Ch 11 Quiz

Information obtained on variables measured at the nominal or ordinal level of measurement is said to be ___________ data.

Categorical

A _______________ is a classification tool that reveals the various possibilities in the comparison of variables for a chi-square.

Contingency table

The ___________ frequency is the frequency that would be expected to occur in a particular cell based on chance and the marginal distributions.

Expected

Which of the following is true with respect to the Chi Square Test of Independence?

The test is appropriate for categorical data.

Which of the following is the correct conclusion for this analysis (complete, all parts)?

There is no significant association. Fail to reject the null hypothesis.

How are observed frequencies determined?

They are found by looking at the data in the contingency table.

How are expected frequencies determined?

They are found by multiplying row and column totals together and dividing by the total number of cases.

What are the degrees of freedom equal to?

df = 1

QUESTIONS 11-15 A researcher wants to know if there is an association between general happiness and whether or not people consider themselves introverts or extroverts. Construct a contingency table with the following categories: two rows (Introverts and Extroverts) and two columns (Generally Happy and Generally Unhappy). Of the introverts, 21 people said they were generally happy and 13 were generally unhappy. Of the extroverts, 31 people were generally happy and 17 were generally unhappy. Use the 0.05 level of significance. What is chi-square critical equal to?

+/- 3.841

What is chi-square calc equal to (round to three decimals during the calculation)?

0.068

There are __ cells in a 2x2 contingency table.

4

If a contingency table has three rows and five columns, how many degrees of freedom would you have?

8

If a contingency table has two rows and four columns, how many expected frequencies will you have to calculate?

8

What is the total sample size used in this analysis?

82

Using Appendix H to assist you in developing your answer, assume that you have a calculated Chi Square value of 17.98. Further assume that you are working at the .05 level of significance; the contingency table has five rows and three columns. What would be the proper hypothesis interpretation?

Reject the null hypothesis with the knowledge that there is a 5% probability of having made a Type I error.