proteomics involves the complete analysis of the prokaryotes. C) Proteomics and genomics allow scientists to study life in an ever-increasing reductive approach. D) Proteomics is the study of protein interaction within a cell.

Proteomics is the systematic study of the full set of proteins encoded by a genome.

Which of the following statements regarding repetitive DNA is false? A) Repetitive DNA is identical in all humans. B) Repetitive DNA is usually repeated multiple times in the genome. C) Repetitive DNA can show great variation among individuals. D) Repetitive DNA is usually found between genes.

Repetitive DNA is identical in all humans.

What is the current standard tool used for DNA profiling by forensic scientists? A) PCR B) Gel electrophoresis C) DNA microarrays D) STR analysis

STR analysis

Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false? A) Current estimates are that there are 20,000 genes in the human genome. B) Scientists think that the typical human gene specifies just one polypeptide. C) Telomeres seem to have a structural function. D) Long stretches of repetitive DNA are prominent at centromeres and ends of chromosomes.

Scientists think that the typical human gene specifies just one polypeptide.

Which of the following genetically modified organisms has not been developed by genetic engineers (at least, not yet)? A) Transgenic rice with genes for milk proteins B) Transgenic pig with a roundworm gene that allows them to make more omega-3 fatty acids C) Transgenic salmon with a growth hormone gene that allows them to grow more quickly D) Transgenic corn with the gene for human insulin

Transgenic corn with the gene for human insulin

A nucleic acid probe is A) a virus that transfers DNA to a recipient cell. B) a plasmid that recognizes a specific DNA sequence. C) a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene. D) an enzyme that locates a specific restriction site on RNA.

a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene.

Which of the following pieces of evidence would be considered the best for establishing biological relatedness? A) pictures from family reunions B) a very close match in the DNA profile C) testimony from relatives D) birth certificates

a very close match in the DNA profile

Genome sequence analysis suggests that Neanderthals A) frequently interbred with humans. B) at least sometimes had pale skin and red hair. C) could not speak. D) are more closely related to chimpanzees than humans.

at least sometimes had pale skin and red hair.

A cDNA library differs from a genomic library in that A) genomic libraries are only stored in bacterial cells. B) the cDNA was constructed from introns only. C) cDNA libraries only contain information from genes that have been transcribed. D) cDNA libraries are more stable.

cDNA libraries only contain information from genes that have been transcribed.

The feature of "sticky ends" that makes them especially useful in DNA recombination is their ability to A) bind to ribosomes and thereby activate translation. B) allow plasmids to attach to the main bacterial chromosome. C) bind to DNA and thereby activate transcription. D) form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA.

form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA.

In the process of human gene cloning using plasmids, the bacterial plasmid A) is the source of the gene to be cloned. B) is used to insert the human gene into the bacterial chromosome. C) is cultured inside the human cell, which contains the gene to be cloned. D) functions as a vector.

functions as a vector.

During the process of electrophoresis, the ________ functions like a molecular sieve, separating the samples according to their size. A) gel B) negatively charged electrode C) positively charged electrode D) sample mixture

gel

The production of multiple identical copies of gene-sized pieces of DNA defines A) plasmid transformation. B) gene cloning. C) tissue culturing. D) clonal selection.

gene cloning.

A collection of DNA fragments obtained from the genome of one organism, inserted by recombinant DNA techniques into the genome of a host organism (one fragment per host genome), and maintained there is called a A) genomic library. B) DNA collection. C) DNA file. D) gene bank.

genomic library.

The only recombinant cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are A) algal cells. B) E. coli cells. C) yeast cells. D) mammalian cells.

mammalian cells.

DNA ligase binds A) an intron to an exon. B) exons together. C) polymerase to the promotor. D) nucleotides together.

nucleotides together.

In order for gene therapy to be permanent, A) the normal gene must first be treated with UV radiation to ensure noninfectivity. B) the defective gene must first be removed from all somatic cells. C) the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply. D) the normal gene must be added to the germ line cells.

the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply.

An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that A) the resulting DNA strand will lack introns. B) reverse transcriptase is more efficient than RNA polymerase. C) the resulting DNA strand will lack exons. D) reverse transcriptase is more efficient than DNA polymerase.

the resulting DNA strand will lack introns.

Segments of eukaryotic DNA that can move or be copied from one site to another in the genome are called A) exons. B) transposable elements. C) plasmids. D) vectors.

transposable elements.

The type of repetitive DNA composed of sequences of large repeated units is often associated with A) transcription factors. B) sex-linked genes. C) diseases of the nervous system. D) transposable elements.

transposable elements.