ch 12 abnormal psych OSU

The blood-alcohol level that typically produces the symptoms of intoxication is ______ of the blood volume.

.09%

The proportion of Americans over the age of 11 who smoke is about:

1/3

The duration of most of the effects of cannabis is about:

2-6 hours

Of the following people, the one who would probably have the highest blood alcohol level after an hour of drinking would be a:

200-pound woman who had drunk six cans of beer.

About what percentage of the population in the United States abuses or is dependent on cocaine?

3%

A person has ingested enough ethyl alcohol to lose consciousness, but not enough to produce death. The most probable alcohol concentration in that person, expressed as a percent of blood volume is:

40.

According to reports about the effectiveness of the Sobriety High program, about what percent of those enrolled have mental health problems besides chemical dependency?

90 percent

Drug dependence may develop because one finds drug use rewarding when it reduces tension; Which view of substance abuse would applaud this statement most enthusiastically?

Behavioral

Which of the following is a negative effect of cannabis use?

decrease in fertility

The most powerful form of cannabis is:

hashish

One longitudinal study found that men who become alcoholics were initially more:

impulsive in adolescence

Free-basing has the effect of making cocaine:

more concentrated

A heroin overdose is likely to occur when:

one has been without heroin for a period of time and takes one's usual dose.

In what proportion of suicides and rapes in the United States does alcoholism play a role?

one-third

Barbiturates were first prescribed to help people:

sleep

Women tolerate alcohol less well than men because:

their stomachs break down alcohol less well

An individual who is dependent on alcohol is experiencing delirium tremens. This reaction is:

uncommon, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking.

A person who experiences vomiting and shaking when he tries to stop drinking alcohol has developed:

withdrawal symptoms

How many cups of coffee would one have to drink to produce seizures and respiratory or circulatory failure?

100

Hanna goes to a meeting because her husband is an alcoholic who only occasionally can abstain from alcohol. The meetings with other people in similar situations helps her cope. She probably attends meetings of:

Al Anon

A friend says, I want to minimize my risks of organ damage and long-lasting mental change, and then asks, What kind of drug should I most avoid?; Your best answer is:

Alcohol

According to the chart in your textbook, teenagers say that the drug easiest for them to obtain is:

Alcohol

Alcoholism is a disease; you are an alcoholic for life, and must stop drinking; The treatment favored by the person who is being quoted MOST likely is:

Alcoholics Anonymous

A person would be least likely to feel drowsy soon after taking a moderate dose of which type of drug?

Amphetamines

Lola's physician prescribed diet pills. Which of the following drugs are they most likely to have contained?

Amphetamines

Assume a researcher finds that overuse of a drug reduces the body's production of neurotransmitters. Thus, if an abuser of this drug stops taking the drug, withdrawal symptoms occur until the brain begins producing normal levels of neurotransmitters again. Such a finding would most directly support which view of the cause of substance-abuse disorders?

Biochemical

At the rave; a student took a drug which caused a great burst of energy, along with badly distorted visual experiences. Most likely, the drug the student took was:

Ecstasy

Months after last taking a drug, a former drug abuser still produces very little serotonin. The person is depressed and anxious, and has great difficulty remembering new material. Most likely, the abused drug if it were a single drug was:

Ecstasy

Benzodiazepines primarily affect the neurotransmitter:

GABA

The drug which would produce effects similar to what the neurotransmitters called endorphins produce pleasurable, calming feelings:

Heroin

An emergency medical technician needs to give a patient a drug that will allow the patient to breathe more easily. It is important for the drug to act as soon as possible. Assuming the drug would begin working when it reaches the brain, the BEST method to administer the drug would be by:

Inhalation

Which of the following has been identified as a problem in designing and evaluating treatment methods for substance abuse?

It has been difficult to precisely define treatment success

A combination of alcohol abuse and a vitamin-B deficiency can lead to:

Korsakoff's syndrome

A patient in an alcohol rehabilitation center tells you a detailed story about growing up in the mountains of Tennessee. Later, you find out that the person in fact never even visited Tennessee. A day later you visit the patient again, and the patient does not recognize you. Most likely, the patient is suffering from:

Korsakoff's syndrome

A person who took a drug an hour or two ago sits alone, quietly and intensely listening ;so the person says to the sap running in a tree, the leaves of which appear a brilliant purple to the drug user. Most likely, the person has recently used:

LSD

Hallucinogens would include which of the following?

LSD

What is the risk of tolerance and physical addiction to hallucinogens as compared to other addictive drugs?

Minimal

Of the following, the one most likely to be alcoholic would be a young adult:

Native American.

Which of the following is a depressant?

Opiods

Pat and Jody each have 5 screwdrivers (OJ and vodka). Pat gets very drunk. Jody does not. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Pat is a woman, Jody is a man.

A friend says; I'm thinking about getting some help for my problem drinking. What's the most commonly-used form of treatment? Your BEST answer is:

Self-help groups but there isn't much good research on how effective self-help groups are

Which of the following literary figures is most closely associated with the use of cocaine?

Sherlock Holmes

One study shows that, in substance-free dorms, the percent of students who are binge drinkers is:

about one-half the percent of students, nationwide, who are binge drinkers.

Wes has a drink in the morning upon rising. He has a cocktail with breakfast. He usually sneaks a snort during the morning (just to get through the day) and then drinks during his lunch. When he gets home after work he goes to a singles bar and immediately has a drink to ease his nerves about approaching the women there. Later, at home, he generally has a small dinner and then sits in front of the TV watching sports and drinking beer (as many as 12 cans). Somehow he manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Wes is displaying:

alcohol abuse.

Which of the following combinations is most likely to result in cross-tolerant effects?

alcohol and barbiturates

An EMT has to be especially aware of people abusing cocaine, because even young people are at risk for all of the following EXCEPT:

asthmatic attacks

A client being treated for alcohol abuse receives just enough of a drug called curare to produce temporary paralysis just as that client takes a swig of beer. Presumably, sufficient pairings of paralysis and alcohol will reduce the client's desire for alcohol. This procedure is called:

aversion therapy

Because of the likelihood of convulsions, withdrawal from ______ is especially dangerous.

barbiturates

Which of the following combinations is most likely to result in antagonistic effects?

barbiturates and cocaine

Why is the risk of transmitting AIDS an important factor for heroin users?

because heroin users often share needles infected with the AIDS virus

According to a recent study by Henry Wechsler and his colleagues at the Harvard School of Public Health, the best predictor of college binge drinking is:

being in a social fraternity.

If a physician wanted to relieve anxiety with a lesser risk of drowsiness, overdose, and slowed breathing, the physician would prescribe:

benzodiazepines.

Alcohol works as a central nervous system depressant by:

binding to receptors on neurons.

The purpose of an antagonist drug is to:

block or change the effect of an addictive drug

Among U.S. teenagers, the percent using cocaine dropped in the late 1980s, then rose again through the mid-1990s. This same usage pattern occurred with:

both alcohol and marijuana

The stimulant used by more people in the world than any other is

caffeine

The drug with the lowest risks for drug dependency and long-term behavioral change is:

cannabis

Alcoholics Anonymous supports the belief that alcoholics should:

cease drinking entirely

The scarring of the liver caused by alcohol consumption is known as:

cirrhosis.

Daniel, an intravenous heroin user, feels intense cravings when he sees hypodermic needles. This might be an example of:

classical conditioning

A researcher reports that a drug indirectly stimulates a reward center in the brain rather than directly stimulating it. The drug the researcher is studying could be any of the following drugs EXCEPT:

cocaine

Mario felt awake and alive after taking the drug. He felt as though he could conquer the world after taking:

cocaine

Someone experiencing hallucinations, delusions, or both, after ingesting cocaine is exhibiting signs of:

cocaine-induced psychotic disorder.

Kelly is a long-time serious drinker. In the last year she has started having huge memory lapses. When this happens she makes up wild stories to help her fill in what she does not remember. This symptom is called:

confabulation.

Cocaine abusers on an inpatient ward earn rewards and eventual release from the program ;if they produce periodic urine samples that are free of the drug. The program they are in is a form of:

contingency training

Sobriety High and Drug Court programs:

cost more than regular educational programs, but save society money in the long run

Chronic and excessive use of benzodiazepines may cause the:

decreased production of GABA

A newly developed drug causes users to lose some muscle control, slurring their speech and slowing central nervous system activity. Most likely this new drug is a:

depressant

Jess thought she was taking an aspirin. But later when she had a glass of wine and became very nauseated she realized the pill was:

disulfiram

Research indicates that the most important neurotransmitter in the &pleasure pathway; of the brain is probably:

dopamine

Three chronic marijuana users a light user, a moderate user, and a heavy user stop using marijuana. Several weeks later, the higher-than-normal blood flow, which had occurred in the brains of all three prior to quitting, had most likely:

dropped somewhat for the light and moderate users only, but still remained at too high levels

A marijuana user has just taken the drug. Almost half an hour passes before the user begins to experience the drug high. Most likely, the user has taken the drug by:

eating it in some food

During a recent ambulance call, EMTs gave naloxone to a person who had injected an overdose of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid. This treatment is usually:

effective in treating opioid overdose, although it may make withdrawal symptoms more severe

A pattern of mental retardation, head and facial deformities, heart defects, and slow growth characterizes one with:

fetal alcohol syndrome

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo and fetus, resulting in:

fetal alcohol syndrome

Psychodynamic therapies may not be very effective in the treatment of substance-related disorders because:

finding the cause of a substance-related disorder is less important than treating the abuse as an independent problem

If all you know about someone is that the person has been binge drinking in the past month, then you know the person had at least:

five drinks at a time at least once, and probably is a male.

If genetics plays a strong role in the development of cocaine abuse, we would expect to find the lowest concordance rates for cocaine abuse among:

genetically unrelated pairs of people

In the past 30 years, the rate of opioid addiction in the United States has:

gone down and up at least twice

An individual who has recently taken a drug angrily grabs some car keys and attempts to drive home. The person appears anxious, and keeps bragging that driving the car won't really be that difficult. Most likely, that person is experiencing:

hallucinosis

The hallucinations and distortions of perception some drugs produce are called:

hallucinosis.

During his first night in the detoxification unit, Quent developed what seemed like a case of the flu. He ached all over and had diarrhea. He was probably withdrawing from:

heroin

A high school student says to you, What's the big deal about using pot? How can it hurt me. The most accurate reply you could make is:

if you're high, you won't be able to remember what you just learned

A person with a substance abuse problem has just self-administered by intramuscular injection an overdose of fentanyl, a very powerful synthetic narcotic. A potentially fatal side effect of fentanyl overdose is that breathing stops. Assuming the drug would interfere with breathing when it reaches the brain, the person should experience breathing difficulty:

in a few minutes

If research shows that neurons in a reward center fire more and more readily as a person abuses a drug, this would provide support for:

incentive-sensitization theory

Detoxification procedures may involve any of the following, EXCEPT:

initially increasing the substance dose to make the substance aversive

Melanie has taken a lot of the drug that she was offered and in spite of being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of:

intoxication.

Unlike the opioid drugs morphine and heroin, methadone:

is synthetic

Ellen stopped taking her regular amount of cocaine after using it for months. She will probably experience:

letdown, depressed feelings, and fatigue

Two people of the same gender and weight consume the same amount of alcohol in the same amount of time. Nevertheless, one of them sobers up substantially sooner than the other. Most likely, this difference is due to:

liver function: some people's livers metabolize alcohol faster than those of others.

In women, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is found at:

lower levels in the stomach, making them slower to metabolize alcohol

A researcher reports that a drug directly stimulates a reward center in the brain rather than through indirect stimulation of a reward center. The drug the researcher is studying could be any of the following drugs EXCEPT:

marijuana

Recent studies show that gender-sensitive programs for treating substance abuse:

may be very useful; substance abusers of different genders have different physical and psychological reactions to drugs

Morphine and marijuana are similar in that, when they were introduced in the United States, they were considered to be:

medicines

The club drug; which causes neurotoxicity and is associated with high rates of HIV-positive tests but which is not considered hallucinogenic, is:

methamphetamine

After the accident, Kendra was taken to the hospital with broken legs and arms. They almost immediately gave her a shot that reduced her pain. The shot was probably:

morphine

A wounded veteran of the U.S. Civil War suffering from soldiers' disease most likely was suffering from:

morphine dependence

Those who used marijuana in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users around the year 2000 because marijuana available in the 1960s had:

much less THC

All the opioid drugs are known as:

narcotics

Research suggests that people continue to use tobacco despite its health risks because:

nicotine is so addictive

Studies attempting to relate personality traits to potential for developing substance abuse show that:

no single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse

A person who recently injected cocaine reports reaching the peak of subjective euphoria. Usually, that euphoria:

occurs at about the same time as the peak of dopamine-using neuron activity.

If someone opposes the medical use of THC, most likely they do so because:

of legal or moral reasons

A full-time college student has just become a college dropout. The chances that alcohol was a factor in the dropout is about:

one in four.

According to reports about the effectiveness of Drug Courts and Sobriety High programs, how likely are those who complete these programs to violate the law again compared with those who do not complete them?

one-third as likely

A manager who feels anxious about speaking in front of large groups frequently has a couple of glasses of wine to relax before beginning to speak. This medicinal use of By

operant conditioning

The drug which, when misused, would most quickly result in dependence or addiction would be:

opium

Polysubstance use involving illegal drugs occurs in about what percent of U.S. illegal drug users?

over 60%

If you were trying to convince a friend not to be a cocaine user, what would you cite as the greatest risk

overdose effects

One of the features of Alcoholics Anonymous is:

peer support

Intoxication is actually a form of:

poisoning

Amphetamine users run an unusually high risk of becoming dependent because amphetamines:

produce drug tolerance very quickly

The use of methadone in drug maintenance programs is controversial because methadone:

produces withdrawal sometimes more difficult than heroin withdrawal

A clinician wishes to begin a drug abuse prevention campaign in a community. The most important thing the clinician can do is to:

provide a consistent message across the media about drug abuse

Because alcohol binds to neurons that normally receive the neurotransmitter GABA, it is not surprising that alcohol:

reduces inhibitions

A client receiving treatment for substance abuse keeps track of times the substance is used, and develops strategies to deal with the substance when there is an opportunity to use it. The client is MOST likely receiving:

relapse-prevention training

Jason, a recovering heavy drinker, has been trained to identify the situations that might cause him to drink and to be aware of when he should stop drinking. This approach is known as:

relapse-prevention training

Of the following alternatives, the MOST commonly-used form of treatment for a substance abuse disorder is:

self-help groups

The use of narcotic antagonists can be dangerous. This is based on their ability to initiate:

severe withdrawal

Cocaine and amphetamines produce:

similar behavioral effects, and similar emotional effects

A friend of yours who has been doing some recent heavy drinking asks you what to do to sober up as quickly as possible. Your best answer would be:

stop drinking

The long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior caused by the regular use of some chemical or drug is called...

substance abuse

A college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and the professor's colleagues find the professor difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior as detailed above would be:

substance abuse.

Which of the following would not be considered a drug?

sugar

While under the influence of LSD, Matilda believes that she can feel the sounds around her. This effect is known as:

synesthesia

Probably the worst thing one who has partied hard; with alcohol could do right after drinking would be to:

take some barbiturates to fall asleep

Most evidence for the effectiveness of self-help programs comes from:

testimonials from those who have gone through such a program

The pleasant feeling called a high; produced by using narcotics is due to:

the drug attaching to sites normally receptive to endorphins.

In general, behavioral treatments for substance-related disorders are more successful when:

the person receiving the therapy is highly motivated to continue

The chief danger of LSD use is:

the possibility of very powerful, sometimes negative, reactions

Methods of supplying nicotine to those who are trying to quit smoking include all of the following except

the subcutaneous nicotine pump

Which one of the following would lead to a diagnosis of substance dependence rather than substance abuse?

tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

A frequent drug user finds that more and more drug is necessary to produce the same high that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing:

tolerance.

Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so it did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of:

tolerance.

A person takes a drug at noon. Although remaining awake and alert, the person experiences poor coordination, palpitations, and greatly enhanced visual perceptions. By dinner, the symptoms have pretty well subsided. Most likely, that person:

took LSD

A person you know has just started experiencing delirium tremens. Probably they will last:

two or three days, with a significant risk of problems like seizure or stroke.

Imagine that you are experiencing headaches, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Which of the following are you most likely to be doing?

withdrawing from caffeine

Considering alcoholism in white American men, African American men, and Hispanic American men, which of the following is most accurate?

The patterns of drinking differ across ethnic group and age.

What would those who support the Alcoholics Anonymous approach to treating alcoholism have to say about the cognitive-behavioral procedure called relapse-prevention training?

They would oppose relapse-prevention training because it does not require sobriety

A friend asks you for advice about how to stop smoking. Based on the data, your best advice to your friend would be:

Try aversion therapy, for example, rapid smoking

After a fire in an isolated farmhouse, firefighters found several small propane tanks in the kitchen area and other strong evidence of a recently-abandoned kitchen meth lab. If what the firefighters found was a meth lab, it was:

Unusual- most meth labs are relatively large operations in rural areas

Nan took the drug she was handed and in a few minutes felt calm and drowsy, and then went to sleep. She probably took:

a barbiturate

A person who has injected a narcotic feels relaxed, happy, and unconcerned about food, sex, or other bodily needs. This person is experiencing what is known as:

a high

Which of the following persons would be most likely to be alcoholic?

a lower socioeconomic class person living in a high unemployment area

Serina has just had an injection of heroin. She feels intense pleasure very quickly. This is:

a rush.

Jenny simply cannot get up in the morning without her uppers, those little amphetamine pills her friend gave her. She feels she must take them every day. She has:

a substance-dependence disorder.

Barry drank quite a lot at the biggest party of the year. Later, he had trouble falling asleep, so he took a barbiturate. If he dies from respiratory failure during the night, it is probably because the alcohol and barbiturate had:

a synergistic effect