Psychology, The Brain

a new animal is discovered that is more sensitive to pain in its toes than its fingers. If we were to examine the brain of this animal we would notice that

The parietal lobe would have more brain area devoted to the toes than the fingers

the central nervous system consists of the

brain and spinal cord

the wrinkly surface of the brain is called the

cerebral cortex

limbic system

collection of structures involved in processing emotion and memory

hindbrain

division of the brain containing the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

midbrain

division of the brain located between the forebrain and the hindbrain; contains the reticular formation

Hypothalamus

forebrain structure that regulates sexual motivation and behavior and a number of homeostatic processes; serves as an interface between the nervous system and the endocrine system

the motor cortex sends messages to specific regions of the body to create movement. In which part of the cerebral cortex is it located?

frontal lobe

Grandma had a stroke that damaged her left frontal lobe. We can expect she will

have difficulty controlling movements on the right side of her body

The medulla, pons, and cerebellum are collectively called the

hindbrain

medulla

hindbrain structure that controls automated processes like breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate

cerebellum

hindbrain structure that controls our balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills, and it is thought to be important in processing some types of memory

An impairment of eating, drinking, temperature regulation, or sexual behavior suggests possible damage to the

hippocampus

David was hospitalized after a car accident, and due to injury to his ________, he has trouble with newer memories but still retains older memories.

hippocampus

What is the brain structure that performs a variety of functions, including the regulation of hunger and sexual behavior?

hypothalamus

Wernicke's area

important for speech comprehension (understanding speech)

hemisphere

left or right half of the brain

the visual cortex processes visual information. In which part of the cerebral cortex is it located?

occipital lobe

the somatosensory cortex is an area just behind the motor cortex that receives information from the skinś sensory receptors and movements from different body parts. in which part of the cerebral cortex is it located?

parietal lobe

temporal lobe

part of cerebral cortex associated with hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language; contains primary auditory cortex- comprehension, sound, speech

occipital lobe

part of the cerebral cortex associated with visual processing; contains the primary visual cortex- information related to sight

parietal lobe

part of the cerebral cortex involved in processing various sensory and perceptual information; contains the primary somatosensory cortex- sense of touch, body position

frontal lobe

part of the cerebral cortex involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language; contains motor cortex- speaking, planning, judging, abstract thinking, personality aspects

Carbon monoxide poisoning often damages the occipital lobe of the brain. What might we expect when this part of the brain is damaged?

problems processing visual info

Broca's area

region in the left hemisphere that is essential for language production (produce speech)

the left hemisphere of the brain controls

right side of the body

thalamus

sensory relay for the brain

amygdala

structure in the limbic system involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories

Hippocampus

structure in the temporal lobe associated with learning and memory

Which is not a structure of the forebrain?

substantia nigra

cerebral cortex

surface of the brain that is associated with our highest mental capabilities - separated by folds called fissures

Gretchen recently reported randomly hearing songs, and voices from the past. An MEG (magnetoencephalography) revealed she had a tumor causing neurons in the ________ lobe to occasionally fire at random, triggering these auditory illusions.

temporal

the auditory cortex is responsible for hearing and language. in which part of the cerebral cortex is it located?

temporal lobe

The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing.

thalamus

the significance of the lesion study of Phineas Gageś damaged brain is that it provided evidence that

the frontal lobe is involved in controlling personality traits, emotions, and moral reasoning abilities

Damage to the ________ disrupts one's ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one's ability to produce words intact.

wernickeś area

Which is primarily responsible for regulating our perceptions of and reactions to aggression and fear?

amygdala

prefrontal cortex

area in the frontal lobe responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning