Ch. 14.3

What 3 New Deal programs provided this relief?

- 14% of all families obtained aid or relief from federal government -Millions were able to stay off relief with government jobs with CCC, PWA, and WPA

5 legacies of FDRs New Deal program

- Federal regulation, welfare program, integration of federal offices, equal job opportunity for women, blacks, hispanics, and native americans CCC PWA WPA Federal Housing Authority TVA Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Social Security Act

Who was Marian Anderson? And what role did Eleanor Roosevelt play in her performance in front of the Lincoln Memorial?

- Marian Anderson was a famous opera singer that performed at the Lincoln Memorial - Eleanor Roosevelt heard that the Daughters of the American Revolution, DAR, refused that Anderson couldn´t sing at the Constitutional Hall because she was African American - Roosevelt resigned from the DAR organization and encouraged Anderson to apply for permission to give a free concert on steps of Lincoln Memorial - The concert was a majestic success, sung ¨My country tis of thee¨

What other jobs in FDR´s administration were given to women?

- Roosevelt also appointed the first woman to the federal appeals court - the first women ambassadors - woman as director of the mint - women were asked to serve as advisers in many New Deal agencies - more than 100 women who held senior positions in the federal government

Harold Ickes

- Secretary of the interior, worked closely with African Americans to improve race relations, and he passed along their concerns to FDR - integrated his department, appointing several prominent African Americans to key positions. Under Ickes, the PWA allocated funds for the construction of African American hospitals, universities, and housing projects. - PWA building contract contained a clause requiring a number of African Americans hired

In what area did FDR fail to take a strong stand concerning African Americans?

- civil rights issues - refused to abolish poll tax - did little to eliminate unfair hiring and discriminatory job conditions - government agencies refused to hire African American workers, TVA - CCC and armed forces had segregation and gave lower wages and prevented them from obtaining many jobs by stiff hiring restriction

Mary Mcleod Bethune

- head of the New Negro Affairs Division of the National Youth Administration. Most influential member of the black cabinet. - close friend to Eleanor Roosevelt and they´d share cabinet ideas, then Roosevelt would share them with FDR

How did Eleanor Roosevelt help female journalist?

- she decided to hold weekly press conferences with only women reporters (35) so they could keep their jobs - during depression many newspapers cut back their staffs, women were first let go - due to this, women gained political recognition bc she thought women were better suited to promote child welfare, education, fair labor standards and world peace

Why did FDR hesitate to support anti-lynching legislation?

- was afraid that he would alienate the southern white leaders who strongly opposed such laws - desired to maintain the support of southern whites - continued to advocate for slow, cautious change

Black Cabinet

50 African Americans who served in various branches of FDR´s administration

Under FDR, what new responsibilities did the government assume?

Assumed responsibility for the economic welfare of individuals as well as for the health of the nations economy at large. Taking on such obligations FDRs New Deal proved to be a turning point in history

John Collier

Commissioner of Indian Affairs and authored the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 involved in Native American politics since 1923, when he founded the American Indian Defense Association. Collier built upon ideas and initiatives of Henry Cloud and Getrude Bonnin

Federal Regulation

Control by the federal government rather than by private interests (expansion of federal government into almost all aspects of peoples lives, direct legacy of New Deal)

Frances Perkins

First woman in U.S. history to be appointed to a cabinet post, also a former social worker who had serves as industrial commissioner for New York State. As Secretary of labor, she pushed hard to obtain a social security program and a minimum wage law that would boost the pay for thousands women workers

Gertrude Bonnin

Sioux writer

Discrimination

The denial of rights because of someone´s race, religion, sex, or other quality (prejudicial treatment) - Roosevelt supported women, but appointed them to government posts where there would be the least conflict with men - NRA codes granted women lower pay, even for the same jobs - businesses refused to hire married women; or married women whose husbands already worked were forced to give up jobs for other men to work

What were the three provisions outlined in the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934?

To promote Native American cultures and to preserve tribal ownership of reservation lands - prevented the government from seizing unclaimed reservation land and selling it to people who were not Native American - Government seizure of reservation territory, which had begun since late 1800s, had deprived them of valuable lands and reduced reservations to 1/3. With Act, Native Americans gained control of their reservations and could decide how their lands would be used and managed - encouraged Native Americans to establish their own governments on reservations

Henry Roe Cloud

Winnebago teacher