Ch. 1

Christopher Columbus's theories of exploration were based on

1. The knowledge of other explorers. 2. The possibility that Europeans' knowledge of the outside world was not always accurate 3. The hope that there was a southern continent similar to Africa that could be exploited.

Malinche was

A woman who used her linguistic and cultural knowledge to help Cortés.

Among other things, the Mississippian people were known for what?

Building mounds, some for ceremonial purposes and some as burial sites.

Archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest Americans arrived on the continent when?

By 12,000 BCE.

Why did most Anasazi return to hunting and gathering practices at times?

Changing climates and nomadic enemies forced them to resort to alternative forms of sustenance.

Which of the following appears to have been the most important reason for the extinction of the woolly mammoth?

Climactic shifts.

While the Spanish were occupied expelling Muslims, Portugal was...

Developing the printing press.

Why did the European monarchs refuse to finance Columbus's venture?

Each monarch assumed Columbus had miscalculated the earth's circumference.

Scholars know a good deal about the Maya and Aztec because

Each statement is correct

For the natives, the encomienda resulted in

Forced labor

The Columbian Exchange refers to the process by which

Goods, germs, and ideas travel from the Old World to the New World and the New World to the Old World.

Iroquoian political decisions were

Influenced by women because their work in agriculture was highly valued.

In 1513 the Spanish Crown issued the Requerimiento, which

Promised Indians who accepted Christianity and the authority of Spain that they would be left in peace.

Hernán Cortés was aided greatly in his conquest of the Aztecs by the

Refusal of the Aztecs to fight.

By the end of the fifteenth century, Europeans had little accurate information about Africa because

The Sahara Desert was an obstacle to Europeans traveling south.

Why did the combination of corn and beans prove so crucial to the diet of early Americans?

The beans added amino acid to the corn, making the combination as nutritious as meat.

Why have scholars called Mesoamerica the Cradle of the Americas?

The region hosted the first technologically advanced civilizations.

The most profitable commodity produced on North American Spanish plantations in the 1500s was

sugar