Career final

Today, the most popular approach to career choice reflects the work of -John Holland -Ann Roe -Jane Lovinger -Donald Super

John Holland

Holland categorized ________ personality orientations which correspond to analogous work environments. -two -three -six -Five

Six

Which of the following is NOT one of the four dimensions of career adaptability? -curiosity -control -coherence -concern

coherence

The term life space refers to what? A. our physical environment b. our personal relationships c. our economic environment d. the roles we play

the roles we play

Holland's artistic type seems to value feelings over pure intellect or cognitive ability. Which of the following clients would not be best described via the artistic typology? A. A 33-year-old female drill press operator. B. A 41-year-old singer for a heavy metal rock band. C. A 29-year-old female fiction writer. D. A 72-year-old part-time, male ballet instructor.

A 33-year-old female drill press operator.

Gottfredson's Career theory is based on -Developmental theory -Interests -Person-environment fit -Values

Developmental theory

Per Hilland's typology theory, congruence is -A good match between individual and work environment -Poorly defined personality style -The degree in which one identifies with work environment -Consistency (clients who relate strongly to many categories)

A good match between individual and work environment

The main assumption of Holland's theory and the Theory of Work Adjustment is: -Childhood learning impacts career decision making -Personal constructions are important to career decision making -A reciprocal relationship exists between person and environment -Career choice is a developmental process

A reciprocal relationship exists between person and environment

Work adjustment refers to: A. Ability dimensions (levels of work skills) B. Satisfactoriness and satisfaction C. a stable characteristic made up of abilities and values D. A worker's attempt to improve fit in a work environment

A worker's attempt to improve fit in a work environment

Counselors who support John Holland's approach believe that A. Sublimation is the major factor in job selection. B. Stereotypes cannot be considered relevant C. Four major personality categories exist D. An appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality

An appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality

According to Holland, how do types develop? -As the outcome of an interaction between gender, status, and privilege and one's personal ideas -As the outcome of an interaction among a variety of cultural and personal forces and the physical environment -As the outcome of the choices made by the worker throughout their career -As the outcome of meeting developmental stages

As the outcome of an interaction among a variety of cultural and personal forces and the physical environment

The process of self-construction views individuals as first actors, then agents, and finally ______ of their own lives and careers. -Adaptors -Authors -Architects -Advocates

Authors

According to Savickas, there are four Adaptability and Coping Attitudes that can denote a person's readiness to cope with their vocational environment. ___________ refers to an individual's anticipation of successful outcomes. -Career Collectivism -Career Curiosity -Career Control -Career Confidence

Career Confidence

____ focuses on helping individuals increase their realism in making career choices / transitions -Social cognitive career theory -Trait and factor theory -Career construction theory -Life space / lifespan theory

Career construction theory

The emerging theory that explains the processes through which individuals "construct themselves, impose direction on their vocational behavior, and make meaning of their careers" is ______. -Psychology of working -Career construction theory an the life span -Career adaptability -Counseling for work relationships

Career construction theory an the life span

According to Super, __________ refers to the degree to which an individual has a clear picture of their goals, interests, and talents. A. Self confidence B. Adjacency C. Career identity D. Consistency

Career identity

According to Super, ______ ________ refers to an individual's degree of vocational development along the continuum of life stages as well as success in coping with the demands of the work environment. A. Career maturity B. Career identity C. Career flexibility D. Career rainbow

Career maturity

The speed with which one initiates interaction with the environment is known as ______. -rhythm -Celerity -Endurance -Pace

Celerity

The process in which we eliminate unacceptable occupations as children is known as ________. a. Validation b. Narrowing c. Circumscription d. Compromise

Circumscription

Gottfredson talks about the process of adjusting career aspirations to accommodate external reality. She is referring to: -Happenstance -Compromise -Social Learning Theory -Orientation to Size and Power

Compromise

Gottfredson talks about the process of adjusting career aspirations to accommodate external reality. She is referring to: A. Orientation to size and power B. Compromise C. Social Learning Theory D. Happenstance

Compromise

Krumboltz makes reference to a person's unwillingness to pay attention to ideas or observations that could give a new perspective on faulty learning. He refers to this as: -Confirmatory Bias -Serendipity -Faulty Logic -Differentiation

Confirmatory Bias

Holland refers to the diagnostic indicator which describes the degree of fit between an individual's personality and the type of work environment the individual currently works in or anticipates entering as: -Happenstance -integration -Congruence -Alignment

Congruence

The self-concept and values of the Enterprising type in Hollands theory of vocational personalities includes all except: -Optimistic -Ambitious -Adventurous -Conscientious

Conscientious

When taking an assessment based on Holland's theory, if the first two letters in an individual's code were "IA" as opposed to "IE", that person's profile would be said to be more: -Consistent -Inconsistent -Integrated -Differentiated

Consistent

The "C" in RIASEC stands for A. Compromising B. Congruence C. Consistency D. Conventional

Conventional

Which of the following is NOT a key construct in Social Cognitive Career Theory? -Personal Goals -Self-Efficacy -Conventionalism -Outcome Expectations

Conventionalism

In the Psychology of Working Theory, which term best describes the process of attending to social inequities, challenging the status quo, and taking actions to redress injustice in society? -Marginalization -Critical consciousness -Proactive personality -Work volition

Critical consciousness

Chris works in a medical office where he is very interested in keeping records organized and easily accessible. He is the point of contact for any problems with the scheduling software and he enjoys the support of the CFO and the director of his department as well as his manager. Chris had to give a presentation earlier this month and last year he was asked to be a part of the social committee. Both of these activities were not interesting or desirable for Chris. This is a good example of Holland's concept of: -Consistency -Differentiation -Identity -Congruence

Differentiation

Satisfaction is ______ important when compared to satisfactoriness in predicting work adjustment. -Statistically more -More -Equally as -Less

Equally as

According to Super, an adult between the ages of 26 to 45 who is experiencing trial and stabilization through work experiences is in the _______ stage of vocational development: A. Trial and error B. Establishment C. Maintenance D. Assessment

Establishment

The tasks of crystallizing, specifying, and actualizing a career choice occur in what stage? A. Growth B. Exploration C. Maintenance D. Establishment

Exploration

Don recently lost the job he has had for over 20 years at the auto plant near his home. At the outplacement center where his former employer referred him for career counseling services, Don said to his counselor, "What are you going to do for me? The economy is lousy, and I have no skills. What's the point of even trying to look for a job?" Don is demonstrating: -Internal Locus of Control and External Locus of Responsibility -Internal Locus of Control and Internal Locus of Responsibility -External Locus of Control and Internal Locus of Responsibility -External Locus of Control and External Locus of Responsibility

External Locus of Control and External Locus of Responsibility

True or false: According to Super's theory, there is one ideal occupation for each individual. a. False. Because occupations are not people, no one can specify a good for a particular occupation. b. True. The purpose of career assessment is to help people discover their ideal match. c. False. People may have characteristics appropriate for multiple occupations. d. True. There is an ideal fit between a specific person and a specific job, although only a few people find this match.

False. People may have characteristics appropriate for multiple occupations.

The ability to allow a mismatch between worker needs and rewards offered by the workplace is known as ______. -adjustment -tolerance -endurance -Flexibility

Flexibility

Which theory places the greatest emphasis on childhood, as compared to the others, and does not branch into adult development? A. Bandura's B. Theory of work adjustment C. Gottfredson's D. Holland's

Gottfredson's

The researchers who first applied Bandura's theory to career choice were ______. -Hackett and Benz -Fouad and Swanson -Brown and Savickas -Lent and Brown

Hackett and Benz

Which initial question best reflects Savickas's approach? -How will you know if we are successful in working together? -Where do you picture yourself in 5 years? 10 years? -How can I be useful to you as you construct your career? -What do you want to be written on your tombstone?

How can I be useful to you as you construct your career?

Why might a counselor employ "healing narratives?" -If the client constructs hurtful stories about others that detract from the client's own stories. -The counselor would never employ "healing narratives." Only the client can do that. -If the client has constructed hurtful stories about himself or herself that get in the way of reconstruction. -If the client's background includes emotional or physical abuse.

If the client has constructed hurtful stories about himself or herself that get in the way of reconstruction.

The "I" in RIASEC stands for -Investigative -Imaginative -Intriguing -Irrational

Investigative

Which of the following is NOT true about Trait and Factor theory? -It emphasizes personal choice and its impact on self concept in the career decision making process -It is an attempt to predict future success by measuring job related traits -It assumes there is a single career goal for everyone -Personality and interests are assessed with the use of standardized tests

It emphasizes personal choice and its impact on self concept in the career decision making process

According to the Psychology of Working Theory, which person is more likely to obtain decent work? -Ben, who perceives he has few choices, has career adaptability skills, has fewer economic constraints, and experiences less marginalization. -Drake, who perceives he has few choices, has career adaptability skills, has more economic constraints, and experiences less marginalization. -Roberta, who perceives she has many choices, has career adaptability skills, has more economic constraints, and experiences more marginalization. -Jen, who perceives she has many choices, has career adaptability skills, has fewer economic constraints, and experiences less marginalization.

Jen, who perceives she has many choices, has career adaptability skills, has fewer economic constraints, and experiences less marginalization.

As a theory, Theory of Work Adjustment is particularly well suited to help people with ______. -Learning about one's interest -Preparing for retirement -Job Adjustment -Learning about the world of work

Job Adjustment

According to Hollands theory, the Investigative type would prefer to work in which type of environment: -Government Work -Using Heavy Equipment -Creating Artwork -Laboratory Work

Laboratory Work

In Super's Life-span theory, which of the following is NOT a stage of vocational development A. Growth B. Maturation C. Exploratory D. Decline

Maturation

According to Super, the series of life stages that characterize the process of change (e.g. growth, exploration, establishment, etc.) are referred to as _________________. A. Flows B. Interludes C. Maxi-cycles D. Transitions

Maxi-cycles

Contextual Approaches / Theory in career counseling often include the following intervention: A. distress tolerance B. formal assessment C. CBT D. Narrative Counseling

Narrative Counseling

In the application of the Psychology of Working Theory, there are two parts with the first one involving ______ and the second one focusing on ______. -Needs assessment; agentic action -Agentic action; needs assessment -Taking stock of the past, projecting the future -Projecting the future, taking stock of the past

Needs assessment; agentic action

Bob is a 35-year-old cisgender male who greatly values independence and autonomy in the workplace. His new supervisor has a hands-on approach and has increased supervision of Bob's work nearly 25%. If Bob continues to engage in his job and tolerate the new level of supervision, what element of the Theory of Work Adjustment is he using? -empowerment -Adjustment -denial -Perseverance

Perseverance

Holland's theory is based on the underlying premise that career choice is an expression of one's ______ -socioeconomic status -culture -intelligence -Personality

Personality

The three elements that are thought to cause career compromise are sex type, field of interest, and ________. A. Economic reward B. Need for helping C. Prestige D. Introversion/extroversion

Prestige

Helping a client understand what work means to them, their families, & their communities is associated with what theory? A. Psychology of working B. Holland C. Theory of work adjustment D. Super

Psychology of working

Which of the RIASEC "types" might be best described as "practical, modest, and traditional?" -A -I -R -S

R

John Holland is linked to what typology career theory/approach? A. Trait-and-factor theory B. Social learning theory C. RIASEC D. Life-space, Life span

RIASEC

Super's Lifespan / Lifespan theory uses the metaphor of a "Life _____" -Rainbow -Cheese board -Pathway -Mountain

Rainbow

Holland mentioned six modal orientations: artistic, conventional, enterprising, investigative, realistic, and social. A middle school counselor is most likely A. Social B. Realistic C. Enterprising D. Artistic

Realistic

The "R" in RIASEC stands for -Rational -Reactive -Radical -Realistic

Realistic

During his first session with a career counselor, Alejandro reflects that his favorite job in college was as a camp counselor. He remembers he loved working with kids, teaching them how to swim, how to use a map, and watching the joy on their faces when they mastered the obstacle course. It is likely Alejandro's Holland Code includes which letter? -I -C -A -S

S

Which of the following concepts would predict job tenure? -Satisfaction -Disequilibrium -Pay -Adjustment

Satisfaction

The degree to which an employee meets the needs of the organization is known as ______. -Satisfaction -Correspondence -Reinforcements -Satisfactoriness

Satisfactoriness

Which of the following is NOT one of Super's identified "life roles"? A. Self-concept B. Citizen C. Child D. Homemaker

Self-concept

Bandura postulated that the difference between what people know and how they act is mediated by ______. -Self-concept -self-evaluation -Self-esteem -Self-efficacy

Self-efficacy

Lena has been on her career transition journey since her technology company began downsizing six months ago. Lena is confident that she possesses the ability to plan and carry out the correct actions that will lead her to a satisfying professional life. Using the language of SCCT, Lena appears to demonstrate a high level of _____________. -Career development -Self-efficacy -Naivety -Training

Self-efficacy

The "S" in RIASEC stands for -Spatial -Stills -Social -Secure

Social

The overarching goal of which counseling model is "to help clients make a career choice that corresponds reasonably well with their work personality?" -Holland's -Social Cognitive -Super's -Gottfredsons

Social Cognitive

Overcoming barriers to choice is a significant goal of this theory A. Person-environment B. Life-span, Life-space approach C. Social cognitive career theory D. career construction

Social cognitive career theory

Which of the four stages of circumscription focuses on the development of the psychological self? a. Stage II (ages 6-8) b. Stage I (ages 3-5) c. Stage III (ages 9-13) d. Stage IV (ages 14+)

Stage IV (ages 14+)

Social Learning theory approaches focuses on all of the following except -Genetic Endowments -Instrumental & associative learning experience -Environmental conditions -Stages of career development

Stages of career development

Which two theorists emphasized that self-concept is an important part of the career development process? A. Super and Parsons B. Super and Gottfredson C. Gottfredson and Holland D. Parsons and Holland

Super and Gottfredson

Which theory has been especially influential in shaping how school counselors work with students individually, in small groups, and in classrooms to explore careers? a. Gottfredson's b. Super's c. Holland's d. TWA

Super's

The potential competencies of the Social type in Holland's theory of vocational personalities include: -Leadership skills -Laboratory Skills -Mathematical Skills -Teaching skills

Teaching skills

Which of the following is a formal tool used to assess persons and their environments utilizing Holland's theory? -General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) -The Self Directed Search -16 PF -Myers Briggs Type Indicator

The Self Directed Search

Typical work environments for an Artistic type in Hollands theory of vocational personalities includes: -Unstructured environments -Organized environments -Abstract environments -Structured environments

Unstructured environments

Which theory emphasizes that the individual has requirements of the workplace, and that the workplace has requirements of the individual? -Theory of Work Adjustment -Super -Gottfredson -Holland

Theory of Work Adjustment

A counselor is using Savickas's five-question Career Construction Interview with Isaiah. Which question would not likely be included? -What motto or favorite saying seems like good advice to you? -Where do you dream of retiring? -Whom did you admire when you were about age 6? -What are your favorite television shows or movies?

Where do you dream of retiring?

The model Krumboltz suggested is -a human capital theory. -an accident theory of career development. -a status attainment theory. -a behavioristic model of career development.

a behavioristic model of career development

Which statement best characterizes Blustein's view of work and relationships? -In most cases, counselors should work with people first to solve relationship problems and then on work problems. -Work provides an opportunity for social connection, both in terms of connecting people with the larger social sphere and in terms of offering opportunities for individual relationships. -Theories of work should generally avoid considering social relationships, as these are less relevant than economic concerns when we conceptualize work. -In most cases, counselors should work with people first to resolve economic issues such as work, and then on relationship problems

Work provides an opportunity for social connection, both in terms of connecting people with the larger social sphere and in terms of offering opportunities for individual relationships.

The model Krumboltz suggested is -an accident theory of career development. -a behavioristic model of career development. -status attainment theory. -a human capital theory.

a behavioristic model of career development.

In "person-environment" theories, traits primarily refer to -Abilities and interests -Behavioral and emotional functioning -Career success -values

abilities and interests

Marc is working with a counselor and has recognized that he has two barriers keeping him from moving forward. Marc realizes he still wants to please his father and that he likes to "play it safe." The counselor decides to have Marc complete a decisional balance sheet for the careers he is considering. What will Marc focus on in this exercise? -all of the above -negative consequences related to each alternative -positive consequences related to each alternative -consequences anticipated for themselves and others for both the short and long term

all of the above

Counselors who support John Holland's approach believe that -stereotypes cannot be considered relevant. -sublimation is the major factor in job selection. -four major personality categories exist. -an appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality.

an appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality.

The application of a Psychology of Working Theory perspective focuses on change at ______. -both the individual and institutional levels -the institutional level -neither the individual nor institutional levels -the individual level

both the individual and institutional levels

As a college student, Danielle is thinking about her future, talking with her advisor about what she might do after she graduates, and looking up graduate school admissions requirements. Which of the "four Cs," described by Savickas, best characterizes Danielle's behavior? -career curiosity -career confidence -career control -career concern

career concern

The emerging theory that explains the processes through which individuals "construct themselves, impose direction on their vocational behavior, and make meaning of their careers" is ______. -career construction theory and the life design paradigm -career adaptability -Psychology of working -counseling for work and relationships

career construction theory and the life design paradigm

Individuals who are ______________________ are predicted to be more satisfied and adjusted in their work. -congruent and undifferentiated -congruent and differentiated -satisfied and congruent -consistent and undifferentiated

congruent and differentiated

A postmodern perspective focuses on how people ______. -narrow their career choices -construct meaning about their careers -choose jobs -engage in self-assessment

construct meaning about their careers

In the Psychology of Working Theory, which term best describes the process of attending to social inequities, challenging the status quo, and taking actions to redress injustice in society? A, critical consciousness B. work volition C. proactive personality D. marginalization

critical consciousness

When there is a clear distinction between what an individual likes and dislikes there is said to be ______. -Consistency -Congruence -clarity of identity -differentiation

differentiation

Which of the following is NOT a task of Super's Growth stage? A. acquiring competent work habits B. becoming concerned about the future C. establishing mature relationships D. convincing oneself to achieve in school and at work

establishing mature relationships

In Savickas's conceptualization, vocational guidance is to ______ as career counseling is to ______. -focus on scores and traits; matching and occupational fit -focus on scores and traits; focus on stories and theme -focus on stories and themes; focus on stages and tasks -focus on stages and tasks; focus on readiness and vocational development

focus on scores and traits; matching and occupational fit

An example of a distal influence on contextual affordances would be ______. -anxiety about moving for a job -growing up in an impoverished learning environment -financial concerns about paying for college -having a high car payment

growing up in an impoverished learning environment

The visual representation of Holland's theory is the _____________________. -triangle -square -hexagon -diamond -Circle

hexagon

In highlighting the process of Compromise, Gottfredson's first factor "truncated search, limited knowledge," describes how people ______ their required effort. -minimize -maximize -displace -Foreclose

minimize

According to Gottfredson, the way we strive to find our place in the world is known as ______. -self-concept -compromise -niche seeking -person-in-context

niche seeking

In SCCT, the constructs of gender, race, and disability are all known as ______. -background context -contextual influences -person inputs -Culture

person inputs

Mia is considering returning to graduate school to finish her MBA but is worried about her financial stability given her recent divorce. In this case, Mia's worries about her finances represent ______. -proximal influences -outcome expectancies -contextual affordances -distal influences

proximal influences

A client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fit into Holland's ________ typology. -social -artistic -realistic -Conventional

realistic

In SCCT, the question "When will you know that counseling has been successful?" is used to help clients ______. -reflect on their feelings -interpret assessment data -terminate counseling -set goals

set goals

Gottfredson is to Super as ______ is to ______. a. compromise; circumscription B. circumscription; compromise c. social self; psychological self d. psychological self; social self

social self; psychological self

Which of the following is NOT one of Blustein's "fundamental human needs" that are partially fulfilled through work? -the need for self-actualization -the need for self-determination -the need for relatedness -the need for survival

the need for self-actualization