Ch. 10 Learning Curve

By when had most of Europe embraced Christianity?

1100 C.E.

Which of the following did the Byzantine imperial court most closely reflect?

Ancient Persia

Which of the following is true of the Coptic Christians of Egypt?

Before the Muslim conquest, the Byzantine rulers of Egypt viewed Coptics as heretics.

The ruler of this state claimed to be the "peer of the Apostles."

Byzantine Empire

Which of the following statements best describes Byzantium's encounter with the Arabs between 500 and 800 C.E.?

Byzantium lost considerable territories to the Arabs but survived the invasion.

Which region was most conservative in its use of ancient Greek learning between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

Byzantium was the most conservative.

What is the term for a system in which the church is closely tied to the state, with the secular ruler playing a role as head of the church?

Caesaropapism

Which important feature of fifteenth-century European ships was developed in Europe?

Cannon

What caused the Muslim rulers of Egypt to persecute the Coptic Christian population of Egypt from the thirteenth century?

Christian Crusaders from Western Europe entered the region.

What was the "New Rome"?

Constantinople

Between 1000 and 1500 C.E. what development provided an important new source of energy for Western Europeans?

Development of effective water mills

Which of the following was a practice of the Eastern Orthodox Church but not the Western Roman Catholic Church?

Eastern Orthodox Christians were led by married priests, while Roman Catholic clergy were celibate.

What important factor led to the decline of Christianity in Africa and Asia between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

Emergence of Islam

Which of the following was an important factor that made political unity in Western Europe more difficult?

Ethnic and linguistic diversity in Europe

In comparison to China what was a distinctive feature of Western European cities?

European cities were far more independent from outside political authorities.

What was "Greek fire"?

Flammable mixture launched from bronze tubes

Which statement best describes the relationship between Germans and Roman culture in early medieval Western Europe?

Germans were quick to accept much of Roman culture.

What were Beguines?

Groups of laywomen in Northern Europe who devoted themselves to a religious life

Once adopted, what critical capability did the lateen sail system developed by the Arabs give European ships?

It allowed ships to sail against the wind.

What was the investiture conflict in Western Europe, which reached its height in the eleventh and twelfth centuries?

It was a controversy over the right to appoint bishops and the pope.

What was feudalism?

It was a political and social system in which power was largely in the hands of a landholding warrior elite who swore allegiance to greater lords or kings.

Which of the following statements best describes the position of Western Europe in world history during the third-wave era?

It was distinctly on the margins of world history.

Why was the Champagne area of France important in the High Middle Ages?

It was home to major trade fairs where northern and southern European goods were exchanged.

Which of the following statements best describes Western Europe in the early Middle Ages?

It was politically fragmented and largely rural.

What were the Christian texts that circulated in China known as?

Jesus Sutras

Which sixth-century Byzantine emperor sought to reconquer the Mediterranean basin?

Justinian

After the fall of Constantinople what city was declared the "third Rome" by some of its church leaders?

Moscow

What was the dominant sect of Christianity in Syria, Persia, Iraq, and China?

Nestorian

Which of the following agricultural innovations adopted by northern Europeans during the Middle Ages probably originated in central Asia or China?

New type of horse collar

Which region of Europe was dominated by independent city-states in the fourteenth century?

Northern Italy

Which Germanic king overthrew the last Roman emperor in 476 C.E., bringing to its end the Roman Empire in the West?

Odoacer

Which ruler gathered much of Germany under his control in an attempt during the tenth century to revive the Roman Empire?

Otto I

Why did Christianity increasingly become a European religion between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

The emergence of Islam reduced the number of Christians in Asia and Africa.

Which of the following statements best describes the conversion of the Christian Syrian population to the Islamic faith?

The majority of the Christian population converted to the Islamic faith voluntarily.

What was the Mongol attitude toward Christianity?

They appreciated Christianity's permissiveness regarding food and drink and a number of prominent Mongols converted.

Which of the following statements best describes the appeal of the Christian Church to local warlords and rulers in pagan northern Europe?

They found status and legitimacy by being associated with the literate and civilized Christian Church.

Which theologian thoroughly integrated Aristotelian thought into a logical and systematic presentation of Christian doctrine in the thirteenth century?

Thomas Aquinas

Which of the following was the least significant development in Islamic history during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

Various Crusades

Which of the following statements is true of Europe in about the year 1000 C.E.?

Weather was in a long warming trend, leading to improved agricultural production.

Which comparison is true of China and Europe's economies by the fifteenth century?

Women in both regions experienced declining opportunities to control portions of the economy.