Ch. 11 A&P 1 (Exam 3)
A neuron that conducts pain sensations to the central nervous system would be classified as a/an ___ A) sensory of afferent neuron B) efferent neuron C) association neuron D) interneuron E) motor neuron
A
A neurotransmitter is released at a synapse. Which of the following occurs last? A) an action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane B) calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal C) synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by exocytosis D) neurotransmitter flows rapidly across the synaptic cleft E) neurotransmitter binds with the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane
A
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) are associated with which of the following? A) repolarization of the plasma membrane B) depolarization of the plasma membrane C) hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane D) no change of the threshold E) no change in the membrane potential
C
Neurons that have a single axon and a single dendrite are ___ A) pseudo-unipolar B) multipolar C) bipolar D) tripolar
C
The central nervous system A) initiates visual and auditory stimuli B) does not interact with the peripheral nervous system C) is the site for processing information D) consists of 43 pairs of nerves E) is totally involuntary
C
The junction of a neuron with another cell is a/an ___ A) receptor B) ganglion C) synapse D) effector
C
The motor (efferent) division of the peripheral nervous system A) has nerve cell bodies located in ganglia near the spinal cord and brain B) detects a stimulus C) transmits impulses from the CNS to effectors, such as skeletal muscle D) detects presence of food in the stomach E) is a division of the CNS
C
The nervous system A) monitors internal and external stimuli B) maintains homeostasis C) all of the choices are correct D) interprets or assesses information E) transmits information in the form of action potentials
C
The peripheral nervous system includes the ___ A) cerebellum B) brain C) cranial nerves D) spinal cord E) blood-brain barrier
C
There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves and __________ pairs of spinal nerves. A) 10; 30 B) 30; 10 C) 12; 31 D) 31; 12 E) 12; 32
C
Which of the following is mismatched? A) central nervous system - brain B) peripheral nervous system - spinal nerves C) somatic nervous system - sensory division of PNS D) peripheral nervous system - sensory and motor divisions E) autonomic nervous system - sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
C
An action potential A) has no repolarization phase B) is an example of negative feedback C) propagates across the plasma membrane in a decremental fashion D) occurs when the local potential reaches threshold level E) cannot transmit information
D
Cell bodies of the peripheral nervous system are located in A) nerves B) the motor division C) Schwann cells D) ganglia E) the sensory division
D
Continuous conduction of action potentials means that A) once an action potential is created, it moves in both directions along the axon B) an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node C) the whole axon depolarizes at the same time D) an action potential in one site generates local currents causing depolarization to threshold at the adjacent site
D
Dendrites A) conduct action potentials away from the cell body B) are generally long and unbranched C) contain the trigger zone D) are the input part of the neuron E) form synapses with the microglia
D
During depolarization of the plasma membrane, A) K+ moves rapidly out of the cell B) membrane permeability to Na+ decreases C) Na+ moves rapidly out of the cell D) Na+ moves rapidly into the cell E) the outside of the cell becomes positively charged relative to the inside
D
Gray matter on the surface of the brain is called __________. A) a nucleus B) a ganglion C) a tract D) the cortex
D
All of the following are typical characteristics of neurotransmitters except A) they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell B) they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell C) they are released in response to stimulation D) they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron. E) they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell
E
The autonomic nervous system A) stimulates skeletal muscle contractions B) is involved in problem solving C) does not include the central nervous system D) is under voluntary control E) has two sets of neurons in a series
E
The blood-brain barrier A) does not prevent fluctuations in the composition of the blood from affecting the functions of the brain B) prohibits the transport of amino acids and glucose to the neurons C) prohibits the removal of waste materials from the neurons D) permits passage of foreign substances from the blood to the neurons E) protects neurons from toxic substances in the blood
E
The central nervous system A) is totally involuntary B) consists of 43 pairs of nerves C) initiates visual and auditory stimuli D) does not interact with the peripheral nervous system E) is the site for processing information
E
The junction between two neurons is a ___ A) ganglia B) neuromuscular junction C) node of Ranvier D) fascicle E) synapse
E
When two or more presynaptic neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron in the CNS, a/an ___ pathway is formed. A) somatic B) sensory C) reverberating D) divergent E) convergent
E
Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills? A) somatic nervous system B) none of the choices are correct C) peripheral nervous system D) autonomic nervous system E) central nervous system
E
Identify the statement that best differentiates gray matter and white matter. A) gray matter consists of cell bodies and dendrites, whereas white matter consists mostly of myelinated axons B) gray matter consists of bundles of axons, and white matter consists of groups of cell bodies and dendrites C) gray matter consists of all parts of neurons, and white matter is mostly glial cells.
A
Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes in which of the following ways? A) schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons B) none of the choices are correct C) schwann cells form myelin; oligodendrocytes do not D) schwann cells form sheaths around several axons, while oligodendrocytes form sheath around only one axon E) oligodendrocytes are only found in the PNS; schwann cells are only found in the CNS
A
Sensory neurons carrying action potentials from pain receptors synapse within the spinal cord with interneurons. These interneurons synapse with motor neurons leading back to an effector and ascending neurons that carry action potentials toward the brain. This is an example of a/an __________ pathway A) divergent B) sensory C) reverberating D) convergent E) bifurcated
A
The central nervous system includes the ___ A) spinal cord B) cranial nerves C) spinal nerves D) ganglia E) sensory receptors
A
The gray matter of the cerebrum is composed of neuron cell bodies and makes up both the __________ and the __________. A) cortex; deep cerebral nuclei B) cerebral tracts; cortex C) cortex; white matter
A
What type of neuroglial cells provide support and nutrition to sensory ganglia in the PNS? A) satellite cells B) microglia C) Schwann cells D) ependymal cells
A
When repolarization of a neuron is complete, the A) original polarity of the neuron is restored B) neuron dies C) neuron is no longer excitable D) neuron regenerates E) cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane
A
Which ion is necessary for the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles? A) Ca2+ B) Cl− C) Na+ D) K+
A
Which of the following analogies best represents a parallel after-discharge circuit? A) an instructor instructs all students to solve the same problem B) an instructor divides the class into four groups and assigns each group a different problem to solve
A
A neuron within the central nervous system that carries action potentials from one neuron to another is called a/an __ A) efferent neuron B) interneuron C) afferent neuron D) motor neuron E) sensory neuron
B
Axons A) do not have a resting membrane potential B) have a distal portion that branches to form the presynaptic terminals C) do not have a trigger zone D) are numerous extensions from each neuron. E) contain the nucleus
B
Rapid removal or destruction of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft A) may stop exocytosis B) may affect the ability of the postsynaptic membrane to generate action potentials C) generates local potentials in the presynaptic terminal D) may lead to action potentials E) is necessary for synaptic transmission
B
Suppose both excitatory and inhibitory neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron. What determines if an action potential is initiated in the postsynaptic neuron? A) the size of the neuron involved B) the number of EPSPs in relation to the number of IPSPs C) whether the neuron is myelinated or non-myelinated D) the kind of neuron involved E) this situation is not possible in humans
B
The sensory (afferent) division of the peripheral nervous system A) transmits action potentials to sensory organs B) conveys action potentials to the CNS C) stimulus glands to release hormones D) does not involve sensory receptors E) stimulates muscle contractions
B
The strength of a stimulus is communicated through A) the frequency of action potentials B) both "the frequency of action potentials" and "the length of time action potentials are produced" are correct C) changes in the magnitude of the action potential D) the length of time action potentials are produced
B
Which of the following is NOT a glial cell of the CNS? A) ependymal cells B) satellite cells C) astrocytes D) oligodendrocytes
B
Which of the following statements accurately describe events that occur as a result of a local potential reaching threshold? A) both "Inactivation gates of Na+ channels begin to open" and "A positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ channels to open" are correct B) activation gates of Na+ channels begin to close C) a positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ channels to open D) K+ channels begin to close E) inactivation gates of Na+ channels begin to open
C
Identify the correct sequence of the structures as they are involved in activity at a chemical synapse. A) synaptic cleft; presynaptic terminal; postsynaptic membrane B) presynaptic terminal; postsynaptic membrane; synaptic cleft C) postsynaptic membrane; synaptic cleft; presynaptic terminal D) presynaptic terminal; synaptic cleft; postsynaptic membrane
D
Nervous tissue of the CNS that is composed primarily of myelinated axons is often referred to as ___ matter. A) light B) grey C) dark D) white
D
Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters and are present in the ___ A) axolemma B) trigger zone C) dendrites D) presynaptic terminals E) cell body
D
The absolute refractory period assures A) that the stimulus is strong enough to elicit a response B) that no after-potential occurs C) reversal of the direction of propagation of the action potential D) completion of repolarization before another action potential E) prolonged depolarization during the action potential
D
The enteric nervous system consists of plexuses within the walls of the ___ A) spinal cord B) urinary bladder C) brain D) digestive tract
D
The junction of a neuron with another cell is a/an __ A) receptor B) effector C) ganglion D) synapse
D
Which of the following events is NOT a characteristic of an action potential? A) action potentials occur according to the all-or-none principle B) in repolarization, K+ flow out of the cell C) at the peak of depolarization, Na+ channels begin to close and K+ channels open D) as Na+ enter, the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative E) the plasma membrane becomes highly permeable to Na+ and depolarization results
D
Which of the following statements regarding glial cells is false? A) glial cells form part of the blood-brain barrier B) glial cells produce cerebrospinal fluid C) glial cells serve as the major supporting tissue in the CNS D) glial cells produce action potentials for skeletal muscles E) glial cells form myelin sheaths around some axons
D
Which type of circuit is associated with complex neuronal processes, such as solving mathematical equations? A) diverging B) reverberating C) converging D) parallel after-discharge
D
Which type of neuronal pathway allows for a stimulus to be transmitted to the most number of cells? A) both "Convergent" and "Reverberating" are correct B) reverberating C) convergent D) divergent
D
Why isn't an action potential transmitted from a postsynaptic membrane to a presynaptic terminal? A) synaptic vesicles in the postsynaptic membrane are inactive B) acetylcholine is destroyed too quickly C) acetylcholine can only diffuse in one direction across the synaptic cleft D) presynaptic terminals have no acetylcholine receptors E) presynaptic neurons do not have a resting membrane potential
D