CC Chapter 43

TRUE/FALSE 1. To evaluate ovulation, basal body temperature can be recorded. If ovulation has occurred, a rapid decrease in body temperature is noted throughout the luteal phase and is caused by progesterone.

FALSE

1. Which one of the following hormones causes the hypothalamus to trigger the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary just before ovulation? a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) d. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

a. Estrogen

12. Early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in a young child will lead to: a. GnRH-dependent precocious puberty. b. GnRH-independent precocious puberty. c. pseudoprecocious puberty. d. pseudohermaphroditism.

a. GnRH-dependent precocious puberty.

17. A 30-year-old female visits her physician with a complaint of excess facial and body hair, weight gain, and oligomenorrhea. She has read online that her symptoms indicate possible Cushing syndrome. Laboratory values indicate plasma cortisol levels within the reference intervals, elevated estrogen and LH, and decreased FSH. What other disorder might this patient have? a. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) b. Conn syndrome c. Ovarian tumor d. Adult onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia

a. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

8. In nonpregnant women, progesterone is synthesized and secreted by the: a. corpus luteum. b. placenta. c. pituitary gland. d. Both a and b are correct.

a. corpus luteum.

2. What would the laboratory results be in a male patient exhibiting characteristic symptoms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism? a. Elevated testosterone, decreased FSH b. Decreased testosterone, decreased FSH c. Elevated testosterone, elevated FSH d. Decreased testosterone, elevated FSH

b. Decreased testosterone, decreased FSH

19. Regarding the phases of the menstrual cycle, the suppression of luteinizing hormone synthesis by progesterone occurs during which one of the following phases? a. Follicular phase b. Luteal phase c. Ovulation d. Both a and b

b. Luteal phase

4. Which one of the following hormones shuts off synthesis and release of LH from the male pituitary gland? a. FSH b. Testosterone c. Prolactin d. Inhibin

b. Testosterone

16. A 14-year-old male comes to his physician with infantile genitalia and the lack of development of any secondary sex characteristics. The patient is short in stature. Upon discussion of family history, it was discovered that several male relatives had similar defects in testicular development. Based on this information, laboratory results would indicate: a. decreased testosterone and decreased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/luteinizing hormone (LH). b. decreased testosterone and elevated FSH/LH. c. elevated testosterone and elevated FSH/LH. d. elevated testosterone and decreased FSH/LH.

b. decreased testosterone and elevated FSH/LH.

14. The peptide hormone responsible for the discharge of the gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland, which causes Kallmann syndrome when deficient, is: a. FSH. b. gonadotropin-releasing hormone. c. testosterone. d. DHEA-S.

b. gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

11. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S): a. concentrations exhibit a circadian rhythm that reflects the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). b. is an important screening test used to evaluate women with hirsutism and virilization. c. concentration is increased in 17-hydroxylase deficiency-caused amenorrhea. d. analysis is performed using heparinized plasma.

b. is an important screening test used to evaluate women with hirsutism and virilization.

5. Laboratory assessment of which of the following hormones is used to evaluate ovulation? a. FSH b. Estradiol c. Progesterone d. All of the above

c. Progesterone

7. A typical characteristic in a woman with polycystic ovary disease (PCOS) includes: a. markedly increased serum FSH concentration. b. decreased serum androstenedione concentration. c. increased serum LH concentration. d. persistent ovulation.

c. increased serum LH concentration.

15. Inhibin: a. augments release of LH from the male pituitary gland. b. promotes synthesis of testosterone by the Sertoli cells. c. inhibits release of FSH from the male pituitary gland. d. increases in males with elevated GnRH.

c. inhibits release of FSH from the male pituitary gland.

13. In measurement of testosterone in blood: a. assessment of serum 17-ketosteroids is included. b. specimens must be collected in EDTA anticoagulant. c. morning specimens are preferred because of the diurnal release of testosterone. d. 5-androstenediol derivatives are actually measured.

c. morning specimens are preferred because of the diurnal release of testosterone.

6. Which of the following statements concerning amenorrhea is (are) correct? a. One cause of primary amenorrhea is Turner syndrome, in which there is no estrogen production by the ovaries. b. Hirsutism is a typical side effect of amenorrhea caused by androgen excess. c. Primary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstrual bleeding in women who have never menstruated. d. All of the above are correct.

d. All of the above are correct.

3. During the luteal phase, which hormone, when decreased in the absence of conception, releases its inhibition on pituitary gland synthesis and release of FSH? a. Chorionic gonadotropin b. Progesterone c. Estrone d. Estradiol

d. Estradiol

10. Which one of the following statements regarding FSH/LH is incorrect? a. LH acts to stimulate Leydig cells in the testes to synthesize testosterone. b. FSH, secreted by the anterior pituitary, induces follicular maturation. c. FSH acts on the cells of the follicle to increase responsiveness of LH receptors. d. Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum causes LH levels to increase.

d. Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum causes LH levels to increase.

9. Typical findings in a woman in menopause include: a. increased progesterone. b. decreased serum LH/FSH. c. hirsutism. d. decreased estrogen and inhibin.

d. decreased estrogen and inhibin.

18. The benign growth of glandular breast tissue in men is referred to as: a. galactorrhea. b. glanduloma. c. andropause. d. gynecomastia.

d. gynecomastia.