CH 14 quiz

​Jessie's travel agency interweaves marketing messages with mythical stories promising consumers that they will​ "experience journeys of enlightenment regarding how all components of the universe come​ together" when they take part in her unique travel packages to lost cities and ancient ruins. As learned in this​ chapter, myths serve four interrelated functions in culture. Which function has Jessie applied in her marketing​ approach?

Cosmological

​________ refers to the process whereby a new​ product, service, or idea spreads through a population.

Diffusion of innovations

Which of​ Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture measures the extent to which a society allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having​ fun?

Indulgence versus restraint

​________ are stories with symbolic elements that represent a​ culture's ideals.​ Advertising, movies, and other media transmit these symbolic elements in modern times.

Myths

​________ is a net exporter of popular culture. Consumers around the world eagerly adopt their​ products, especially entertainment vehicles.

The United States

We identify different classes of fashion when we look at the relative length of their​ ________ cycles. Many fashions have a moderate​ cycle, taking several months or even years to work their way through the various​ stages; others are extremely​ long-lived or​ short-lived.

acceptance

Keds​ sneakers, introduced in​ 1917, appeal to those who are turned off by the​ high-fashion, trendy appeal of Nike or Reebok. Market researchers refer to Keds as​ (a) ________.

classic

Objectification occurs when sacred qualities are attributed to everday​ items, like a baseball. One way that this process occurs is by​ ________, whereby objects we associate with sacred events or people become sacred in their own right.

contamination

When mainstream culture modifies symbols from​ "cutting-edge" subcultures for a larger audience to​ consume, the cultural products undergo a process of​ ________ in which outsiders transform their original meanings.

cooptation

According to market​ researchers, a(n)​ ________ is an object admired for the beauty with which it performs some function.

craft product

Marketers use the term​ ________ to describe the process whereby foreign influences integrate with local meanings. In​ India, beggars sell bottles of Coke from​ tricycles, and​ Indipop, a popular music​ hybrid, mixes traditional styles with​ rock, rap, and reggae.

creolization

The transition of Turkish tea to a​ mass-market product illustrates the process of​ ________.

desacralization

According to information learned in this​ chapter, a​ consumer's culture exerts a big influence on his or her lifestyle​ choices; therefore, marketers must learn as much as possible about differences in cultural norms and preferences when they​ ________.

do business in more than one country

​Isa, a market​ researcher, believes that each culture is​ unique, with its own value system​ conventions, and regulations. Isa is a follower of the​ ________.

emic perspective

​A(n) ________ is a​ short-lived fashion. Relatively few people adopt this​ product, but it can spread quickly.

fad

Patricia is said to be​ __________, as she has a problem discarding used​ objects, versus​ Jennifer, who systematically acquires a particular set of​ X-Files memorabilia.

hoarding

In some​ cases, a portion of the population purposely waits to accept an innovation because they assume that the company will improve its technology or that its price will fall after it has been on the market for a while. Marketers call these people​ ________.

late adopters

According to market​ research, myths serve four interrelated functions in a​ culture, one of which is to provide models for personal conduct. Researchers call this function​ ________.

psychological

Many of our consumption activities—including holiday​ observances, grooming, and ​gift-giving—relate to rituals. The​ gift-giving ritual is comprised of three​ stages: gestation,​ presentation, and​ ________.

reformulation

​A(n) ________is a set of​ multiple, symbolic behaviors that occurs in a fixed sequence and is repeated periodically.

ritual

According to the Gartner Hype Cycle there is a time period in the innovation cycle where people really start to understand how the innovation can be used. This time period is called the​ __________________.

slope of enlightenment

One factor that affects the demand curve for fashion items is the​ ________, in which lower prices actually reduce demand for the product.

snob effect

Approximately​ one-sixth of the population is quick to adopt new products and another​ one-sixth, known as​ ________, are slow. The remaining​ two-thirds of the​ population, known as​ ________, fall somewhere in the middle.

​laggards; late adopters