ch 11 administration of medication and intravenous therapy

undesirable effects of drugs include

-adverse reactions -drug interaction -allergic drug reaction -idiosyncratic reaction

what are the components of a prescription?

-date -physicians name, address, telephone number, and fax number -parents name and address -patients age -superscription -inscription -subscription

Components of controlled drugs: schedule I

-high potential for abuse -not accepted by medical use

Components of controlled drugs: schedule II

-high potential for abuse -prescriptions must be written in ink or typed -emergency telephone order permitted for one time use -no refills allowed

Components of controlled drugs: schedule III

-less potential for abuse than I and II -telephone and fax orders permitted -prescriptions can be refilled 5 times within 6 months from issue date -prescription expires after 6 months

Components of controlled drugs: schedule V

-low potential for abuse -telephone and fax orders permitted -prescription expires after 1 year

Components of controlled drugs: schedule IV

-lower potential for abuse -telephone or fax order permitted -prescription expires after 6 months

what is included in the medication record

-patients name and DOB -any drug allergies -date the medication was prescribed or date the patient started taking the medication -name and dose of the medication -frequency of administration -prescription or OTC medication category -refills -date the patient stopped taking the medication

How many drops are in a ml?

0.06ml=1gtt

what are the ten most common routes of administration?

1. oral 2. sublingual 3. inhalation 4. rectal 5. vaginal 6. topical 7. intradermal 8. subcutaneous 9. intramuscular 10. intravenous

what are the guidelines for prep and admin of a drug

1. work in a quiet, well lit atmosphere that is free of distractions 2. always ask if you have a question about medication order 3. know the drug to be given 4. select the proper drug. check the label of the medication three times, as it is taken from its storage location, before preparing the medication, and after preparing the medication. do not use a drug if the label is missing or is difficult to read 5. do not use a drug if the color has changed, if a precipitate has formed, or if it has an unusual odor 6. check the expiration date before preparing the drug for administration 7. prepare the proper dose of the drug. each medication has a dose range, or range of quantities of the drug that can produce therapeutic effects. it is important to administer the exact dose of the drug. a dose that is too small would not produce a therapeutic effect, and a dose that is too large could be harmful or even fatal to the patient 8. correctly identify the patient so that the drug is administered to the intended patient. when medication is administered, the patient should be identified by his or her full name and date of birth 9. before administering the medication, check the patients records or question the patient to ensure that he or she is not allergic to the medication 10. if you are giving an injection, determine the appropriate route and site at which to administer the injection; the route ad site are dictated by the type of injection being given. an allergy injection is given through the SC route, and an antibiotic injection is given through the IM route. the site must be free from abrasions, lesions, bruises, and edema 11. use the proper technique to administer the medication 12. stay with the patient after administering the medication 13. document information properly in the patients medical record immediately after administering the drug 14. always follow the seven rights of preparing and administering medication in the medical office

How many ml in a L?

1000 mL=L

How many ml is in a T?

15ml=1T

How many ounces in 1 cup?

1c=8oz

How many lb in a kg?

1kg=2.2lbs

how many cc's in 1ml?

1ml=1cc

How many tsp in a T?

3tsp=1T

How many ml is in a tsp?

5(4)ml=1tsp

How many drops in a tsp?

60gtt=1tsp

vial

A closed glass container with a rubber stopper that holds medication

ointment

A drug with an oil base, resulting in a semisolid preparation. ointments are applied externally to the skin and are usually greasy (solid)

chewable tablet

A powdered drug that has been flavored and pressed into a disc. chewable tablets are often used for antacids, antiflatuents, and childrens medications (solid)

tablet

A powdered drug that has been pressed into a disc. some tablets are scored, that is, they are marked with an indentation so that they can be broken into halves or quarters for proper dosage (solid)

anaphylactic reaction

A serious allergic reaction that requires immediate treatment

ampule

A small sealed glass container that holds a single dose of medication.

wheal

A tense, pale, raised area of the skin

Parenteral

Administration of medication by injection. refers to sites outside the gastrointestinal tract

sublingual administration

Administration of medication by placing it under the tongue, where it dissolves and is absorbed through the mucous membrane

induration

An abnormally raised, hardened area of the skin with clearly defined margins

what is parenteral administration

Any medication introduced into the body via any means except the GI tract.

topical administration

Application of a drug to a particular spot, usually for a local action

liquid preparations include

Elixirs, emulsion, liniment, lotion, solution, spirit, spray, suspension, suspension aerosol, syrup, tincture

examples of parenteral administration

IM, ID, DC, IV

subcutaneous injection

Introduction of medication beneath the skin, into the subcutaneous or fatty layer of the body

What is the PDR

Physician's Desk Reference is a reference source containing the latest drug product information prepared by manufacturers.

intravenous therapy

The administration of a liquid agent directly into a patient's vein, where it is distributed throughout the body by way of the circulatory system

infusion

The administration of fluids, medications, or nutrients into a vein

inhalation administration

The administration of medication by way of air or other vapor being drawn into the lungs

transfusion

The administration of whole blood or blood products through the intravenous route

gauge

The diameter of the lumen of a needle used to administer medication

lotion

a aqueous preparation that contains suspended ingredients. lotions are used to treat external skin conditions. they work to sooth, protect, and moisten the skin and to destroy harmful bacteria (liquid)

sustained release capsule

a capsule that contains granules that dissolve at different rates to provide a gradual and continuous release of medication. this reduces the number of doses that must be administered (solid) it can also come as a tablet or caplet

why prescribe generic?

a certain persons insurance might cover the generic instead of the brand name

drug

a chemical used for the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease

cream

a drug combined in a base that is generally non greasy, resulting in a semisolid preparation. creams are applied externally to the skin (solid)

spirit

a drug combined with an alcoholic solution that is volatile (liquid)

liniment

a drug combined with oil, soap, alcohol, or water. they are applied externally, using friction, to produce a feeling of heat or warmth (liquid)

lozenge

a drug contained in a candy like base. lozenges are circular and are designed to dissolve on the tongue (solid)

capsule

a drug contained in a gelatin capsule that is water soluble and functions to prevent the patient from tasting the drug (solid)

caplet

a drug contained in an oblong tablet with a smooth coating to make swallowing easier (solid)

syrup

a drug dissolved in a solution of sugar, water, and sometimes a flavoring to disguise an unpleasant taste (liquid)

suppository

a drug mixed with a firm base, such as cocoa butter, that is designed to melt at body temperature. a suppository is shaped into a cylinder or a cone for easy insertion into a body cavity, such as the rectum or vagina (solid)

suspension

a drug that contains solid insoluble drug particles in a liquid; the preparation must be shaken before administration (liquid)

controlled drug

a drug that has restrictions placed on it by the federal government because of its potential for abuse

elixir

a drug that is dissolved in a solution of alcohol and water. elixirs are sweetened and flavored and are taken orally (liquid)

spray

a fine stream of medicated vapor, usually used to treat nose and throat conditions (liquid)

solution

a liquid preparation that contains one or more completely dissolved substances. the dissolved substances are known as the solute, and the liquid in which it is dissolved is known as the solvent. most drugs are administered parenterally (liquid)

emulsion

a mixture of fats or oils in water (liquid)

transdermal patch

a patch with an adhesive backing, which contains a drug, that is applied to the skin. the drug enters the circulation after being absorbed through the skin (solid)

perscription

a physicians order authorizing the dispensing of a drug by a pharmacist

sublingual tablet

a powdered drug that has been pressed into a disc and is designed to dissolve under the tongue, which permits its rapid absorption into the bloodstream (solid)

suspension aerosol

a pressurized form in which solid aerosol or liquid drug particles are suspended in a gas to be dispensed in a cloud or mist (liquid)

DEA number

a registration number assigned to physicians by the drug enforcement administrations for prescribing or dispensing controlled drugs

allergen

a substance that is capable of causing an allergic reaction

enteric coated tablet

a tablet coated with a substance that prevents it from dissolving until it reaches the intestines. the coating protects the drug from being destroyed by gastric juices and prevents it from irritating the stomach lining. to prevent the active ingredients from being released prematurely in the stomach, enteric coated tablets must be crushed or chewed (solid)

oral administration

administration of medication by mouth

what factors can affect the therapeutic effect

age route of administration size time of administration tolerance

allergy

an abnormal hypersensitivity of the body to substances that are ordinarily harmless

adverse reaction

an unintended and undesirable effect produced by a drug

conversion

changing from one system of measurement to another

who most commonly takes liquid preparations

children

what is the FDA responsible for

for determining whether new food products, drugs, vaccines, medical devices, cosmetics, and other products are safe

why would you avoid the oral route

if the person cant receive anything orally, or needs the medication to work quicker than the 30 minutes orally

intradermal injection

introduction of medication into the dermal layer of the skin

intramuscular injection

introduction of medication into the muscular layer of the body

why is it important for an MA to have knowledge of the PDA

it is essential to know drug indications, adverse reactions, routes of administration, dosage, and storage

why use the oral route for medications administration

it is the most convient

when a medication is dispensed, that means that

medication is given to a patient at the medical office to be taken at home

what are the pros and cons of parenteral administration

pros: it absorbs more rapidly cons: possibility for infection

what are the 7 rights of medication administration

right drug right dose right time right patient right route right technique right documentation

why do we have perscriptions

so that the physician can supervise the use

pharmacology

study of drugs

solid preparations include

tablet, chewable tablet, sublingual tablet, enteric-coated tablet, capsule, sustained-release capsule, caplet, lozenge, cream, ointment, suppository, transdermal patch

cubic centimeter

the amount of space occupied by 1 milimeter

brand name

the brand name is the name under which a pharmaceutical manufacturer markets a drug. ex tylenol, tempra

when a medication is administered, that means that

the medication was given to the patient in the medical office

generic name

the name is assigned by the pharmaceutical manufacturer who develops the drug, before it receives official approval by the FDA. it is usually the shortened version of the chemical name

official name

the name under which the drug is listed in the official publications

superscription

the part of a prescription consisting of the symbol Rx

Signatura

the part of a prescription that indicated the information to print on the medication label

inscription

the part of a prescription that indicates the name of the drug and the drug dosage

subscription

the part of the prescription that gives directions to the pharmacist and usually designates the number of doses to be dispensed

when a medication is prescribed, that means that

the physician provides the patient with the handwritten or electronic prescription for a drug to be filled at the pharmacy

chemical name

the precise description of the drugs chemical composition. pharmaceutical manufacturers and pharmacists are most concerned with the chemical makeup of the drug

dose

the quantity of a drug to be administered at one time

what is therapeutic effect

the reason the patient takes the medication

chemotherapy

the use of chemicals to treat disease. chemotherapy is most often used to refer to the treatment of cancer using antineoplastic medications

what can a physician do if they desire the patient to have the brand name medication?

they can sign the "dispense as written"(DAW) which requires the pharmacy to fill the exact written brand

why is a formulary important

to encourage the use of safe, effective, and most affordable medications

what is a formulary

• A list of medications that are to be maintained in stock. • Third party payers' formulary is a list of medications that they will reimburse.