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The Nez Percé were hopelessly outnumbered and worn down.

"I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohulhulsote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led the young men is dead."It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead."Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."—Chief Joseph Which overall theme can best be inferred from this speech? a. new generations of American Indians would always remain strong b. the Nez Perce were hopelessly outnumbered and worn down. c. the Battle of Little Big Horn led to more conflicts between Plains Indians d. Surrendering their values and land caused desertion within the Nez Perce

sod

The house in this image, typical of those built by homesteaders adapting to their physical environment on the Great Plains, was made from a. adobe b. brick c. sod d. straw

style of campaigning.

The subject of this political cartoon is William Jennings Bryan's a. style of campiagning b. "Cross of Gold" speech c. support for rural farmers d. advocacy of silver coinage

the illegal activities of Boss Tweed in New York City.

This political cartoon references a. the illegal activities of Boss Tweed in New York City b. the signing of Pendleton Civil Service Act c. the corruption in Ulysses Grant's administration d. the efforts to relocate Native Americans to reservations

Little meaningful legislation was passed.

What did the gridlock between parties in Congress and the White House in the late 1800s lead to? a. corruption became widespread b. native Americans were restricted to reservations c. reconstruction went on for too long d. little meaningful legislation was passed

Farmers have an important job in American society.

What is the theme of this illustration? a. the farming industry is in danger of collapse b. Farmers have an important job in American society. c. bankers and other professions are not kind to farmers d. many professions are related to others

allowed members of his administration to engage in corruption.

President Grant is remembered as a corrupt president because he a. appointed his relatives and friends to important positions b plundered millions of dollars from New York's city treasury c. allowed members of his administration to engage in corruption d. was not supported by his own party on grounds of campaign corruption

He toured the nation, doing his own campaigning.

How was William Jennings Bryan different from the majority of other presidential candidates of the era? a. he toured the nation, doing his own campaigning. b. he came from an impoverished rural background c. he pledged to lead a corruption-free administration d. he argued against the golf standard, supporting silver instead

weaken tribal cultures and encourage assimilation.

The U.S. government outlawed practices such as this traditional Native American ceremony in order to a. prevent conflict bw rival tribes b. weaken tribal cultures and encourage assimilation c. to make reservations more hospitable for land speculators d. make it more difficult for Native Americans to enter mainstream society

why the Native Americans resisted the white men.

"I love to roam over the prairies.. . . . [B]ut when I go down to the river I see camps of soldiers on its banks. These soldiers cut down my timber; they kill my buffalo. . . . We have to protect ourselves. We have to save our country. We have to fight for what is ours."—Chief Satanta In this quote, Chief Satanta is explaining a. the Native Americans' view on nature and spirituality b. why the Native Americans resisted the white men. c. how the white men ruined the Native Americans' way of life. d. how important the buffalo herds were to Native Americans

Native Americans.

"If you strike off into the broad, free West, and make yourself a farm from Uncle Sam's generous domain, you will crowd nobody, starve nobody, and neither you nor your children need evermore beg. . . ."—Horace Greeley, New York Tribune, February 5, 1867 What group is Horace Greeley forgetting in the quote above? a. immigrants b. lower-class Northerners c. freed slaves d. Native Americans

minting silver coinage to increase inflation

"Our country finds itself confronted by conditions for which there is not precedent in the history of the world; our annual agricultural productions amount to billions of dollars in value, which must, within a few weeks or months, be exchanged for billions of dollars' worth of commodities consumed in their production; the existing currency supply is wholly inadequate to make this exchange; the results are falling prices, the formation of combines and rings, the impoverishment of the producing class. We pledge ourselves that if given power we will labor to correct these evils by wise and reasonable legislation, in accordance with the terms of our platform. . . ."—Preamble, Populist Party Platform What solution did the Populists propose to solve the problem of crop prices not meeting their cost of production? a. implementing a graduated income tax b. minting silver coinage to increase inflation c. granting government control of the railroads d. lifting tariffs n imports to encourage lower prices

every worker contributes to the growth of the economy.

"The man who is employed for wages is as much a businessman as his employer... The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain."—William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold" speech In this excerpt from his speech, Bryan is implying that a. businessmen have exploited small rural farmers b. every worker contributes to the growth of the economy. c. employers are more important than their employees d. workers create more wealth than businessmen

Farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen.

"There are three great crops raised in Nebraska. One is the crop of corn, one a crop of freight rates, and one a crop of interest. One is produced by farmers who sweat and toil to farm the land. The other two are produced by men who sit in their offices and behind their bank counters and farm the farmers."—Farmers' Alliance, 1890 What opinion does this quote imply? a. significant economic disparity exists in Nebraska b. farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen c. railroads are necessary to the farming industry d. transportation and commerce help Nebraska's economy

allowing the Native Americans to continue their way of life.

"There is not among these three hundred bands of Indians one which has not suffered cruelly at the hands either of the Government or of white settlers. The poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band, the more certain the cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected. . . It makes little difference where one opens the record of the history of the Indians; every page and every year has its dark stain. . . ."—Helen Hunt Jackson, 1881 In this quote, Helen Hunt Jackson is giving her support to a. the passage of the Dawes General Allotment Act b. assimilation of the Native Americans into national life c. providing modern education to Native American children d. allowing the Native Americans to continue their way of life

assimilation into mainstream culture

"When we cease to teach the Indian that he is less than a man; when we recognize fully that he is capable in all respects as we are, and that he only needs the opportunities and privileges which we possess to enable him to assert his humanity and manhood; when we act consistently towards him in accordance with that recognition; when we cease to fetter him to conditions which keep him in bondage, surrounded by retrogressive influences; when we allow him the freedom of association and the developing influences of social contact—then the Indian will quickly demonstrate that he can be truly civilized, and he himself will solve the question of what to do with the Indian."—Captain Richard H. Pratt, 1892 In this statement, Captain Pratt is most likely advocating which of the following for the Native Americans? a. an allotment program for land b. a treaty ending violent conflict c. involuntary relocation to reservations d. assimilation into mainstream culture

texas

According to the information in this map, where was cattle ranching most important as an industry? a. kansas b. texas c. utah territory d. arizona territory

Their nomadic way of life was increasingly restricted.

What was the primary effect of Native Americans being confined to reservations? a. the conflict between Native Americans and settlers decreased b. their nomadic way of life was increasingly restricted c. they received education and religious teaching from settlers d. they were given access to improved healthcare facilities and schools

small farmers

Which type of people were most likely to support the Populist Party in the 1890s? a. immigrants b. small farmers c. cattle ranchers d. railroad workers

1882

according to the information in the graph, in which year was legislation most likely passed to limit Chinese immigration to the United States? a. 1870 b. 1876 c. 1882 d. 1888